acqired heart diseases.pptx

acquired heart d

1. Acquired Heart Disease BHAVANA RAJANNA 89A

2. Outline 2 Definition Etiology Pathogenesis Diagnosis and c/f Treatment

3. DEFINITION: 3 Acquired heart diseases are  conditions affecting the heart and its associated blood vessels that develop during a person's lifetime , in contrast to congenital heart diseases, which are present at birth.

4. Etiology 5 They  can be caused by illnesses such as a bacterial or viral infection . Viridans type streptococci . Staphylococcus aureus , Group D enterococci ( lower GI or GU manipulation) Others pseudomonas aeruginosa in IVDA

5. Epidemiology Acquired HD Mario's 5 / 2 1 /2 18 6 Males are commonly affected IE is often a complication of congenital or Rheumatic Heart Disease Can occur in children with out any abnormal valves or cardiac malformation In developed countries CHD is commonest predisposing factor

6. Pathogenesis Acquired HD Mario's 5 / 2 1 /2 18 7 Patients with CHD where there is a turbulent blood flow, if there is high pressure gradient across the defect, turbulent flow Traumatizes the Endothelium, creates a substrate for deposition of fibrin and platelets Formation of non bacterial thrombotic embolus which is initiating lesion for IE Transient bacteremia there will be colonization of NBTE by bacteria and Bacterial proliferation occurs

7. Risk factor Acquired HD Mario's 5 / 2 1 /2 18 8 Intravenous Drug use Prosthetic heart valves Structural Heart Disease(CHD/RHD) Central venous catheter Dental, Intestinal or Urinary tract procedure In 30% a predisposing factor is identified

8. Clinical Manifestation Acquired HD Mario's 5 / 2 1 /2 18 9 Onset may be acute and severe with HGIF and prostration Prolonged fever without other manifestations Common Symptoms are Myalgia, arthralgia, headache, nausea and vomiting

9. Physical Examination Acquired HD Mario's 5 / 2 1 /2 18 10 New/ changing heart murmur Splenomegaly Signs of Heart Failure clubbing Classic skin findings develop late in the course of the disease Osler Nodes (tender pea sized intradermal nodules in the pads of fingers) Janeway Leshions (painless small hemorrhagic lesions on palms and soles) Splinter Hemorrhages This lesions may represent vasculitis prodiced by Ag-Ab Complex

10. Treatment Antibiotics: regardless of throat culture result • Amoxicillin PO for 10 days • Single IM benzathine penicillin Anti-inflammatory Therapy: • Asprin • corticosteroids

11. Surgical treatment: Some childhood heart defects require repairs that can only be made through open-heart surgery. These repairs may be needed right away, or they may be delayed for months or even years. Sometimes repairs can be made in a single surgical procedure. Other times, a series of operations may be needed. It all depends on the type and severity of the heart defect and how sick the patient is.

12. Acquired HD Mario's 5 / 2 1 /2 18 13