Acids Bases and Salts powerpoint , department of biochemistry

acids,bases and salts

1. Acids, Bases,
& Salts

2. What is an ACID?
•pH less than 7

3. What is an ACID?
•pH less than 7
•Neutralizes bases

4. What is an ACID?
•pH less than 7
•Neutralizes bases
•Forms H
+
ions in solution
H
+
H
+
H
+
H
+
H
+
H
+
H
2O
H
2O
H
2O
H
2O
H
2OH
2O
H
2O
H
2O
H
2O
H
2O
H
2O

5. What is an ACID?
•pH less than 7
•Neutralizes bases
•Forms H
+
ions in solution
•Corrosive-reacts with metals

6. What is an ACID?
•pH less than 7
•Neutralizes bases
•Forms H
+
ions in solution
•Corrosive-reacts with most
metals to form hydrogen gas
•Good conductors
of electricity

7. What is an ACID?
•pH less than 7
•Neutralizes bases
•Forms H
+
ions in solution
•Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form
hydrogen gas
•Good conductors of electricity
•Tastes Sour
•Changes litmus paper from blue to red

9. Weak vs. Strong Acids
•Weak Acids do not ionize completely:
Acetic, Boric, Nitrous, Phosphoric,
Sulfurous
•Strong Acids ionize completely:
Hydrochloric, Nitric; Sulfuric, Hydriodic

10. Common Acids
•HCl-hydrochloric-stomach acid
•H
2
SO
4-sulfuric acid-car batteries
•HNO
3
–nitric acid-explosives
•HC
2
H
3
O
2
-acetic acid-vinegar
•H
2
CO
3
-carbonic acid–sodas
•H
3
PO
4-phosphoric acid-flavorings

12. What is a BASE?
•pH greater than 7

13. What is a BASE?
•pH greater than 7
•Feels slippery

14. What is a BASE?
•pH greater than 7
•Feels slippery
•Tastes Bitter

15. What is a BASE?
•pH greater than 7
•Feels slippery
•Bitter Taste
•Usually forms
OH
-
ions in solution
OH
-H
2O
H
2O
H
2O
H
2O
H
2OH
2O
H
2O
H
2O
H
2O
H
2O
H
2O
OH
-
OH
-
OH
-
OH
-
OH
-
OH
-

16. What is a BASE?
•pH greater than 7
•Feels slippery
•Tastes Bitter
•Usually forms
OH
-
ions in solution
•Neutralizes acids

17. What is a BASE?
•pH greater than 7
•Feels slippery
•Tastes Bitter
•Usually forms
OH
-
ions in solution
•Neutralizes acids
•Conducts Electricity

20. Common Bases
•NaOH-sodium hydroxide (LYE) soaps, drain cleaner
•Mg (OH)
2
-magnesium hydroxide-antacids
•Al(OH)
3
-aluminum hydroxide-antacids, deodorants
•NH
4OH -ammonium hydroxide-“ammonia”

21. pH of Common Substances
Timberlake, Chemistry 7
th
Edition, page 335
HCl
Gastric
Juice
Lemon
Juice
Vinegar

22. pH of Common Substances
Timberlake, Chemistry 7
th
Edition, page 335
Orange
Soda
Apple
Tomato
Coffee
Soil
Bread
Potato
Urine
Milk

23. pH of Common Substances
Timberlake, Chemistry 7
th
Edition, page 335
Pure
Water

24. pH of Common Substances
Timberlake, Chemistry 7
th
Edition, page 335
Drinking
Water
Blood
Detergents
Bile
Sea Water

25. pH of Common Substances
Timberlake, Chemistry 7
th
Edition, page 335
Milk of
Magnesia
Ammonia
Bleach
Lye
(NaOH)

26. pH paper
•pH paper changes
color to indicate a
specific pH value.

27. Buffers
•A buffer is a solution that resists changes in
pH when small amounts of acids and bases
are added.

28. Situations in which pH is controlled
•“Heartburn”
•Planting vegetables and flowers
•Fish Tanks and Ponds
•Blood
•Swimming pools

29. Acids and Bases in Solution
•HCl + H
20 H
3O
+
+ Cl
-
(more hydronium ions, more acidic)

30. Acids and Bases in Solution
•HCl + H
20 H
3O
+
+ Cl
-
(more hydronium ions, more acidic)
•NaOH in water Na
+
+ OH
-
(more hydroxide ions, more basic)

31. Acids and Bases in Solution
•HCl + H
20 H
3O
+
+ Cl
-
(more hydronium ions, more acidic)
•NaOH in water Na
+
+ OH
-
(more hydroxide ions, more basic)

32. Neutralization Reaction
•reaction of an acid with a base to
produce salt and water.
•Example
H
2SO4 + NaOH NaHSO
4+ H
2O

33. What is a SALT?
•Composed of the negative ion of an acid
and the positive ion of a base.
•One of the products of a Neutralization
Reaction
•Examples: KCl, NaCl, MgSO
4, Na
3PO
4
•HCl+ NaOHNaCl + HOH
Acid + Base yields type of salt and water

38. THANK YOU