Adina cordifolia ppt for education purpose

Useful ppt

1. ADINA
CORDIFOLIA
PRESENTED BY
NEETU SINGH THAKUR
ROLL. NO. 24

2. CONTENT
•NAME OF SPECIES
•TAXONOMY AND CLASSIFICATION
•DESCRIPTION
•BIOPHYSICAL LIMITS
•PHENOLOGY
•REGENERATION
•PEST AND DISEASE
•UTILIZATION

3. NAME OF SPECIES
•SCIENTIFIC NAME – Adina cordifolia
•FAMILY – Rubiaceae
•GENUS – Adina
•SPECIES – A. cordifolia
•SYNONYMS- Haldina cordifolia
•C0MMON NAME - HALDU

4. TAXONOMY AND
CLASSIFICATION
•Adina cordifolia is a plant species commonly known as Indian Walnut or
Haldu.
•Kingdom: Plantae - Adina cordifolia is classified under the Kingdom
Plantae, which includes all green plants, fungi, and algae.
1.Phylum: Angiosperms - This plant belongs to the phylum Angiosperms,
also known as flowering plants.
2.Class: Magnoliopsida - This class includes dicotyledonous plants,
commonly known as dicots.
3.Order: Gentianales – This belongs to the order Gentianales.
4.Family: Rubiaceae - The Rubiaceae family is large and diverse, Common
members of this family include coffee (Coffea).
5.Genus: Adina - They are known for their simple, opposite leaves and
small, often white or cream-colored flowers.
6.Species: A. cordifolia

5. DESCRIPTION
•Adina cordifolia, commonly
known as Indian walnut or
White Jabon, is a species of
flowering plant in the family
Rubiaceae.
• Native to Southeast Asia,
particularly India, Bangladesh,
Myanmar, and Thailand, it is a
deciduous tree that typically
grows in tropical and
subtropical regions.

6. •Appearance: Adina cordifolia
is a medium to large-sized
tree that can reach heights of
up to 30 meters (98 feet).
• It has a straight trunk with a
grayish-brown bark that
becomes fissured with age.
•The leaves are simple,
alternate, and heart-shaped
(cordate), typically measuring
6-15 cm in length.
• The foliage turns yellow
before shedding in the dry
season

7. •Flowers: The tree produces
small, fragrant flowers that are
creamy white to yellowish in color.
•Inflorescence: The flowers are
borne in clusters at the ends of
branches or in leaf axils.
•Blooming Period: Adina
cordifolia typically blooms
during the spring and early
summer months.
•Pollination: The flowers of
Adina cordifolia are pollinated
by insects, particularly bees,
attracted to their nectar and
fragrance.

9. •FRUIT: The fruits are small
and rounded, usually
measuring about 1-2
centimeters in diameter..
• The fruits of Adina cordifolia
typically start off green when
immature and gradually
ripen to a reddish-brown .
•The pulp of Adina cordifolia
fruit is soft and juicy when
ripe, with a mildly sweet
flavor.
•The fruits of Adina cordifolia
typically ripen during the
late summer and early
autumn months,

10. SEED:-The seeds are typically small, dark
brown to black in color. They are generally
oval in shape, with a smooth surface.
Texture:-The seed coat is relatively hard
and durable, providing protection to the
embryo inside.
Viability:- Under appropriate conditions,
Adina cordifolia seeds can remain viable
for a certain period, allowing them to
germinate and grow into new plants.
Dispersal:- Adina cordifolia seeds are
primarily dispersed by birds and other
animals that consume the fruits of the tree.

11. BIOPHYSICAL LIMITS
•Altitude Range: Adina cordifolia typically found in lowland
regions up to an altitude of around 1500 meters (4921 feet)
above sea level.
•Temperature Tolerance: It thrives in tropical to subtropical
climates, preferring temperatures between 20°C to 35°C (68°F
to 95°F). Extreme cold or frost can be detrimental to its growth.
•Soil Preference: Adina cordifolia prefers well-drained soils,
including sandy loam, laterite, and clay loam. It can tolerate a
wide range of soil pH levels, from acidic to slightly alkaline.

12. PHENOLOGY
•The phenology of Adina cordifolia refers to the study of its life cycle
events and seasonal patterns of growth, flowering, fruiting, and leaf
shedding. Here's a general overview of the phenology of Adina
cordifolia:
1.Leafing: Adina cordifolia typically begins its annual growth cycle by
producing new leaves after the dry season. Leaf emergence often
occurs in response to the onset of the rainy season when moisture
levels increase, providing favorable conditions for growth.
2.Flowering: The flowering of Adina cordifolia usually coincides with
the onset of the spring or early summer season, depending on the
specific climate and local environmental conditions. The tree
produces clusters of small, fragrant flowers, which serve as a food
source for pollinators like bees and butterflies.

13. 3. Fruiting: Following successful pollination, the flowers of Adina
cordifolia develop into small, round fruits. Fruit development
typically occurs during the latter part of the rainy season or early
autumn. The fruits mature and ripen over time, eventually
changing in color from green to reddish-brown.
4. Seed Dispersal: Once the fruits are fully ripe, they may either
fall from the tree naturally or be dispersed by animals, such as
birds or mammals. Seed dispersal helps Adina cordifolia colonize
new areas and contributes to its propagation and distribution
within its habitat.
5. Leaf Shedding: Adina cordifolia is a deciduous tree, meaning
it sheds its leaves seasonally. Leaf shedding often occurs
towards the end of the dry season or during periods of water
scarcity when the tree enters a period of dormancy to conserve
dt

14. REGENERATION
The regeneration of Adina cordifolia, like many tree species, involves natural and artificial
methods. Here's a rundown of its regeneration process:
.SEED PROPAGATION:
1.Adina cordifolia reproduces sexually through seeds. The seeds are contained within the
fruits, which ripen and eventually disperse from the parent tree.
2.Seed collection: Mature fruits are collected from healthy trees during the fruiting
season. It's essential to collect seeds from healthy, vigorous trees to ensure good
genetic diversity.
3.Seed treatment: Some seeds may require scarification or soaking in water to improve
germination rates.
4.Nursery propagation: Seeds are sown in well-prepared nursery beds or containers
filled with a suitable growing medium. They are kept moist and provided with adequate
light until they germinate and develop into seedlings.
5.Transplanting: Once the seedlings reach a suitable size and develop a strong root
system, they can be transplanted to their final planting site.

15. 2. VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION:
1.Adina cordifolia can also be propagated vegetatively through methods such as stem cuttings
or grafting.
2.Stem cuttings: Healthy stem cuttings are taken from mature trees and planted in a rooting
medium. With proper care and environmental conditions, the cuttings develop roots and grow
into new plants.
3.Grafting: Grafting involves joining a piece of Adina cordifolia stem (scion) onto a compatible
rootstock. This method is often used to propagate selected cultivars or clones with desirable
traits.
3. NATURAL REGENRATION:
1.Adina cordifolia can regenerate naturally through seed dispersal and germination in suitable
habitats.
2.Birds and mammals play a role in dispersing seeds by consuming the fruits and depositing
them in new locations.
3.Under favorable conditions, seeds germinate, and seedlings establish themselves in the
understory or gaps in the forest canopy.

16. 4.MANAGEMENT PRACTICES :
•Regeneration of Adina cordifolia can be enhanced through silvicultural
practices such as selective thinning, which creates gaps in the canopy
and provides favorable conditions for seedling establishment.
•Protecting natural regeneration sites from disturbances such as grazing,
fire, or logging can also promote successful regeneration of Adina
cordifolia.
5.Monitoring and Maintenance:
•Regular monitoring of regeneration sites is essential to assess seedling
survival and growth rates.
•Maintenance activities such as weeding, watering, and protection from
herbivores may be necessary to ensure the successful establishment of
regenerated seedlings.

17. PEST AND DISEASE
1.Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease appears
as a powdery white substance on the leaves,
stems, and flowers of the plant. It can weaken
the plant and reduce its overall vigor if left
untreated.
2.Leaf Spot: Leaf spot diseases are caused by
various fungi and bacteria. They manifest as
dark spots or lesions on the leaves, leading to
defoliation and reduced photosynthesis.
3.Anthracnose: Anthracnose is a fungal disease
that causes dark, sunken lesions on leaves,
stems, and fruits.

18. 5.Whiteflies: Whiteflies are small, moth-like insects
that feed on the underside of leaves. They can cause
yellowing, wilting, and premature leaf drop.
6.Mealybugs: Mealybugs are small, soft-bodied
insects that feed on plant sap. They excrete a sticky
substance called honeydew, which can attract ants
and promote the growth of sooty mold.
4.Aphids: Aphids are small insects that feed on the
sap of plants, including Adina cordifolia. They can
cause distortion of leaves, stunted growth, and the
transmission of viral diseases.

19. UTILIZATION
1.Medicina Purposes: Various parts of the Adina cordifolia tree, including
the bark, leaves, and roots, are used in traditional medicine systems
such as Ayurveda and Unani. It is believed to have medicinal properties
and is used to treat a range of ailments including fever, dysentery,
diarrhea, skin diseases, and respiratory disorders.
2.Timber: The wood of Adina cordifolia is hard and durable, making it
suitable for various construction purposes. It is used in making furniture,
agricultural implements, tool handles, and other wooden articles.
3.Fuelwood: The wood of Adina cordifolia is also used as a source of
fuelwood due to its high calorific value.
4.Ornamental Purposes: The tree is often planted for its attractive
foliage and flowers, making it a popular choice for landscaping in parks,
gardens, and along roadsides.

20. 5.Shade Tree: Adina cordifolia provides dense foliage
and can be planted to provide shade in hot and arid
regions.
6.Soil Conservation: The tree has a deep and extensive
root system, which helps in soil conservation and erosion
control, especially in hilly areas.
7.Beekeeping: The flowers of Adina cordifolia attract
bees, making it beneficial for beekeeping and honey
production.
8.Traditional Crafts: The bark of Adina cordifolia is used
intraditionalcraftssuchasbasketryandrope-making.