Activity planning.ppt

AP

1. Chapter 6
Activity Planning

2. Effort estimation
◦For whole project
◦For individual activity
Detailed plan
◦Starting of each activity
◦End of each activity
◦Risks
2

3. Project VsActivity
A project is composed of a number of
related activities
A project may start when at least one
of its activities is ready to start
A project will be completed when all of
its activities have been completed
3

4. Cont…
An activity should have a duration that
can be forecasted
An activity must have a clear start and
a clear stop
Some activities may require the time
that other activities are completed
before they can begin
4

5. Activity Planning
A project plan is aschedule of
activities indicating the start and stop
for each activity
◦Also provide the project and resource
schedules
5

6. Cont…
During planning, managers consider:
◦Resource availability
◦Resource allocation
◦Staff responsibility
◦Project Monitoring
◦Cash flow forecasting
◦Re-planning of the project towards the
pre-defined goal
6

7. Objectivesof Activity Planning
Feasibility assessment
◦Time and resource constraints
Resource allocation
◦Timescale and resource availability
Detailed costing
◦Cost and their timing
Motivation
Co-ordination
7

8. When to plan
During feasibility study and project
start-up
◦Resource availability
◦Cash flow control

9. Different Levels of Plans
Project Schedule: a plan that shows
◦What are activities
◦Order of activities
◦Dates when each activity should start and
stop
◦When and how much of the resources will
be required
Activity Plan: a plan that describes
◦how each activity will be undertaken
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10. ACTIVITY NETWORKS
10

11. Planning and Scheduling the
Activities
Once we have a project plan (or,
project schedule), we need to
schedule the activities in a project
taking into account the resource
constraints
11

12. Network Planning Model
Time flows from
◦Left to Right
Simple sequencing
◦Suitable for small projects
CPM(Critical Path Method)
PERT(Program Evaluation Review
Technique)
AOA
Precedence Network
◦AON

13. Simple sequencing
13

14. CPM Network
A project network should have only one start
node
A project network should have only one end
node
A link have duration
Nodes has no duration
Precedents are immediate preceding
activities
Time moves from Left to Right
Nodes are numbered sequentially
A network may not contain loops
◦Leads to an impossible sequence
A network should not contain dangles

15. CPM Convention
Event
Number
Earliest
date
Slack
Latest
date

16. Example to construct a CPM
Id.Activity Name Duration(weeks)Precedents
AHardwareselection 7
BSoftware design 4
CHardwareInstallation 6 A
DCoding 4 B
EData Preparation 5 B
FUser Documentation 9
GUser Training 5 E,F
HSystem Installation 3 C,D
16

17. Cont…
1
0
00
2
0
77
3
2
64
4
0
1313
5
2
119
6
0
1616
A=7
B=4 D=4
C=6
H=3
F=9 G=5
E=5

18. Cont…
1
0
00
2
0
77
3
2
64
4
0
1313
5
2
119
6
0
1616
A=7
B=4 D=4
C=6
H=3
F=9 G=5
E=5

19. Critical Path
Any delay in critical path delays the
project
Slack= difference between earliest
and latest dates
Any event with slack 0 is critical.
◦Path joining these events is critical path
Activity float
◦Float=difference in earliest finish and it’s
latest start

20. Adding the time dimension
Critical path approach is concerned
with:
◦Project completed as quickly as possible
◦Identifying activities leads to delay project
or later activities start date, if delayed.
Forward pass
◦Earliest dates of activities
Backward pass
◦Latest start dates and the critical path

21. Activity Float
Time allowed for an activity to delay
3 different types:
◦Total float(no delay in project end date)
= |latest start date –earliest start date|
◦Free float(delay without affecting subsequent
activity)
= |earliest completion date of activity –earliest
start date of succeeding activity|
◦Interfering float = |total float -free float|
21

22. Cont…
Loop representing impossible
sequencing
Code Program
Test Program
Release
Program
Correct Error
Diagnose Errors

23. Cont…
Dangling activities indicate errors in
logic
Write User Manual
Design
Program
Test ProgramCode
Program
Install Program

24. Cont…
Solution is:
◦Remove dangle activities
◦If that is a part of project => re-draw the
network
Write User Manual
Design
Program
Test ProgramCode
Program
Install Program

25. Cont…
Lagged Activities
Build PrototypeTest Prototype
Revise
Specifications
Document
amendments
Starts 1 after Test
Ends 2 day after Test

26. Cont…
Dummy activities

27. Activity on Node Representation

28. Example
Id.Activity Name Duration(weeks)Precedents
AHardwareselection 7
BSoftware design 4
CHardwareInstallation 6 A
DCoding 4 B
EData Preparation 5 B
FUser Documentation 9
GUser Training 5 E,F
HSystem Installation 3 C,D
28

30. Activity on Node
Activity label, activity description
Earliest startDurationEarliest finish
Latest start Float Latest finish

31. B
0 4 W 4
C
7 6 W 13
F
0 9 W 9
A
0 7 w 7
D
4 4 W 8
E
4 5 W 9
H
133 W 16
G
9 5 W 14
Finis
h
Star
t

32. B
0 4 W 4
2 2 6
C
7 6 W 13
7 0 13
F
0 9 W 9
2 2 11
A
0 7 w 7
0 0 7
D
4 4 W 8
9 5 13
E
4 5 W 9
6 2 11
H
133 W 16
13 0 16
G
9 5 W 13
11 3 16
Finis
h
Star
t

33. Significance of critical path
During planning stage
◦Shortening the critical path will reduce the
overall project duration
During management stage
◦Pay more attention to those activities
which fall in the critical path
33