Acute Dacryocystitis etiology pathogenesis anatomy treatment

Acute_Dacryocystitis_Presentation.pptx

1. Acute Dacryocystitis (Phlegmon of the Lacrimal Sac) Clinical Overview Prepared by: [Your Name] Institution: [Your Institution] Date: [Date]

2. Definition & Anatomy • Acute infection and inflammation of the lacrimal sac due to obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct. • Anatomy involved: Lacrimal sac, canaliculi, nasolacrimal duct. • Common pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, H. influenzae.

3. Etiology & Risk Factors • Causes: - Nasolacrimal duct obstruction (congenital or acquired) - Trauma, nasal or sinus disease - Chronic dacryocystitis with secondary infection • Predisposing factors: Female gender, middle age, chronic rhinitis/sinusitis.

4. Clinical Features • Pain, redness, and swelling over medial canthus • Tearing and discharge • Tender, tense swelling below medial canthal tendon • Possible abscess or fistula formation in advanced cases.

5. Diagnosis & Differential • Diagnosis: Clinical, with culture if discharge present • Investigations: - Lacrimal syringing (contraindicated in acute phase) - Imaging (CT/Dacryocystography) if recurrent or atypical • Differential diagnoses: - Cellulitis, canaliculitis, nasal furuncle, orbital abscess.

6. Management & Complications • Treatment: - Systemic antibiotics (broad-spectrum initially) - Warm compresses - Incision and drainage if abscess forms - Definitive: Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) after acute phase • Complications: - Fistula, orbital cellulitis, septicemia, chronic dacryocystitis.