Actenomycocsis.pptx.fungal infection of humam

Fungal infections

1. Name: M.Abdullah Saleh Reg no: 2021-UAM-1401 Course code: Path-502 Instructor: Mam Ujala ActenomYcocsis

2. Introduction: Definition: Actinomycosis is a rare, chronic bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces species, primarily Actinomyces israelii . Characteristics: Slow-progressing, characterized by the formation of abscesses, tissue fibrosis, and draining sinus tracts.

3. History: Discovery: First described in cattle in the 19th century. Human Cases: Identified in humans shortly after its discovery in animals. Significance: Once a common disease before antibiotics; now rare but still significant in certain areas. Outbreak: General: No large-scale outbreaks; typically individual or sporadic cases. Notable Cases: Occasional clusters linked to dental procedures or poor oral hygiene. Risk Factors: Poor oral hygiene, dental abscesses, trauma, and immunosuppression.

4. Epidemiology: Incidence: Rare in developed countries; incidence is higher in rural areas with poor dental hygiene and healthcare access. Geographical Distribution: Worldwide, but more common in tropical and subtropical regions. Demographics: Affects both men and women, with a slight male predominance. More common in middle-aged adults. Diagnosis: Clinical Examination : Physical examination of affected areas. Imaging Studies : X-rays, CT scans, MRI to locate abscesses and extent of infection. Laboratory Tests : Culture of pus or tissue samples ( Actinomyces grow slowly, often require special media). Histopathology : Examination of tissue samples for sulfur granules and filamentous bacteria.

5. Types of actInomycosis : Cervicofacial Actinomycosis : Most common form, often linked to dental infections. Symptoms: Swelling, abscesses, sinus tracts in jaw/neck.

6. TYPES OF ACTINOMYCOSIS: Thoracic Actinomycosis : Second most common form. Symptoms: Chest pain, cough, fever, lung abscesses.

7. Types of actInomycosis : Abdominal Actinomycosis : Linked to gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms: Abdominal pain, fever, weight loss, abscess formation.

8. TYPES OF ACTINOMYCOSIS: Pelvic Actinomycosis : Associated with intrauterine devices (IUDs). Symptoms: Pelvic pain, fever, mass in pelvic area.

9. Types of actInomycosis : Cutaneous Actinomycosis : Secondary spread from other sites or direct inoculation. Symptoms: Skin abscesses, nodules.

10. TREATMENT: Antibiotic Therapy : High-dose penicillin is the drug of choice; alternatives include doxycycline, erythromycin, or clindamycin. Long-term treatment (6-12 months) due to slow-growing nature of bacteria. Surgical Intervention : Drainage of abscesses, removal of infected tissue if necessary. Supportive Care : Pain management, supportive care for chronic symptoms. Prevention : Good oral hygiene, prompt dental care, careful use and monitoring of IUDs. Prognosis : Good with early diagnosis and proper treatment. Delayed treatment can lead to complications and more extensive tissue damage.

11. THANK YOU