ADAM'S QUEST - Exploring the cause of seafloor spreading

Strategic intervention Material in science

1. ADAM'S STRATEGIC INTERVENTION MATERIAL GRADE 10 SCIENCE :Searching for a Possible Cause of Plate Movements

2. LEARNING COMPETENCIES TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGES GUIDE KEY CARD ACTIVITY KEY CARD EVALUATION KEY CARD ENRICHMENT KEY CARD ANSWER KEY CARD REFERNCE KEY CARD

3. demonstrate an understanding of the relationship among the locations of volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and mountain ranges demonstrate ways to ensure disaster preparedness during earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions PERFORMANCE STANDARD describe the possible causes of plate movement (S10ES - Ia-j36.5) LMS - MOST ESSENTIAL LEANING COMPETENCIES LEARNING COMPETENCIES CONTENT STANDARD Affective Realize the importance of ridge push and slab pull in shaping the world we live in.. Hello Adventurer, I'm Dare, I am here to help you follow the footsteps of Adam and embark on an adventure across mantle plumes, ridge push, and convection currents in magma to reach a treasure box and understand the possible cause of plate movements. at the end of the journey you are expected to SPECIFIC OBJECTIES Cognitive Discuss how ridge push and slab pull cause plate movement. y Psychomotor Explain the difference between ridge push and slab pull.

4. Here are the KEY CARDS. This is your key to a successful journey. Familiarize each and treasure is within your reach GUIDE KEY CARD ACTVITY KEY CARD ASSESSMENT KEY CARD ENRICHMENT KEY CARD ANSWER KEY CARD REFERENCE KEY CARD This key contains a great treasure of concepts that you need to learn in answering the activities These key cards hold different task for you to apply and enjoy the concepts from the guide card To evaluate your learning and realization in following Adam's journey, this key card is what you need. To enhance your understanding about the concept this key is a must have. This will serves as your key to correction for your activities, assessment and enrichment for you to check your work To have additional information regarding the topic, this card will give you references of books and websites GUIDE KEY CARD

5. GUIDE KEY CARD Convection currents in the mantle: The Earth's mantle is made up of hot, semi-solid rock that can flow like a fluid over long periods of time. As heat rises from the Earth's core, it creates convection currents that cause the mantle to move and push the plates on the surface. Mantle plumes: Mantle plumes are upwellings of abnormally hot rock within the Earth's mantle that can cause melting and volcanic activity on the surface like hotspot. As these plumes rise, they can push the overlying plates and cause them to move. Knowing your destination is crucial for ensuring a safe and successful journey. For this reason you should keep in mind the following information The movement of plates on the Earth's surface is caused by a variety of factors, including:

6. GUIDE KEY CARD T he force of the ridge push is then transferred along the oceanic plate, causing the seafloor to move away from the mid-ocean ridge. This process of seafloor spreading is responsible for the gradual widening of the ocean basins, as new crust is added to the edges of the plates. It is also a key part of plate tectonic theory, which explains how the Earth's lithosphere is divided into plates that move and interact with each other over time. Slab pull is a geophysical mechanism whereby the cooling and subsequent densifying of a subducting tectonic plate produces a downward force along the rest of the plate. Ridge push: At mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed, magma rises to the surface and cools to form new crust. As this new crust forms, it pushes older crust away from the ridge, creating a force that moves the plates. These processes are interrelated and can work together to cause the movement of plates. The movement of plates can lead to various geological phenomena, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the formation of mountain ranges.

7. GUIDE KEY CARD As the oceanic crust is formed, it can create a variety of landforms on the seafloor. Here are some examples: Trench: are long, narrow depressions on the seafloor. These chasms are the deepest parts of the ocean—and some of the deepest natural spots on Earth. Seamount: a large submarine landform that rises from the ocean floor without reaching the water surface, and thus is not an island, islet, or cliff-rock. Seamounts are typically formed from extinct volcanoes Mid-ocean ridges: These are long, underwater mountain chains that mark the boundary between two tectonic plates that are spreading apart. Rift Valley : are formed as a result of the pulling apart of the lithosphere due to extensional tectonics. The linear depression may subsequently be further deepened by the forces of erosion.

8. You are about to start your quest with Adam. Always read and follow each directions carefully. Good luck. ACTIVITY KEY CARD Once upon a time, there was an adventurer named Adam who had always been fascinated by the Earth's geological wonders. Adam dreamed of exploring the world and discovering the treasures hidden beneath its surface. PART I - GETTING READY DIRECTIONS: Gear up for your journey. Find 10 words in the jungle and familiarize them. This will be your advantage among men.

9. His journey began at a location where he could observe the effects of mantle plumes. He recalled that mantle plumes are 1. _________________.__ _____________________ These mechanism move plates by 2. _______________________________ _____________________________. He knew that he would have to be careful and stay alert if he wanted to avoid the dangers of the plumes Next, Adam encountered a region where the movement of plates was caused by convection currents in magma . It is a 3.________________ _____________________________ This moves plates by 4.__________ _____________________________ As he moved across the molten terrain, he felt the intense heat emanating from below. He could hear the rumbling of the magma as it flowed beneath his feet One day, Adam decided to embark on an adventure across the Earth's crust to find a treasure box that was rumored to contain explanation of the possible reason of plate movement. However, getting to the treasure box would not be easy. He knew that he would have to navigate through treacherous terrain and overcome numerous obstacles to reach his goal. PART II - WALK THROUGH FIRE DIRECTIONS: Help Adam with his quest towards a great treasure and understand the possible cause of plate movements by filling (write or type) the missing information of his journey. Use the concepts that you've learned from the GUIDE KEY CARD ACTIVITY KEY CARD

10. After a long and perilous journey across mantle plumes, ridge push, and convection currents in magma he can finally see the location of the treasure box Adam continued his journey across the terrain that had been formed by plate movements. These landforms are 6. _____________, 7. _________, and 8. ___________. Sea floor also spread because of driving force of Ridge push, 9.____________, and 10. ____________. As he traveled, he encountered many challenges and obstacles, but he persisted, driven by the hope of finally reaching the treasure box. Finally, Adam made his way to a ridge push region where the movement of plates was caused by 5. ___________________________ __________________________________________. As he approached the edge of a ridge, he could feel the force of the pushing plates beneath his feet. With a deep breath, Adam plunged forward, determined to reach the other side. ACTIVITY KEY CARD

11. This push is caused by gravitational force, and it exists because the ridge occurs at a higher elevation than the rest of the ocean floor However, his journey was suddenly interrupted when he stumbled upon a fearsome dragon, blocking his path. Adam drew his sword and prepared for battle, ready to defend himself against the beast. PART III - FLY LIKE DRAGON Directions: Adam needs your knowledge about the cause of plate movement based of seafloor spreading in order to defeat the dragon. Write the word to its corresponding meaning 2. Is a buoyant mass of material in the mantle, which rises because of its buoyancy. 3. Heated mantle material is shown rising from deep inside the mantle, while cooler mantle material sinks, creating a convection current. 4. Geophysical mechanism whereby the cooling and subsequent densifying of a subducting tectonic plate produces a downward force along the rest of the plate. 5. Geologic process in which tectonic plates—large slabs of Earth's lithosphere—split apart from each other. ACTIVITY KEY CARD

12. 3. Stay informed about the weather and other potential hazards in your area by monitoring the news and local authorities. As they fought, Adam soon realized that the dragon was not attacking him out of malice, but was instead fiercely protecting a clutch of dragon eggs. It was then that Adam realized that the dragon was not his enemy, but was only protecting its young. Feeling remorse for his actions, Adam lowered his sword and approached the dragon with an offering of food. The dragon, sensing his good intentions and warn him that eruption, earthquake, and landslide caused by plate movements is common in the area that is why it is important to get prepared. PART IV - THE PROTECTOR Directions: Check "√" the corresponding box if the statement ensure disaster preparedness during earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions. Otherwise mark "X " 1. Prepare an emergency kit that includes items such as food, water, first aid supplies, a flashlight, batteries, a radio, and important documents. 2. Develop an emergency plan with your family that includes a meeting place, a communication plan, and evacuation routes. 4. Follow instructions from local authorities regarding cleanup, re-entry, and recovery efforts. 5. Learn about the natural disasters that are common in your area and the history of past disasters. This will help you better understand the risks and how to prepare for them ACTIVITY KEY CARD

13. Congratulation to your successful quest adventurer. Now its time to test your understanding and realization on the journey you have with Adam. After spending some time with the dragon, Adam learned that the treasure box he had been seeking was actually located in a nearby cave, and that the dragon had been keeping it safe all along. He realize that the real treasure is not the golds, jewels and diamonds but rather the journey and learning about wonders of the world. The end. EVALUATION KEY CARD DIRECTIONS: Choose the letter of the correct answer 1 . What is a mantle plume? A) A region where convection currents are weak B) A narrow band of high heat flow C) Hot rock that rises from the mantle D) A boundary where two lithospheric plates are sliding 2 . Which of the following statements about seafloor spreading is true? A) Two oceanic plates move away from each other. B) Two continental plates move towards each other. C) It occurs when a continental and oceanic plate collide. D) It occurs when a transform fault moves horizontally. 3. What is the main driving force behind plate tectonics? A) Ridge push B) Mantle plumes C) Convection currents D) All of the above 4. How do convection currents contribute to plate movement? A) They push the plates apart at divergent boundaries B) They pull the plates together at convergent boundaries C) They cause plates to slide past each other D) They transfer heat from the mantle to the surface, 5. Which of the following statements best describes the importance of plate movement in Earth's geology? A) Plate movement is irrelevant B) Plate movement is a minor factor that contributes to geological events. C) Plate movement plays a crucial role in shaping Earth's surface and causing geological phenomena. D) Plate movement only affects a small portion of the Earth's crust.

14. ENRICHMENT KEY CARD a large column of hot rock rising through the mantle. long, narrow depressions on the seafloor that form at the boundary of tectonic plates where one plate is pushed, or subducts, beneath another. geophysical mechanism whereby the cooling and subsequent densifying of a subducting tectonic plate produces a downward force along the rest of the plate. A geological attribute that comprises of a series of continuous elevations of mountains or hills _______ The result of differential heating. Lighter warm material rises while heavier cool material sinks. Part I - HOT HOT HOT Directions: Identify the different processes and landforms of seafloor spreading. Greetings, adventurer! It seems we cross paths once more. I'm aware of your yearning for excitement and amusement. Allow me to present something I have prepared just for you. Enjoy! 2.T M P 3. S P 4. R 5. C C

15. The oceanic crust spreads outwards, pushing the older crust away from the ridge. Sea floor spreading is a geologic process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity. The following are the sequence of event of seafloor spreading PART II - FLAMING ORDER Directions: Write/Type 1- 5 to correct the sequence of the following events of seafloor spreading. Magma rises to the surface at mid-ocean ridges Magma cools and solidifies, forming new oceanic crust. New oceanic crust moves away from the ridge, creating a divergent boundary. Older, denser oceanic crust is eventually subducted beneath the less dense continental crust, forming a trench and recycling the crust back into the mantle. This process of sea floor spreading is one of the key mechanisms that drives plate tectonics, the theory that the Earth's crust is made up of large, moving plates. ENRICHMENT KEY CARD

16. CONTENT AND ACTIVITY Cambridge Dictionary (2023) Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2023 https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/ridge Condie, K. (2022) " Earth as an Evolving Planetary System , Fourth Edition" Department of Earth and Environmental Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2019-0-00301-9 Kearey and Vine (1996). Global Tectonics (2ed), Blackwell Science Ltd. , Oxford Turcotte, D.L. Schubert, G. (2002). "Plate Tectonics". Geodynamics (2 ed.). Cambridge University Press . pp. 1–21. ISBN 0-521-66186-2 . Conrad, Clinton P.; Lithgow-Bertelloni, Carolina (2002-10-04). "How Mantle Slabs Drive Plate Tectonics". Science. 298 (5591): 207–209. Seafloor Spreading (2023). National Geographic Channel. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/seafloor-spreading/ Convection Currents (2023) Ocean Oasis Activity 4. https://www.sdnhm.org/oceanoasis/teachersguide/activity4.html#:~:text=Convection%20currents%20are%20the%20result,in%20the%20mantle%20of%20Earth. IMAGE AND DIAGRAM Convection Current Image https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Oceanic_spreading.svg/1024px-Oceanic_spreading.svg.png Mantle Plumes - https://www.dreamstime.com/mantle-plume-vector-illustration-labeled-explanation-magma-eruption-scheme-mantle-plumes-vector-illustration-labeled-explanation-image160043137 REFERENCE KEY CARD "Did you enjoy the activity? This was made possible because of the following sources and platform. Let us recognize their work.

17. Ridge (2023). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridge#cite_note-Nystuen1989a-1 Butterfly GIF - https://www.deviantart.com/rhythmlimes/art/Butterfly-Gif-because-I-got-fed-up-680851829 Rift valley Diagram - https://earthathome.org/hoe/plate-tectonics/ Guyot Diagram - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolution_Guyot Mid Ocean Ridge Digram - https://socratic.org/questions/how-is-lava-produced-at-a-mid-ocean-ridge Oceanic continental convergence - https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-middle-school-earth-science-flexbook-2.0/section/5.13/primary/lesson/ocean-continent-convergent-plate-boundaries-ms-es/ APPLICATION USED Activity key card Part I - https://app.nearpod.com/?pin=YJDVU Part II - https://forms.gle/664tjAGc1Uzv5Eft7 Part III - https://quizizz.com/join?gc=58474719 Part IV - https://quizizz.com/join?gc=09715935 Evaluation key card https://kahoot.it/challenge/04866466?challenge-id=ea62722b-9457- 4264-8eaf-cd01ced02e4f_1683593474303 Enrichment key card Part I - https://frm.tv/join/H5QZKK Part II - https://frm.tv/join/AUYPAE REFERENCE KEY CARD

18. PART IV- THE PROTECTOR 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. PART I - GETTING READY IN ANY ORDER Slab pull, Earthquake, Convection current, Ridge push, Volcano, Seafloor Spreading, Lithosphere, Mantle Plume, Mountain Range PART II - WALK THROUGH FIRE Main Idea Upwellings of abnormally hot rock within the Earth's mantle Pushing the overlying plates and causing plates to move. A semi-solid rock that can flow like a fluid over long periods of time. Pushing the plates on the surface. Forming new crust, and pushes older crust away from the ridge, creating a force that moves the plates. 6 - 8 In Any order Volcanoes, Trenches, Ridge, Mountain ranges, and Seamounts 9 - 10 In Any order - Convection current in the mantle - Mantle plumes ANSWER KEY CARD ACTIVITY KEY CARD EVALUATION KEY CARD C A D D B ENRICHMENT KEY CARD PART I - HOT HOT HOT Mantle Plume Trench Slab Pull Ridge Convection CUrrent PART II - FLAMING ORDER 4 2 3 5 1 PART III - FLY LIKE DRAGONS Ridge Push Mantle Plumes Convection Currents Slab pull Seafloor Spreading