ActiveAssailantRevised1113.ppt for ressponse

Active shooter

1. 11
Active AssailantActive Assailant

2. 22
Performance ObjectivesPerformance Objectives
By the end of this training, you will be able to:By the end of this training, you will be able to:
1.1.Describe two past Active Assailant incidents Describe two past Active Assailant incidents
and their outcomeand their outcome
2.2.Explain how past Active Assailant incidents Explain how past Active Assailant incidents
led to current law enforcement policies led to current law enforcement policies
regarding Active Assailant responseregarding Active Assailant response
3.3.Define Active AssailantDefine Active Assailant
4.4.Describe characteristics of an Active AssailantDescribe characteristics of an Active Assailant
5.5.Explain how Active Assailant deployment Explain how Active Assailant deployment
differs from the deployment needed at a differs from the deployment needed at a
hostage/barricade situationhostage/barricade situation

3. 33
Performance Objectives Performance Objectives
6.6.Define the primary objective of response Define the primary objective of response
to Active Assailantto Active Assailant
7.7.Identify who can initiate an Active Identify who can initiate an Active
Assailant deploymentAssailant deployment
8.8.Name intelligence sources when initiating Name intelligence sources when initiating
Active Assailant deploymentActive Assailant deployment
9.9.Explain importance of Incident Command Explain importance of Incident Command
SystemSystem
10.10.Explain the role and function EMS plays in Explain the role and function EMS plays in
response to Active Assailantresponse to Active Assailant

4. 44
Performance Objectives Performance Objectives
11.11.Identify tactical considerations for off-Identify tactical considerations for off-
duty/plainclothes officers during Active duty/plainclothes officers during Active
Assailant incidentsAssailant incidents
12.12.Identify tactical considerations when Identify tactical considerations when
executing Active Assailant deploymentexecuting Active Assailant deployment
13.13.Explain the importance of initiating Explain the importance of initiating
SWAT/Tactical Team responseSWAT/Tactical Team response

5. 55
Performance Objectives Performance Objectives
14.14.Define Element positions and Define Element positions and
responsibility of each positionresponsibility of each position
15.15.Explain when to cease Active Assailant Explain when to cease Active Assailant
deployment & switch to building clearing deployment & switch to building clearing
by responding officers or SWATby responding officers or SWAT
16.16.Demonstrate the ability to properly Demonstrate the ability to properly
complete the skills exercises inclusive of complete the skills exercises inclusive of
three, four and five officer movement and three, four and five officer movement and
clearing techniquesclearing techniques

6. 66
OverviewOverview
Growing trend of mass violence by Growing trend of mass violence by
individualsindividuals
May not be “shooter” – hence the change May not be “shooter” – hence the change
to “assailant”to “assailant”
Traditional containment & negotiation not Traditional containment & negotiation not
appropriate tactic in these incidentsappropriate tactic in these incidents
Shift in tactics providing authority & Shift in tactics providing authority &
capability to respond prior to SWAT arrivalcapability to respond prior to SWAT arrival

7. 77
School ShootingsSchool Shootings
• Not a New Phenomenon
• Disagreements Settled With Weapons
• 1960’s Survey of School Problems
• No Geographic Region is Excluded
About School Shootings

8. 88
JULY 26, 1764
“The Enoch Brown School Massacre”
Franklin County, Pennsylvania
Nine children were killed
EARLIEST RECORDED SCHOOL
KILLINGS

9. 99
School Shootings & Stabbings 1996 - School Shootings & Stabbings 1996 -
20062006

10. 1010
University of Texas at Austin
August 1, 1966
Former Marine, barricaded
self in
University’s 27 – story
tower
Charles Whitman killed his
mother & wife the night
before
Whitman killed 14 people
and wounded 30

11. 1111
Dunblane, Scotland Dunblane, Scotland
March 13, 1996March 13, 1996
Anxious parents await word of their
children – 15 of whom, ages 5 and 6, were
slain, along with their teacher, in less than
3 minutes. Their murderer, 43-year-old
Thomas Hamilton, committed suicide at
the scene.

12. 1212
Springfield, Oregon – May 20, 1998Springfield, Oregon – May 20, 1998
15-year-old Kip Kinkel bragged to 15-year-old Kip Kinkel bragged to
fellow students about torturing fellow students about torturing
animals (he had cut the heads off animals (he had cut the heads off
cats and mounted them on sticks, cats and mounted them on sticks,
mutilated a cow, bragged about mutilated a cow, bragged about
killing small animals and of stuffing killing small animals and of stuffing
lighted firecrackers in cats' mouths.) lighted firecrackers in cats' mouths.)
He also had a fascination with guns He also had a fascination with guns
and a quick temper that led him to be and a quick temper that led him to be
expelled from school twice in one expelled from school twice in one
week for acts of violence against week for acts of violence against
fellow students. His classmates fellow students. His classmates
voted him "Most Likely to Start voted him "Most Likely to Start
World War III.”World War III.”
He said that “War would begin on He said that “War would begin on
5/20/98.”5/20/98.”
Kip’s parents

13. 1313
At 3:30 PM, he shot his father in the back At 3:30 PM, he shot his father in the back
of of his head in the kitchen of their homehis head in the kitchen of their home
At 6:00 PM, he shot his mother twice in At 6:00 PM, he shot his mother twice in
the head and once in the heart as she the head and once in the heart as she
arrived arrived homehome
On the morning of May 21, he drove his On the morning of May 21, he drove his
mother’s car to school with four weapon mother’s car to school with four weapon
and 1,127 rounds of ammoand 1,127 rounds of ammo
2 dead and 22 wounded2 dead and 22 wounded
Springfield, Oregon - May 20, 1998Springfield, Oregon - May 20, 1998

14. 1414
Columbine High School, Columbine High School,
Littleton, CO 4/20/1999Littleton, CO 4/20/1999
Eric Harris, Dylan KleboldEric Harris, Dylan Klebold
They fired a total of 37
12 gauge rounds, 151 - 9mm
rounds, exploded 30 bombs and
had another 46 unexploded
bombs.
Within the span of 16 minutes, the gunmen killed
13 people and wounded 21 others.

15. 1515

16. 1616
German School Mass Murder April German School Mass Murder April
26, 200226, 2002
Eighteen people died when an
expelled former student went
on a shooting spree at his
school in the eastern German
city of Erfurt. Masked and
dressed in black, the gunman
walked through classrooms
killing 14 teachers, two
schoolgirls and one of the first
policemen on the scene before
taking his own life.
A student’s note
pleading for “Help”

17. 1717
Reno, Nevada – March 14, 2006Reno, Nevada – March 14, 2006
Eighth Grader James Eighth Grader James
Newman shoots two Newman shoots two
classmates with handgun classmates with handgun
outside cafeteriaoutside cafeteria
Teacher coaxes him to drop Teacher coaxes him to drop
gun and “bear hugs” him gun and “bear hugs” him
until police take him into until police take him into
custodycustody

18. 1818
U.S. School ShootingsU.S. School Shootings
45 major U.S. school shootings in last 10 years 45 major U.S. school shootings in last 10 years
(1997-2007)(1997-2007)
36 shootings in the eight years since Columbine HS 36 shootings in the eight years since Columbine HS
(1999)(1999)
12 shootings this school year alone (2006-2007)12 shootings this school year alone (2006-2007)
VA Tech – April 2007, highest VA Tech – April 2007, highest number of victims number of victims
of murder by firearm by one person at one time of murder by firearm by one person at one time
(mass murder) in U.S. history(mass murder) in U.S. history

19. 1919
Salt Lake City, Utah - February 12, 2007Salt Lake City, Utah - February 12, 2007
Sulejman Talović enters Trolley Sulejman Talović enters Trolley
Square mall armed with a shotgun, Square mall armed with a shotgun,
handgun and a backpack full of handgun and a backpack full of
ammunition.ammunition.

Killed five and wounded at least Killed five and wounded at least
four.four.
Ogden Police Officer Kenneth Ogden Police Officer Kenneth
Hammond off-duty in mall with his Hammond off-duty in mall with his
wife, exchanges shots with assailant wife, exchanges shots with assailant
until on-duty officers arrive. until on-duty officers arrive.
Officers shoot and kill assailant.Officers shoot and kill assailant.

20. 2020
Blacksburg, Virginia - 4/16/07Blacksburg, Virginia - 4/16/07
23-yr-old - VA TEC Student, Sun-Kyung Cho23-yr-old - VA TEC Student, Sun-Kyung Cho
Shot and killed 32 people

21. 2121
VA Tech Victims…VA Tech Victims…

22. 2222
Active Assailant DefinedActive Assailant Defined
Armed person who has used deadly force Armed person who has used deadly force
on other persons and continues to do so on other persons and continues to do so
while having unrestricted access to while having unrestricted access to
additional victimsadditional victims
One or more persons randomly or One or more persons randomly or
systematically using deadly force on systematically using deadly force on
others and based on available intelligence others and based on available intelligence
will not stop aggressive hostile action will not stop aggressive hostile action
without immediate and direct law without immediate and direct law
enforcement interventionenforcement intervention

23. 2323
Common Characteristics - Active AssailantsCommon Characteristics - Active Assailants
Focus on assaulting persons with whom they Focus on assaulting persons with whom they
come into contactcome into contact
Intention is usually an expression of hatred or Intention is usually an expression of hatred or
rage rather than committing a crimerage rather than committing a crime
Likely to engage more than one targetLikely to engage more than one target

High body count is the goalHigh body count is the goal
Presence not usually known until assault beginsPresence not usually known until assault begins
Often goes to locations where multiple victims Often goes to locations where multiple victims
are close at handare close at hand

Schools, theatres, concerts, shopping mallsSchools, theatres, concerts, shopping malls

May act as a sniper or engage multiple targets while on May act as a sniper or engage multiple targets while on
the movethe move

24. 2424
Common Characteristics - Active AssailantsCommon Characteristics - Active Assailants
Containment and negotiation, normally Containment and negotiation, normally
associated with standoff incidents may associated with standoff incidents may
not be usefulnot be useful
Often better armed than initial Often better armed than initial
responding responding officersofficers
May have planned attack to include May have planned attack to include
sustained confrontation with policesustained confrontation with police

Escape from police is usually not a priorityEscape from police is usually not a priority
May employ some type of diversionMay employ some type of diversion

25. 2525
Common Characteristics - Active AssailantsCommon Characteristics - Active Assailants
Usually suicidal, either by self-inflicted Usually suicidal, either by self-inflicted
wound or by “suicide by cop”wound or by “suicide by cop”
Some degree of familiarity with the Some degree of familiarity with the
location they choose for their attacklocation they choose for their attack
Event may turn from active to static and Event may turn from active to static and
back againback again

May become barricaded subject if access to May become barricaded subject if access to
victims is stoppedvictims is stopped

26. 2626
What is NOT an Active AssailantWhat is NOT an Active Assailant
Barricaded Suspect/Hostage TakerBarricaded Suspect/Hostage Taker

In a position of advantage, is armed, and has In a position of advantage, is armed, and has
displayed violencedisplayed violence

Suspect may or not be holding hostages and Suspect may or not be holding hostages and
there is no indication that suspect is causing there is no indication that suspect is causing
death or serious bodily injury. A STATIC death or serious bodily injury. A STATIC
SITUATIONSITUATION
Active Assailant deployment is NOT to be Active Assailant deployment is NOT to be
used in this situation or similar situationsused in this situation or similar situations

Traditional response (perimeter negotiation)Traditional response (perimeter negotiation)

27. 2727
Intelligence en RouteIntelligence en Route
Number of suspect(s)Number of suspect(s)
Number of victims/witnessesNumber of victims/witnesses
Size and location of eventSize and location of event
How reliable is the informationHow reliable is the information

28. 2828
Patrol Active Assailant DeploymentPatrol Active Assailant Deployment
Active Assailant incidents have common Active Assailant incidents have common
elements but each is sufficiently uniqueelements but each is sufficiently unique
These procedures are not meant to limit These procedures are not meant to limit
conventional police tacticsconventional police tactics

29. 2929
Primary ObjectivePrimary Objective
Save livesSave lives
Capture or neutralize the assailantCapture or neutralize the assailant
Deny access to additional victimsDeny access to additional victims

30. 3030
Who Can Initiate Deployment?Who Can Initiate Deployment?
One initial officer must take charge One initial officer must take charge
May be based on rank, expertise or May be based on rank, expertise or
seniority, but MUST BE MADE seniority, but MUST BE MADE
IMMEDIATELY IMMEDIATELY
May change to supervisor/commander May change to supervisor/commander
after briefingafter briefing

31. 3131
Intelligence/Situational AnalysisIntelligence/Situational Analysis
Continuously changes based on new Continuously changes based on new
infoinfo
Is this an Active Assailant event?Is this an Active Assailant event?
Is immediate intervention necessary?Is immediate intervention necessary?

32. 3232
SWAT/Tactical TeamsSWAT/Tactical Teams
SWAT must be activated immediately SWAT must be activated immediately
for effective response but officers at for effective response but officers at
the scene of an active assailant .the scene of an active assailant .
DO NOT WAIT for SWATDO NOT WAIT for SWAT

33. 3333
Incident CommandIncident Command
ICS leads to successful conclusionICS leads to successful conclusion
Do not initiate unplanned response without Do not initiate unplanned response without
control/command in placecontrol/command in place

At least one person with information on the tactical plan At least one person with information on the tactical plan
should remain at command post to briefshould remain at command post to brief

Command personnel must be on scene and fully briefed Command personnel must be on scene and fully briefed
before assuming incident commandbefore assuming incident command

Command personnel should anticipate media response Command personnel should anticipate media response
and identify an area for media to stageand identify an area for media to stage

Command personnel should anticipate crowds of Command personnel should anticipate crowds of
parents/relatives and have crown control/containment parents/relatives and have crown control/containment
planplan

34. 3434
Entry Team CompositionEntry Team Composition
First responder intervention will be based on First responder intervention will be based on
opportunity and sufficient resourcesopportunity and sufficient resources
Can be three, four or five man teamsCan be three, four or five man teams

How many officers are on team is based on availability How many officers are on team is based on availability
of resources, intelligence on suspect(s) and necessity of of resources, intelligence on suspect(s) and necessity of
immediate responseimmediate response

Larger team is more effective and safer for responding Larger team is more effective and safer for responding
officersofficers
Each Contact Team operates independently of Each Contact Team operates independently of
other teamsother teams

35. 3535
Entry Team CompositionEntry Team Composition
Communicate using plain English, easy to Communicate using plain English, easy to
understand terms (no 10 codes) – your understand terms (no 10 codes) – your
team may be made up of officers from team may be made up of officers from
different jurisdictionsdifferent jurisdictions
May become containment team if assailants May become containment team if assailants
dynamic actions cease or becomes a dynamic actions cease or becomes a
barricaded subjectbarricaded subject

36. 3636
Entry Team CompositionEntry Team Composition
Teams will have identified team leaderTeams will have identified team leader

Directs movementDirects movement

CommunicationsCommunications

Cover for entry officersCover for entry officers

37. 3737
Entry Team CompositionEntry Team Composition
Entry Officer(s)Entry Officer(s)

Enters and clears roomsEnters and clears rooms

Engages threats if present in roomEngages threats if present in room

Notifies team leader when clear and Notifies team leader when clear and
victim/civilian victim/civilian status status

38. 3838
Entry Team CompositionEntry Team Composition
BreacherBreacher

Opens doors for entry officer(s)Opens doors for entry officer(s)

If door is locked and there is not indication of If door is locked and there is not indication of
active assailant inside, bypass dooractive assailant inside, bypass door

If door is locked and there is active assailant If door is locked and there is active assailant
inside, you MUST breach that door – get in that inside, you MUST breach that door – get in that
room somehowroom somehow

Can be additional entry officers in a five man Can be additional entry officers in a five man
teamteam

39. 3939
Entry Team CompositionEntry Team Composition
Remember,Remember, assignment on team may assignment on team may
change at any time due to a variety of change at any time due to a variety of
factors, so officers must be familiar with factors, so officers must be familiar with
each position and its responsibilitieseach position and its responsibilities

40. 4040
3-Officer Element3-Officer Element
One COVER/REAR GUARDOne COVER/REAR GUARD
Two ENTRYTwo ENTRY

41. 4141
3-Officer Element – Closed Door Tactic3-Officer Element – Closed Door Tactic

Entry 1 will hold on the closed Entry 1 will hold on the closed
door.door.

Entry 2 will hold on the closed Entry 2 will hold on the closed
door.door.

Cover/Rear Guard will be called up Cover/Rear Guard will be called up
to breach the closed door. If to breach the closed door. If
needed, he can be called to assist needed, he can be called to assist
in room clearing.in room clearing.

42. 4242
4-Officer Element4-Officer Element
One COVER One COVER
Two ENTRY Two ENTRY
One BREACH/REAR GUARDOne BREACH/REAR GUARD

43. 4343
4-Officer – Closed Door Tactic4-Officer – Closed Door Tactic
Cover will pass the Cover will pass the
closed doorclosed door
Entry 1 will hold on Entry 1 will hold on
the closed doorthe closed door
Entry 2 will hold on Entry 2 will hold on
the closed doorthe closed door
Breach/Rear Guard Breach/Rear Guard
will be called up to will be called up to
breach the closed breach the closed
door. If needed, he door. If needed, he
can be called to assist can be called to assist
in room clearingin room clearing
INWARD
OUTWARD

44. 4444
4-Officer Element–Open Door Tactic4-Officer Element–Open Door Tactic
Cover officer will flank Cover officer will flank
either left or right, without either left or right, without
exposing himself to the exposing himself to the
open door.open door.
Entry officer will enter the Entry officer will enter the
open door.open door.
Entry officer will enter the Entry officer will enter the
open door.open door.
Breach/Rear Guard Breach Breach/Rear Guard Breach
officer will act as rear officer will act as rear
guard. If needed, he can guard. If needed, he can
be called to assist in room be called to assist in room
clearing.clearing.

45. 4545
5-Officer Element5-Officer Element
One COVEROne COVER
Two ENTRYTwo ENTRY
One BREACHOne BREACH
One REAR GUARDOne REAR GUARD

46. 4646
5-Officer Element-Closed Door5-Officer Element-Closed Door
Cover officer will pass Cover officer will pass
the closed doorthe closed door
Entry officers will hold Entry officers will hold
on the closed dooron the closed door
Breach officer will be Breach officer will be
the 3the 3
rdrd
entry officer entry officer
into the roominto the room
Rear guard will Rear guard will
provide cover to the provide cover to the
rear of the elementrear of the element
OUTWARDINWARD

47. 4747
Tactical ConsiderationsTactical Considerations
Things to expectThings to expect

Total pandemoniumTotal pandemonium

Frightened/confused victims who are not Frightened/confused victims who are not
responsive to officers’ direction (May grab onto responsive to officers’ direction (May grab onto
officers)officers)

Difficult radio communicationsDifficult radio communications

Fire alarm/sprinkler activationFire alarm/sprinkler activation

Suspicious packages/devices (IED)Suspicious packages/devices (IED)

Carnage – possibly of very young childrenCarnage – possibly of very young children

Armed citizens trying to “help”Armed citizens trying to “help”

Off-duty/plainclothes officersOff-duty/plainclothes officers

48. 4848
Off-duty Category III Officer Tactical Off-duty Category III Officer Tactical
ConsiderationsConsiderations
Contact 911 to initiate on-duty officer Contact 911 to initiate on-duty officer
responseresponse

Stay on line for real-time intelligenceStay on line for real-time intelligence
If challenged by a uniformed officer, they If challenged by a uniformed officer, they
are in charge. DO WHAT THEY SAYare in charge. DO WHAT THEY SAY
DO NOT JOIN ENTRY TEAMDO NOT JOIN ENTRY TEAM
Be an excellent eye witnessBe an excellent eye witness

49. 4949
Contact Team AssessmentContact Team Assessment
Communicate victim locations and Communicate victim locations and
conditions – prioritizeconditions – prioritize
Suspicious devices/Improvised Suspicious devices/Improvised
Explosive Device (IED) types and Explosive Device (IED) types and
locationslocations
Suspect location and descriptionSuspect location and description

50. 5050
Team Leader should assure that team:Team Leader should assure that team:
Moves with 360 degree coverageMoves with 360 degree coverage
Stops assailant(s)Stops assailant(s)
Limits movement of assailant(s)Limits movement of assailant(s)
Prevents assailant(s) escapePrevents assailant(s) escape
Continues past victimsContinues past victims
Continues past suspicious devices Continues past suspicious devices
Improvised Explosive when safe to do soImprovised Explosive when safe to do so

51. 5151
Theatres/Auditoriums/WarehousesTheatres/Auditoriums/Warehouses
Choose initial entry point(s) that provide the Choose initial entry point(s) that provide the
best overall view of the area, ideally from an best overall view of the area, ideally from an
elevated positionelevated position
Decide whether turning on overhead lights Decide whether turning on overhead lights
will be an advantage of disadvantagewill be an advantage of disadvantage
Recognize cross fire threatRecognize cross fire threat
Don’t overlook closets and storage areasDon’t overlook closets and storage areas

52. 5252
EMS ResponseEMS Response
Responsibility of coordination with EMS falls to Responsibility of coordination with EMS falls to
incident commander or designeeincident commander or designee
Create staging/triage area in cooperation with EMS Create staging/triage area in cooperation with EMS
commandcommand

Consider proximity to assailant and and available Consider proximity to assailant and and available
cover/concealmentcover/concealment

May be inside a building/room relatively close to May be inside a building/room relatively close to
assailantassailant

If extra protective equipment available, provide to EMS If extra protective equipment available, provide to EMS
personnelpersonnel

Law enforcement officer should be stationed in triage Law enforcement officer should be stationed in triage
area for security – assailant(s) may try to flee by leaving area for security – assailant(s) may try to flee by leaving
with victimswith victims

53. 5353
Ceasing Active Assailant DeploymentCeasing Active Assailant Deployment
Reasons for stopping immediate Reasons for stopping immediate
intervention:intervention:

Neutralization/capture of suspectNeutralization/capture of suspect

Becomes barricaded suspectBecomes barricaded suspect
If suspect is taken into custodyIf suspect is taken into custody

Secure suspect & take back to Rescue TeamSecure suspect & take back to Rescue Team

Contact team starts building searchContact team starts building search

If there is another active assailant, leave one If there is another active assailant, leave one
Contact Team member with suspect while Contact Team member with suspect while
remainder of team resumes searchremainder of team resumes search

54. 5454
Change over to building searchChange over to building search
If SWAT is on scene, they should take If SWAT is on scene, they should take
command of building clearingcommand of building clearing
If first responders are clearing building, If first responders are clearing building,
use established building clearing use established building clearing
techniquestechniques
Remember before, during and after the Remember before, during and after the
incident, the area is a crime scene – may incident, the area is a crime scene – may
be very large and needs to be secured for be very large and needs to be secured for
investigative unitsinvestigative units

55. 5555
Room ClearingRoom Clearing
2-Officer
Areas of Responsibilities
2nd Officer
Areas of Responsibilities
1st Officer
Areas of Responsibilities

56. 5656
2-Officer
Areas of responsibilities
Overlapping
Room ClearingRoom Clearing

57. 5757
Room ClearingRoom Clearing
3-Officer
Areas of Responsibilities

58. 5858
3-Officer
Areas of responsibilities
Overlapping
Room Clearing

59. 5959
SummarySummary
Suspect(s) begin to shoot at people without Suspect(s) begin to shoot at people without
warningwarning
Active Assailants are likely to continue to use Active Assailants are likely to continue to use
deadly physical force until intervention occurs or deadly physical force until intervention occurs or
until the shooter decides to stopuntil the shooter decides to stop
Active Assailant concept represents a shift in Active Assailant concept represents a shift in
patrol response tactics, equipment needs, and patrol response tactics, equipment needs, and
command protocolcommand protocol
These situations require the initial police These situations require the initial police
responders arriving on the scene to have the responders arriving on the scene to have the
authority and the capability to take action without authority and the capability to take action without
waiting for command staff or for the arrival of waiting for command staff or for the arrival of
specialty unitsspecialty units

60. 6060
SummarySummary
If you witness an active assailant incident, If you witness an active assailant incident,
call 911call 911
Stay on the line and provide IntelStay on the line and provide Intel
Be an excellent eye witnessBe an excellent eye witness
Follow all directions from uniformed staffFollow all directions from uniformed staff
Do not join the entry teamDo not join the entry team