Additional sounds (epenthesis)

Additional sounds (epenthesis)

1. Additional Sounds (Epenthesis) Fadliah (2223150057) Nugraha S.L.H. (2223150055) Puspa V. (2223150047) Rahmi Aulia (2223150040) Tety Fajriati (222315

2. Additional Sounds (Epenthesis) In phonology, epenthesis is the insertion of an extra sound into a word. Adjective: epenthetic . Verb: epenthesize . The word epenthesis comes from epi "in addition to" and en "in" and thesis "putting ". As a historical sound change Latin tremulare > French trembler ("to tremble") Old English thunor > English thunder (Reconstructed) Proto-Greek *anrotos > Ancient Greek ambrotos ("immortal")

3. As a synchronic rule In French, /t/ is inserted in inverted interrogative phrases between a verb ending in a vowel and a pronoun beginning with a vowel, such as il a ('he has') > a-t-il ('has he?'). Here there is no epenthesis from a historical perspective, since the a-t is derived from Latin habet (he has), and the t is therefore the original third person verb inflection. However it is correct to call this epenthesis when viewed synchronically, since the modern basic form of the verb is a, and the psycholinguistic process is therefore the addition of t to the base form.

4. A similar example is the English indefinite article a, which becomes an before a vowel. In Old English, this was ane in all positions, so a diachronic analysis would see the original n disappearing except where a following vowel required its retention: an > a. However a synchronic analysis, in keeping with the perception of most native speakers, would (equally correctly) see it as epenthesis: a > an.

5. As a poetic device Latin reliquias > poetic relliquias In informal speech English "hamster" often pronounced with an added "p" sound as [hæmpstəɹ] English "warmth" often pronounced with an added "p" sound as [wɔɹrmpθ] English "fence" often pronounced [fɛnts] English fam(i)ly> dialectal fambly

6. Uses Epenthesis arises for a variety of reasons. The phonotactics (the study of the rules governing the possible phoneme sequences in a language) of a given language may discourage vowels in hiatus or consonant clusters, and a consonant or vowel may be added to make pronunciation easier. Epenthesis may be divided into two types: excrescence , for the addition of a consonant, and anaptyxis for the addition of a vowel Epenthesis may be a feature only of the spoken language .

7. anaptyxis Use for the addition of a vowel. Example in English : that way >> that a way in Sardinian : rosa >> a rrosa excrescence Use for the addition of a consonant Example in English : Sherbet >> sherbe r t Drawing >> draw r ing

8. Anaptyxis devided into 2 kinds based on the place of adding the vowel : prothesis added to beginning example in Sardinian : rosa >> a rrosa paragoge added to end example in English : generic >> generic al

9. Elision In linguistics, elision or deletion is the omission of one or more sounds (such as a vowel, a consonant, or a whole syllable) in a word or phrase. Sometimes sounds are elided to make a word easier to pronounce. The word elision is frequently used in linguistic description of living languages, and deletion is often used in historical linguistics for a historical sound change.