Adolescent health, Zits, Grits and Hormonal fits

Adolescent health is a burning issue and required to be addressed in a big way.
Nipping them at bud will save lot of efforts and other resources at a later stage and we can be rest assured that our future is in safe hands.
Imbalanced diet, consumption of junk food, increased screen time, addiction to social media and substance abuse are ever increasing concerns amongst the youth

1. LIFESTYLE & ADOLESCENT HEALTH

2. Adolescence What is Adolescence? Need to focus on Adolescent health Changes during adolescence Special health problems Delivery of health care

3. Adolescence From the Latin word “ Adolescere” Signifies a transition from childhood to adulthood Is the period from 10 to 19 years of age Is a period of marked change Physical Psychological Social

4. Changes during adolescence Early : 10 to13 years Middle : 14 to 16 years Late : 17 to 19 years

5. Need to Focus on Adolescent Health Usually considered the healthiest period of life Absolute number of adolescents is very large Large proportion of sexually transmitted infections occur among adolescents Behavior patterns adopted during adolescence have a bearing on morbidity later in life

6. Ignorance about sex and sexuality Lack of understanding Sub optimal support at family level Social frustration Inadequate school syllabus about adolescent health Misdirected peer pressure in absence of adequate knowledge Lack of recreational, creative, and working opportunity Need to Focus on Adolescent Health

7. A lifestyle typically reflects Values

8. Attitudes

9. Worldview.

10. “LIFESTYLE” is an outcome of Genetic influences Early childhood developmental influences Acquired traits / attitudes as result of our interaction with the society

11. Special Health Problems

12. ADOLESCENT HEALTH PROBLEMS Anorexia nervosa Obesity & overweight Adolescent pregnancy Micronutrient deficiency Emotional problems Behavioural problems Substance abuse & injuries Sexually transmitted infection Mental Stress

13. Special Health Problems Growth Related Disorders Delays in physical growth Delays in sexual maturation Refractive Errors Gynaecomastia

14. REASONS FOR ADOLESCENT RELUCTANT TO SEEK HELP FEAR UNCOMFORTABLE WITH OPPOSITE HEALTH WORKER LACK OF PRIVACY CONFIDENTIALITY CUMBERSOME PROCEDURE LONG WAITING TIME PARENTAL CONSENT LACK OF INFORMATION FEELING OF DISCOMFORT

15. HEALTH EDUCATION SKILL BASED HEALTH EDUCATION FAMILY LIFE DUCATION COUNSELLING FOE EMOTIONAL STRESS NUTRITIONAL COUNSELLING EARLY DIAGNOSIS & MANAGEMENT OF MEDICAL AND BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEM PREVENTION

16. ADOLESCENT NUTRITION Changing lifestyle Skipping breakfast Dining outside often Fast foods and junk foods

17. PROBLEMS(continued) All over the world, adolescent obesity is on the rise. has led to an increase in obesity-related diseases – diabetes&heart disease

18. Special Health Problems Nutrition Undernourishment Anaemia Anorexia Nervosa / Bulimia Specific deficiency Overnourishment Obesity

19. Some tips Avoid snacking Eat slow No crash diet

20. Daily Calorie Requirement Adolescents 10 to 12 yrs Males 2190 10 to 12 yrs Females 1970 13 to 15 yrs Males 2450 13 to 15 yrs Females 2060 16 to 18 yrs Males 2640 16 to 18 yrs Females 2060 Adult Males 2425 Adult Females 1875

21. REPRODUCTIVE & SEXUAL HEALTH problems Premarital, Unprotected Sex STI Sexual abuse or exploitation. Unwanted Pregnancy –failure or non use of contraceptives Criminal abortions Menstrual disorders

22. REPRODUCTIVE & SEXUAL HEALTH problems Predisposing Factors for Early and Unprotected Sex Adolescents live in Increasingly sexualized societies Impact of Media – Electronic and Print Rapid Growth of cities Breakdown of traditional family structure – Erode protective cultural layer Peer Pressure Trend – earlier sexual maturation while late marriage

23. Early and Unprotected Sex – Results In STI 1 in 20 young people every year 7000 young people every day are infected with HIV Unwanted Pregnancies Unsafe Abortions Early and Unprotected Sex – Remedy Abstaining from Sex Delaying the onset of first sexual experience Increasing the level of protection through condoms REPRODUCTIVE & SEXUAL HEALTH problems

24. ADOLESCENT ADDICTION Alcohol Smoking Substance abuse Antisocial activities

25. Addictive Behavior (Risk Taking) Do not assess the long term consequences Alcohol and drugs – further reduce caution and judgment May appear to be a way out for one who sees no positive solution – but actually is a way to more serious problems Expensive and illegal habits – draws them to crime

26. ALCOHOL

27. People drink alcohol to … Feel more relaxed Look cool Forget problems Join the party Become intoxicated

28. Immediate Effects Blurred vision Slurred speech Impairs motor coordination Increased heart beat Lowers body temperature Vomiting Hangover Alcohol poisoning (death)

29. Long Term Effects on the Body CNS disorders Heart disease GIT disease Liver disease “cirrhosis” Osteoporosis Muscle Weakness Weight gain Cancers DM, HTN

30. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

31. Alcohol: A Danger for Teens Nearly 50% of all teen suicide victims drank alcohol at the time of their death. Drinking alcohol is the leading factor in unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases . About 1/3 of crimes committed by youth are related to alcohol consumption. Almost 1/3 of all traffic deaths involving people under 25 are related to alcohol.

32. Alcohol Addiction Frequent alcohol consumption : -Tolerance -Dependence Always at risk for alcohol abuse. Financial loss. Marital discord Social/Legal/Occupational

33. Alcohol consumption: Precautions Avoid drinking Do not mix drink and smoking Be honest about how much alcohol to drink . Do not “Binge Avoid drink when tired and emotionally upset Do not drink and drive

34. Four teenagers died in this alcohol related accident ….

35. Please never get in a car when you or someone else has been drinking! Don’t be a statistic.

36. Say No to alcohol or Keep alcohol consumption to the minimum

37. Tobacco & AND YOUNG PEOPLE .

38. Tobacco Deadly in any form or disguise

39. Child & Adolescent Smokers One in five high school seniors smoke daily 70% have tried cigarettes 3000 teenagers start smoking each day In England about 10% of all children between 11 and 16 years smoke India: Youth – 12.8% males and 1.1% females use tobacco

40. Six out of 10 schools are not tobacco- free 48% in north & 22% in east do not allow tobacco in school. TIMES OF INDIA Pane Edition ,20 Mar 2008

41. Why do people start smoking? Peer pressures and social acceptance issues are important factors To alleviate stress, life problems Wanting to appear mature, self-confident and independent Family history, parental modeling of smoking behavior Personality with tendencies toward risk taking behaviors

42. Cancers of Lung, mouth, stomach, female genitals, bladder, esophagus Peptic ulcers Heart disease Raised BP Peripheral vascular disease Visual loss Bronchitis CVA/IHD Risk factor for

43. Passive Smoking is another major issue (Environmental tobacco smoke) Risk of all diseases as faced by active smoker is increased in passive smokers too

44. Within 72 hours lung capacity improves 1 yr smoking related heart attack reduced to half Within 10 yrs lung cancer reduces to half Within 15 yrs risk of dying from heart attack is same as normal person. Why to quit ?

45. What do you gain by quitting?

46. 1. You’ll Feel Better

47. 2. Your Energy Will Improve

48. 3. You’ll Reduce the Risk of Illness

49. 4. You’ll Live Longer

50. 5. Food Will Taste Better

51. 6. You’ll Save Money

52. 7. You’ll Look Better

53. 8. Your Self Esteem Will Improve

54. 9. You’ll Protect Those You Love

55. Tobacco control legislation wef 1 st May 2004 which prohibits Smoking from public place Advertisement of tobacco products Sale of such products to person below 18yrs of age. Hon’ble Supreme Court India upheld the ruling in Oct 2008 Legislation

56. Remember......... All forms of tobacco use are harmful. Most harmful effects depend on amount and duration of exposure Don’t Start Learn to say no to your peers and friends Influence your parents to stop.

57. Adopt a healthy lifestyle Remain tobacco free inside & out Our Pledge………

58. MENTAL DISORDERS Conduct and behavioural disorders Learning disorders Anxiety disorders Teen depression Juvenile delinquency Adjustment problems

59. MENTAL STRESS

60. STRESS THRESHOLD Each of us has a different stress threshold FACTORS GENETIC MAKEUP FAMILY TRAITS CULTIVATED HABITS PERSONALITY ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

61. How can we Recognize Early Signs Vague aches / pains, “unwell feel”, indigestion Decline in cheerfulness & interest / withdrawn Deterioration in interpersonal relationships

62. Initiation / increase in alcohol / tobacco Excessive increase / decrease in appetite , weight

63. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Develop financial management skills Develop time management skills

64. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Make conscious and deliberate efforts to maintain good health (of self and family members)

65. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Spend “Quality time” with family members and friends Develop social support systems

66. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Learn to avoid unnecessary “ego” struggles

67. DEVELOP COPING RESOURCES Physical exercise and fitness

68. DEVELOP COPING RESOURCES Develop and practice “assertiveness” Abdominal breathing Good sleep

69. DEVELOP COPING RESOURCES Spiritual practices (a) Praying (b) Yoga, Reiki

70. Spiritual practice and Meditation (Contd) (c) Meditation Concentrative meditation Opening-up meditation or “mindfulness”

71. Emotion focused coping Accept the inevitable Never discount the importance of hope & optimism Suppress distressing thoughts Discharging painful emotions

72. STRESS BUSTERS Walking Jogging Swimming Gym

73. INJURIES Unintentional / Accidental Vehicle Accidents Sports Injuries Intentional Suicide Attempted Suicide Interpersonal Violence Homicide

74. IDENTIFY PROBLEM

75. ADOLESCENT COUNSELING School performance Separation Anxiety Coping With Chronic Illness Building Social Competence Managing peer pressure Minimizing Family Conflict Working Through Divorce & Separation Avoiding Drug & Alcohol Use Accepting Imperfection Building Friendships

76. STAY MOTIVATED Any program is as good as you make it Set backs will come don’t slip Think back and device new strategies to handle risky situation better Temptation persists Mind focused, learn to say no

77. FINALLY You are the one with the power Choice is yours Goal might be challenging Remember that the health and sense of achievement will out way any setbacks you may face

78. Thought For The Day Keep your thoughts positive , because your thoughts become your words . Keep your words positive , because your words become your actions . Keep your actions positive , because your actions become your habits . Keep your habits positive , because your habits become your lifestyle . Keep your lifestyle positive, because your lifestyle becomes your destiny .

79. Our Starts NOW!

80. THE WAY FORWARD

81. THANK YOU!