Acids-and-Alkalis-KS3-interactive-lesson.ppt

science acids and alkalis

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KS3 Chemistry
7E Acids and Alkalis

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Contents
7E Acids and Alkalis
Neutralization
Summary activities
What are acids and alkalis?
Indicators and the pH scale
Hazard symbols

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What is an acid?
Acids are a group of chemicals.
What do you know about acids? Are all acids dangerous?

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What is an acid?
everyday acids laboratory acids
Acids are a group of chemicals.
Can you think of other examples of acids?
Which of these items contains an acid?

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What is a weak acid?
Acids are found in household items such as food, drink
and beauty/skincare products.
It is safe to handle these acids and even taste them, if they
are for eating! These acids are known weak acids.

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What is a strong acid?
Some acids, like those found in the laboratory or a car
battery, are very dangerous (too dangerous to taste or touch).
These acids are said to be corrosive as they can damage
other materials by wearing them away! They are strong acids.
Why must strong acids always be handled very carefully?

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What is an alkali?
everyday alkalis laboratory alkalis
Alkalis are another group of chemicals, the opposite of acids.
Which of these items contains an alkali?
Can you think of other examples of alkalis?

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What is a weak alkali?
Alkalis are found in soaps and other materials used for
cleaning.
It is safe to handle these alkalis, which can feel soapy.
These alkalis are known as weak alkalis.

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What is a strong alkali?
Some alkalis, like those in the laboratory or in cleaning
materials such as toilet cleaner, are too dangerous to touch.
These alkalis are said to be caustic because they can burn
skin and damage other materials! They are strong alkalis.
Why must strong alkalis always be handled very carefully?

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Contents
7E Acids and Alkalis
Neutralization
Summary activities
What are acids and alkalis?
Indicators and the pH scale
Hazard symbols

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How can you tell which chemicals are safe and which are
dangerous?
Special symbols are used on bottles and vehicles that
contain dangerous chemicals.
What are hazard symbols?
corrosiveharmfulirritanttoxic
These hazard symbols show why the chemical is dangerous.
Why is it important that these symbols can be recognised by
i h
highly
flammable
people from other countries?

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What do hazard symbols mean?

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Contents
7E Acids and Alkalis
Neutralization
Summary activities
What are acids and alkalis?
Indicators and the pH scale
Hazard symbols

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How can you test a liquid to find if it is an acid or an alkali?
An indicator is a special chemical that changes
to a different colour in an acid or an alkali.
What is an indicator?
Litmus paper and litmus solution are
examples of indicators.
Litmus is
red in acid.
Litmus is
blue in alkali.

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Litmus test experiment

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Litmus is used to show if a solution is acid or alkali.
Litmus does not show if the acid or alkali is weak or strong.
What is universal indicator?
Universal indicator has a range of colours that show how
weak or strong the acid or alkali is.
stronger alkalistronger acid
What is the colour for a weak acid?
What is the colour for a strong alkali?
weak
alkali
weak
acid
strong
alkalineutral
strong
acid

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The strength of an acid or alkali is measured by the pH scale.
What is the pH scale?
Each universal indicator colour is given a number called
the pH value.
Universal indicator can tell you the pH of a solution.
What is the pH of a weak acid?
What is the pH of strong alkali?
weak
alkali
weak
acid
strong
alkali
strong
acid
stronger alkalistronger acid
neutral
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

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What is the pH?

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Are these substances acidic or alkaline?
Are they weak or strong?
12 14131211109876543
Substance pH Description of acid/alkali
soda water 6
car battery acid1
soap 8
washing soda 10
stomach acid 2
oven cleaner 14
vinegar 4
very weak acid
very strong acid
very weak alkali
weak alkali
strong acid
very strong alkali
weak acid
alkaliacid
What type of substance?

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Contents
7E Acids and Alkalis
Neutralization
Summary activities
What are acids and alkalis?
Indicators and the pH scale
Hazard symbols

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Mixing an acid and an alkali
What happens when an acid and an alkali are mixed?
Mixing an acid and an alkali causes a chemical change.
This chemical change is called a chemical reaction.
How do you know this chemical reaction has taken place?
?

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What is neutralization?
The chemical reaction between an acid and an alkali
is called neutralization.
What happens to the pH value of the reaction mixture during
neutralization?
acid alkali a salt water
The pH value of the reaction mixture becomes closer to 7.

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What is neutralization?
The chemical reaction between an an acid and an alkali
can be written as:
What are the two new substances produced by a
neutralization reaction?
a salt acid alkali water

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Neutralization and indigestion

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Neutralizing stings
A bee sting
is acidic.
A wasp sting
is alkaline.
Why can bicarbonate
of soda (pH 9) be used
to treat a bee sting?
Why can vinegar (pH 3)
be used to treat
a wasp sting?

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Neutralizing soil
Soils in different places can
be acidic, alkaline or neutral.
Many plants do not grow
well in acidic soil.
Why do farmers test soil
to check the pH?
Farmers often add an alkali to acidic soil to make their
plants grow better.
How does the alkali help to treat the acidic soil?

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Neutralizing acid rain
Gases emitted by cars, power
stations and factories mix with
rainwater in the atmosphere.
This rainwater has a pH <5.5.
Why is it called acid rain?
Acid rain can have a harmful
effect on the environment
killing trees, polluting lakes
and damaging buildings.
How can the effects of
acid rain be prevented?

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Contents
7E Acids and Alkalis
Neutralization
Summary activities
What are acids and alkalis?
Indicators and the pH scale
Hazard symbols

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Glossary
acid – A chemical that has a pH less than 7.
alkali – A chemical that has a pH greater than 7 and
dissolves in water.
indicator – A special chemical that changes into different
colours in acid and alkali solutions.
neutral – A chemical with a pH of 7 that is not an acid or
an alkali.
neutralization – The chemical reaction between an acid
and an alkali.
pH scale – The range of values that shows how strong or
weak an acid or alkali is.
universal indicator – The indicator that shows the pH
value of a chemical.

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Anagrams

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Word search

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Weak acids, like lemon juice and vinegar, taste sour.
Strong acids are corrosive and can “eat away” at metal,
stone and flesh!
Acids turns blue litmus paper red.
Acids have a pH of less than 7.
Acids can be neutralized with alkalis.
Facts about acids

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Alkalis feel soapy and are used in household cleaning
materials.
Strong alkalis are caustic.
Alkalis turn red litmus paper blue.
Alkalis have a pH of more than 7.
Alkalis can be neutralized with acids.
Facts about alkalis

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Multiple-choice quiz