Adjustment disorder

psychiatry on life

1. Adjustment disorder DEEPTI MSW Loyola 1

2. contents Introduction Prevalence Types of AD Etiology Symptoms of AD Diagnostic criteria Treatment Conclusion 2

3. Introduction to AD Adjustment disorder are conceived of as developing in response to a variety of casual stressful events, the symptoms representing an adaptation to these stressors or to their continuing effects. 3

4. Adjustment Disorder A maladaptive reaction to an identifiable psychosocial stressor that occurs within 3 months after onset of the stressor. The individual shows impairment in social and occupational functioning, that are in excess of a expectable reaction to the stressor. 4

5. Prevalence Very common disorder In a study conducted in US , 10% had AD Male to female ratio is 1:2 Outcome of depression international network (ODIN) study (18) found a prevalence of only 1% for AD in five European countries. 5

6. Studies have also found a higher rate of AD among persons exhibiting suicidal behavior, mainly adolescents and young adults. AD has been reported to be almost three times as common as major depressions. Studies of soldiers psychiatrically evacuated from Iraq over a three year period found that AD wad the most common diagnosis made in 40% of evacuees. 6

7. Types AD with depressed mood AD with anxiety AD with mixed anxiety and depressed mood AD with disturbance of conduct AD with mixed disturbance of emotions and conduct AD unspecified 7

8. Etiology Interaction The stressor The individual 8

9. Death of family member or friend Relationship issues or divorce Major life changes Illness or health issue Moving to a new house or place Sudden disasters Money troubles or fears 9

10. Causes in children and teenagers Family fights or problems Problems in school Anxiety over sexuality 10

11. Psychological vulnerability Theory of associative network formation Contemporary psychodynamic theory Biological theories 11

12. Symptoms Acting rebellious or impulsive Acting anxious Withdrawn attitude Feeling sad and hopeless Withdrawn attitude Suicidal thoughts Loss of self esteem Crying 12

13. Diagnostic criteria DSM 5 ICD 10 13

14. Treatment Therapy - psychotherapy - crisis intervention - family and group therapies - support groups - cognitive behavioral therapy - interpersonal psychotherapy 14

15. Medication - benzodiazepines - nonbenzodiazepines - SSRI and SNRI 15

16. Conclusion Developing a strong network of people to support Living healthfully Establishing good self esteem. 16

17. Reference Ahuja Niraj.A Short Textbook of Psychiatry7th edtn (Page,112) Townsend C.Mary . Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing,(Page,620) www.healthline.com/health / adjustment -disorder 17