Acidifiers

Acidifiers

1. ACIDIFIERS PREPARED BY: USHA RANI KANDULA, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF ADULT HEALTH NURSING ARSI UNIVERSITY,ASELLA,ETHIOPIA, SOUTH EAST AFRICA.

2. DEFINITION Acidifiers are the drugs or agents, which are used to treat acid-base imbalance in the body or for the treatment of metabolic alkalosis.

3. Acidifiers are the agents, which are used to neutralize the PH which has been increased due to certain causes like excess alkali intake. Normal urinary – PH-7

4. CLASSIFICATION -Ammonium chloride -Ascorbic acid -Calcium chloride Phenezopyridine

5. AMMONIUM CHLORIDE MOA Ammonium chloride is used as a systemic and urinary acidifier to treat metabolic alkalosis, to correct chloride depletion and to assist in urinary excretion of certain basic drugs.

6. DOSES Expectorants – adults : 200-400mg every 4hourly Children : 50-75 mg/kg in divided doses Urinary acidification – 3-12 g a day in devided doses at 4-6 hours intervals.

7. INDICATIONS Metabolic alkalosis CONTRAINDICATIONS -Renal -Hepatic -Pulmonary diseases

8. SIDE EFFECTS Metabolic acidosis Headache Hyperglycemia Hypokalemia Too rapid IV administration can result in arrhythmias, convulsions and coma.

9. ASCORBIC ACID Vitamin-C or ascorbic acid is an essential dietary substance that plays a major role in many metabolic reactions as the formation and maintenance of collagen and intracellular ground substances.

10. MOA Ascorbic acid acts as an acidifier, which helps to neutralize the alkali excess, thus helps to reduce the PH toward its normal values.

11. DOSE Oral Treatment of deficiency state : 100-500 mg/day as needed. Prophylaxis : 50-100 mg/day Urinary acidification 4-12 g/day of ascorbic acid in divided doses every 4 hours.

12. IM,SC,IV -up to 2g/day as needed for severe deficiency states, Maintenance dose is 100-250 mg once or twice a day.

13. NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

14. NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES Use cautiously in patients with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, hyperuricemia , or renal impairment and pregnant women. Inject slowly IV . Avoid dizziness or fainting.

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