active ingredients of household cleaning products.pptx

active ingreedients of household cleaning products

1. Defining relevant concepts An acid is classified as a compound with distinctive properties. An acidic substance is sour-tasting; reacts with litmus paper, bases and metals; conducts electricity; and has a pH of less than 7. An acid can be classified as strong or weak based on its reactivity, conductivity, and pH.

2. Defining relevant concepts pH Scale – is used as a measure of how acidic or basic a substance is. This scale ranges from 0 to 14; a pH of 7 means the substance is neutral. An acidic substance measures lower on the pH scale. A substance with a pH value less than 7, is acidic.

3. Defining relevant concepts Litmus paper strips are used as a general indicator to determine acidity. When dipped in or rubbed on an acidic substance, blue litmus paper turns red.

4. Defining relevant concepts An Alkali or chemical base is a caustic substance. It is a substance that accepts hydrogen ions. It dissociates in water and is a good conductor of electricity. An alkali turns litmus paper blue.

5. Defining relevant concepts Acids and bases are generally chemically active and can react in many other substances. Because of this characteristic, they are commonly found in household applications, especially as cleaners and as ingredients in cooking.

6. Defining relevant concepts

7. Active ingredients in household products Sodium hypochlorite appears as colorless or slightly yellow watery liquid with an odor of household bleach. It mixes with water. It is used as a bleaching agent, laundry bleaching agent,disinfectant for glass, ceramics, and tiles.

8. Active ingredients in household products 2. Sodium bicarbonate appears as odorless white crystalline powder or lumps with slightly alkaline (bitter) taste. It is used to make many chemicals, as an ingredient in baking powder, effervescent salts and beverages, in fire extinguishers, cleaning compounds, and in human and veterinary pharmaceuticals.

9. Active ingredients in household products 3. Sodium hydroxide room temperature is a white crystalline odorless solid that absorbs moisture from the air. It is a manufactured substance. Whendissolved in water or neutralized with acid it liberates substantial heat,which may be sufficient to ignite combustible materials.

10. Active ingredients in household products 3. Sodium hydroxide room temperature is a white crystalline odorless solid that absorbs moisture from the air. It is a manufactured substance. When dissolved in water or neutralized with acid it liberates substantial heat,which may be sufficient to ignite combustible materials.

11. Active ingredients in household products 3. Sodium hydroxide Sodium hydroxide is very corrosive. It is generally used as a solid or a 50% solution. Other common names include caustic soda and lye. It is used to manufacture soaps, rayon, paper, explosives, dyestuffs, and petroleum products.

12. Active ingredients in household products 4. Ammonia Ammonia fumes are powerful irritant, potentially harming your skin, eyes, nose, lungs and throat. When found in oven cleaners and window cleaning formulations, it is an irritant to the mucous membranes.

13. Active ingredients in household products 5. Sodium hypochlorite Sodium hypochlorite also known as bleach is another alkali disinfectant. Bleach works by oxidizing or breaking down the molecular bonds of stains and germs. Another useful but dangerous cleaner it also has strong corrosive properties that may do serious damage to the human body.

14. Active ingredients in household products 5. Sodium hypochlorite Bleach in the bottle is generally a five percent solution. Toxic chlorine gas can be formed if bleach is mixed with acids, such as bowl cleaners.

15. Active ingredients in household products 6. Ethanol is a natural by product of plant fermentation and can be produced through the hydration of ethylene. It mixes easily with water and many organic compounds, and makes an effective solvent for use in paints, lacquers and varnish, as well as personal care and household cleaning products

16. Active ingredients in household products 7. Phenol Phenol is also known as benzenol, or carbolic acid. Phenols are widely used in household products and as intermediates for industrial synthesis. Phenol may have been the first surgical antiseptic. In 1865 the British surgeon Joseph Lister used phenol as an antiseptic to sterilize his operating field

17. Active ingredients in household products 8. Quaternary ammonium These compounds are a family of low-level disinfectants. Quats are generally used to disinfect countertops, toilets and other high touch environmental surfaces and floors. Quaternary ammonium compounds are cationic disinfectants.

18. Active ingredients in household products 9. Sodium percarbonate Sodium percarbonate is a powder that releases hydrogen peroxide, and very concentrated. It is a granulated powder which can be nice for scrubbing stains and stuck-on-gunk off dishes. Scouring powder is made from hydrogen peroxide.

19. 1.Builders Builders are one of the important group of ingredients that help make cleaning products better. Builders give the surfactants a helping hand. Builders help make the surfactant more powerful by reacting with stuff found in tap water Use of other ingredients in household products

20. 2. Solvents Solvents are chemicals that help ingredients stay mixed and gives cleaning products the right thickness, so they are easy to use. In addition, solvents can help to prevent liquid products from freezing in cold climates.

21. 2. Solvents Without solvents, a product will be very thick. But for other products, we want the liquid to pour out of the bottle.

22. 3. Enzymes Enzymes are powerful stain removing ingredients. Their power is to break down stains just like the enzymes in our digestive system help break down the food we eat. Enzymes are not living organisms but are created by naturally occurring microorganisms, like bacteria and fungi.

23. 4. Fragrances Fragrances are a group of ingredients that provide the cleaning product with a pleasant smell. They are not found in every product, and typically a very small amount can make a large difference in smell. In many cases, the fragrance is the driving factor for why someone decided to buy a specific product.

24. 5.Preservatives Just like it is important to prevent food from spoiling, cleaning products need to be preserved as well. Adding a small amount of a preservative protects the product from microorganism

25. 5.Preservatives A preservative is a substance that is added to a cleaning product in order to make it stable and safe for a longer period. Without a preservative, it is possible for bacteria or fungi to grow in the product.

26. 6. pH Adjusters Every cleaning product needs to be “balanced” to work well and to be safe for your skin. In order to do this, chemists use pH adjusters to make sure the product is balanced and safe for you to use. The amount used depends on the other ingredients in the formula.

27. 6. pH Adjusters pH is a measure of how acidic (like lemon juice) or basic (like baking soda) a solution is. One way to measure this is by using the pH scale. The pH scale is read from 0 to 14 and tells us if a solution is acidic or basic. Pure water has a pH of 7, which means it’s neutral

28. 7.Dye There are several other ingredients used in cleaning products that help create a unique experience. For example, dye can be used to give a product color.

29. 8. Thickener Thickeners give soap the proper viscosity (thickness), making sure it can still flow out of a bottle. Can you imagine trying to wash your hands with a soap that feels like water? It would run right off your skin!

30. 9. Foam Enhancer Foam Enhancers help create suds or bubbles. While not necessary for effective cleaning, many people feel bubbles show that a product is working.

31. 10. Antibacterial or Disinfecting Ingredients Cleaning washes away germs with any dirt and soil that is removed, but a further reduction of germs can be achieved by using additional ingredients that will kill germs

32. Learning Task: I Know It! Directions : Look for 5 cleaning products used at home and answer the following questions. 1. Identify common active ingredients in household cleaning products used at home. 2. Give the use of the other ingredients in cleaning agents. 3. Analyze the environmental and health impacts of different active ingredients in household cleaning products.