adarsh.pptx about mining and mine surveying

Mining and Mine surveying

1. BASIC MINING METHODS Coal seams can be mined both by underground method and surface mining method depending on certain condition. These are as follows:- 1)Thickness and dip of seam 2)Depth of occurrence 3)The ratio of overburden to coal etc.

2. TYPES OF MINING METHODS There are basically two type of mining method commonly used. These are 1)Surface Mining Method 2)Underground Mining Method

3. SURFACE MINING METHOD When the extraction of coal or ore body is done by removing the upper alluvium or soil which is known as overburden, these method is known as opencast mining. Types of opencast mining:- 1)Opencast Mining 2) Openpit Mining 3)Strip Mining 4)Quarrying

4. UNDERGROUND MINING METHOD When the depth of coal seam or ore body is beyond the limit of extraction then through a system of access (shaft or incline) the production is carried out is known as underground mining. Underground mining method is adopted when the depth of coal seam or ore body is more than 275 meters.

5. TYPE OF UNDER GROUND MINING There are basically two types of underground mining methods used in India.These are 1) Bord & Pillar method 2) Longwall method

6. BORD & PILLAR METHOD It consists of driving a series of narrow roads, separated by blocks of solid coal, parallel to one another, and connecting them by another set of narrow parallel roadways which is known as development The coal pillars formed is extracted after the development and this process is known as depillaring.

7. Figur e BORD & PILLAR MINING

8. TYPES OF SUPPORT 1)Cog support 2)Chock Support 3)Steel support 4)Hydraulic Support 5)Timber support 6)Side Support 7)Safari Support 8)Prop Support

9. Figure Cog support

10. Figure Safari Support

11. CYCLE OF OPERATION IN UNDERGROUND MINING 1)DRILLING 2)CHARGING 3)BLASTING 4)LOADING 5)TRANSPORTING

12. DRILLING Drilling is done by wedge cut pattern by the help of drilling jumbos or drill jigs.Types of drilling method:- 1)Wedge cut 2)Pyramid cut 3)Fan cut 4)Ring cut

13. Figure Solid blasting with wedge cut pattern

14. CHARGING & BLASTING Charging & blasting is done by explosive which are of permitted type of category P5 by using short delay detonators which is approved by D.G.M.S. a nd the method is known as solid blasting.

15. LOADING Loading is done by using machineries which are generally L.H.D., S.D.L. Or Continuous miner. The material are collected or loaded at the face and unloaded at the conveyors or mine tubs.

16. Figure Load Haul Dumper(L.H.D.)

17. TRANSPORTING Transporting is done by mine tubes which runs on haulages or by using conveyors. Type of Haulage:- 1)Direct rope haulage 2)Main & Tail rope haulage 3)Endless rope haulage 4)Gravity rope haulage

18. TYPE OF CONVEYORS 1)Belt Conveyor 2)Chain Conveyor 3)Plate conveyor 4)Scraper Chain Conveyor

19. Figure Belt Conveyor

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