Addressing in networking (IP,MAC,Port addressing)

Describes about the addressing in networking

1. Welcome

2. Addressing in computer networks Pesented By , Geethu Jose Iiird Bsc (Cs)

3. ADDRESSING IP ADDRESSING MAC ADDRESSING PORT ADDRESSING

4. IP address IP (Internet Protocol) address Device used by routers, to select best path from source to destination, across networks and internetworks Network layer address, consisting of NETWORK portion, and HOST portion Logical address, assigned in software by network administrator

5. Part of a hierarchical ‘numbering scheme’ - unique, for reliable routing May be assigned to a host pc, or router port

6. Types of IP address Static address Dynamic address

7. Static address manually input by network administrator manageable for small networks requires careful checks to avoid duplication

8. Dynamic address assigned by server when host boots derived automatically from a range of addresses duration of ‘lease’ negotiated, then address released back to server

9. Classes of IP address Class A - large organizations , governments Class B - medium sized organizations Class C - small organizations

10. Class A IP address 1st octet = network address, octets 2-4 = host address 1st bits of 1st octet set to 0 up to (2^ 24 - 2) host addresses (16.8M)

11. Class B IP address 1st 2 octets = network address, octets 3-4 = host address 1st 2 bits of 1st octet set to 10 up to (2^ 16 - 2) host addresses (65534)

12. Class C IP address 1st 3 octets = network address, octet 4 = host address 1st 3 bits of 1st octet set to 110 up to (2^ 8 - 2) host addresses (254)

13. MAC address A hardware address that uniquely identifies each node of a network. In IEEE 802 networks, the Data Link Control (DLC) Layer of the OSI. Model is divided into two sub-layers Logical Link Control (LLC) layer Media Access Control (MAC) layer The MAC layer interfaces directly with the network medium. Consequently, each different type of network medium requires a different MAC layer.

14. The chance to see the MAC address is very difficult for any of your equipment. Software that helps your computer communicate with a network takes care of matching the MAC address to a logical address. If you'd like to see the MAC address and logical address used by the Internet Protocol (IP) for your Windows computer, you can run a small program that Microsoft provides.

15. Go to the "Start" menu, click on "Run," and in the window that appears, type WINIPCFG (IPCONFIG/ALL for Windows 2000/XP). When the gray window appears, click on "More Info" and you'll get information.

16. Port addressing There are many application running on the computer. Each application run with a port no.(logically) on the computer. This port no. for application is decided by the Karnal of the OS. This port no. is called port address

17. A  port number  is part of the addressing information used to identify the senders and receivers of messages.  Port numbers are most commonly used with tcp / ip  connections.  These port numbers allow different applications on the same computer to share network resources simultaneously.

18. Port numbers are associated with network addresses.  in TCP/IP networking, both TCP  and  UDP  utilize their own set of ports that work together with  IP addresses . In both TCP and UDP, port numbers start at 0 and go up to 65535. Numbers in the lower ranges are dedicated to common Internet protocols (like 21 for FTP  and 80 for  HTTP ).

19. When You May Need to Take Action with Port Numbers network administrators may need to set up  port forwarding  to allow the port numbers of specific applications to pass through a  firewall . On home networks,  broadband routers support port forwarding on their configuration screens. network programmers sometimes need to specify port numbers in their code, such as in socket programming .

20. sometimes, a Web site  URL  will require a specific TCP port number be included. For example, http://localhost:8080/ uses TCP port 8080. Again, this is more usually seen in software development environments than on the Internet.

21. thank you