Acute Gastroenteritis and its types.pptx

Brief explanation of Acute Gastro and its further types

1. Acute Gastroenteritis

2. DEFINITION: Gastroenteritis is  inflammation of the stomach, small intestine, or large intestine, leading to a combination of abdominal pain, cramping, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea . Acute gastroenteritis usually lasts fewer than 14 days.   P ersistent gastroenteritis lasts between 14 and 30 days. C hronic gastroenteritis lasts more than 30 days.

3. SYMPTOMS: Watery, usually nonbloody diarrhea — bloody diarrhea usually means you have a different, more severe infection Nausea, vomiting or both Stomach cramps and pain Occasional muscle aches or headache Low-grade fever Because of diarrhea and vomiting, one can also can become dehydrated. S igns of dehydration are   dry skin ,   dry mouth , lightheadedness and being really thirsty .  Evidence of Severe dehydration: Tachycardia Hypotension

4. PATHOGENESIS: Modes of infection Foodborne (toxin accumulation in food products) Fecal-oral (bacterial contamination) Direct or indirect animal transmission

5. DIARRHEA: D iarrhea is defined as  the passage of 3 or more loose or liquid stools per day, or more frequently than is normal for the individual . It is usually a symptom of gastrointestinal infection, which can be caused by a variety of bacterial, viral and parasitic organisms. There are three clinical types of diarrhea, each with its specific treatments: Acute watery diarrhea, which may last several hours or days, and includes cholera. Acute bloody diarrhea, also called dysentery. Persistent diarrhea, lasting 14 days or longer.

6. GRADES OF diarrhea:

7. TYPES OF DIARRHEA: OSMOTIC DIARRHEA: Osmotic diarrhea occurs when you eat substances that can’t be absorbed. Ingredients that often cause osmotic diarrhea include: lactose , found in dairy products artificial sweeteners, such as  aspartame  and saccharine some carbohydrates found in  fruit juices

8. Osmotic diarrhea can also be a side effect of medications and medical treatments including: certain antibiotics certain  blood pressure medication laxatives  t hat contain  sodium phosphate , magnesium sulfate, and magnesium phosphate chemotherapy high-dose  radiation therapy gallbladder removal

9. Treatment of Osmotic diarrhea: Osmotic diarrhea often lasts a few days. It generally responds to simple home treatments including diet adjustment and over-the-counter (OTC) medications such as : loperamide (Imodium), bismuth subsalicylate ( Kaopectate ,   Pepto-Bismol ).

10. SECRETORY DIARRHEA: Secretory diarrhea occurs when too much water is secreted in the small intestinal lumen for the body to absorb. This type of diarrhea is also common among those infected with Vibrio cholerae, the organism responsible for the disease cholera.Some of the causes are: Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Tumors (VIPoma) are known to cause watery and loose stools. Medication for asthma and cardiovascular conditions. Antidepressants. Ingestion of arsenic and pesticides.  Endocrine causes of chronic secretory diarrhea include Addison disease, carcinoid tumors, vipoma , gastrinoma (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome), and mastocytosis .