Active Transport : Primary and secondary transport ppt.pptx

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Primary and secondary transport
Sodium glucose transporter
Potassium Pump

1. Active transport: Primary Active transport and secondary active transport Mr Khan M.Sc (microbiology) Session 2023-25

2. Active transport Molecules move against the low concentration to high concentration. It requires energy. Exhibit saturation kinetics.

3. Types of active transport Active transport is divided into two types . Primary Active Transport Secondary Active Transport

4. Primary Active transport • It is also called direct active transport because directly uses metabolism energy (ATPs) to transport molecules across a membrane. • Na+ , K+ ,Ca2+ ions transport by Primary active transport. • Sodium potassium Pump • Calcium Pump • Hydrogen Pump • Hydrogen / Proton Pump

5. Secondary Active transport It is also known as coupled transport and cotransport. In secondary active transport, there is no directly coupling of ATP. But it depend upon the electrochemical potential difference created by pumping of ions in/out of the cell . Best example of secondary active transport – Sodium glucose transporters

6. Sodium Glucose transporters Cotransporters are a family of glucose transporter found in the small intestine. Firstly Na+/K+ ATPase pumps out 3 sodium ions and bringing in 2 potassium ions. This action creates a downhill sodium ion gradient inside the cell wall. Sodium-glucose transporters uses sodium ion gradient created by Na+/K+ ATPase pump to transport glucose across the membrane.

7. Sodium potassium pump Sodium potassium pump also known as Na+/K+ -ATPase is an enzyme found in the plasma membrane of all animal cells. The Na+/K+ -ATPase enzyme is a ion pump . That pumps out 3 Na+ ions from cells while pumping 2 Ka + into cells, both against their concentration gradient. This pump is called a P-type ion pump . Because the ATP interactions phosphorylate the transport protein and causes a change in its confirmation. This pumping is active (i.e. It uses energy from ATP) and is important for cell physiology. It has antiporter like activity, but it is not a true antiporter.

8. FUNCTIONS • Maintains volume of the cell. • Essential for oxygen utilisation by the kidneys. • Causes negative electrical charge inside the cell- electrogenic pump. • Maintain sodium potassium concentration difference across the cell membrane.

9. Mechanism of sodium potassium pump When the protein binds 3 Na+ ions on the inside of the cell and becomes phosphorylated. Due to phosphorylation it shifts from the E1 confirmation to the E2 confirmation.

10. Thank you 😊