Acute Stenosis of Larynx powerpoint presentation .ppt

Acute Stenosis of Larynx powerpoint presentation .ppt

1. Acute Stenosis of Larynx
By Suryansh Pandey
Group 1430

2. Acute Stenosis of Larynx
•AKA Laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) is a narrowing of the upper airway
between the larynx and the trachea. The upper airway is comprised of
the larynx, glottis, subglottic region, and trachea.

3. Four Stages Of Acute Stenosis of
Larynx
•Stage 1 in the subglottis or trachea, <1 cm in length.
•Stage 2 in the subglottis, >1 cm in length.
•Stage 3 in the subglottis and upper trachea.
•Stage 4 in the glottis with vocal cord fixation and paralysis.

4. Causes and Symptoms
Causes
•Infections, such as croup
or epiglottitis
•Inflammation due to
allergies or irritants, such
as smoke or chemical
fumes
•Trauma to the throat or
neck, such as from a car
accident or physical
assault
Symptoms
•Difficulty breathing or
shortness of breath
•Hoarseness or loss of
voice
•Stridor, a high-pitched
wheezing sound when
breathing in or out
•Coughing or gagging

5. Diagnosis
•The diagnosis of acute stenosis of larynx
involves a thorough evaluation of the
patient's medical history, physical
examination, and diagnostic tests. The
doctor will ask about the patient's
symptoms and medical history, and
perform a physical examination of the
throat and neck to look for signs of
inflammation, swelling, or other
abnormalities.
•Diagnostic tests that may be performed
include laryngoscopy, which involves using
a thin, flexible tube with a camera to
examine the larynx and vocal cords, and
imaging tests such as CT scans or MRI
scans to get a more detailed view of the
area. In some cases, a biopsy may also be
performed to help diagnose the underlying
cause of the stenosis.

6. Treatment
•The treatment of acute stenosis of larynx depends
on the severity of the condition and the underlying
cause. In some cases, the stenosis may resolve on
its own with rest and conservative management,
such as voice rest, hydration, and avoiding
irritants like smoke or pollution.
•In more severe cases, treatment may involve
medications to reduce inflammation and swelling,
such as corticosteroids or antibiotics if there is an
infection present. In some cases, surgery may be
necessary to remove any obstructions or correct
structural abnormalities in the larynx.
•In addition to medical treatment, patients may
also benefit from speech therapy or other
rehabilitation services to help improve their vocal
function and manage any complications that may
arise from the stenosis.

7. Complications
•Respiratory distress, which can be severe and
require emergency intervention.
•Pneumonia, which can develop due to
aspiration of food or fluids into the lungs
during breathing difficulties.
•Cardiac arrest, which can occur in severe
cases due to lack of oxygen to the heart and
brain.

8. Prevention
•Practicing good hand hygiene by washing
hands frequently with soap and water or
using alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
•Avoiding close contact with people who have
respiratory infections.
•Getting vaccinated against respiratory
infections such as influenza and
pneumococcal disease.

9. Management
•Administering oxygen therapy to help the
patient breathe more easily.
•Administering medications such as
corticosteroids, antibiotics, or antifungal drugs
depending on the underlying cause of the
condition.
•Performing a tracheostomy, which involves
creating an opening in the neck to insert a tube
into the windpipe to help the patient breathe.
•In some cases, surgery may be required to
remove any obstructions in the airway that are
causing the stenosis. It is important to seek
prompt medical attention if you or someone
you know is experiencing symptoms of acute
stenosis of the larynx to prevent complications
and ensure proper management.