Advance Topics in Latex - different packages

Some advance topics in Latex

1. Advance Topics in L
ATEX
Dr. Nirav Vyas
Associate Professor & Head
Dept. of Science Humanities, ATMIYA University
[email protected]
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 1 / 43

2. Table of Contents
1
Making Custom Commands
2
Bibliography and BibTex
3
The siunitx Package
4
ThemhchemPackage
5
TheamsthmPackage
6
Beamer
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 2 / 43

3. Table of Contents
1
Making Custom Commands
2
Bibliography and BibTex
3
The siunitx Package
4
ThemhchemPackage
5
TheamsthmPackage
6
Beamer
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 2 / 43

4. Table of Contents
1
Making Custom Commands
2
Bibliography and BibTex
3
The siunitx Package
4
ThemhchemPackage
5
TheamsthmPackage
6
Beamer
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 2 / 43

5. Table of Contents
1
Making Custom Commands
2
Bibliography and BibTex
3
The siunitx Package
4
ThemhchemPackage
5
TheamsthmPackage
6
Beamer
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 2 / 43

6. Table of Contents
1
Making Custom Commands
2
Bibliography and BibTex
3
The siunitx Package
4
ThemhchemPackage
5
TheamsthmPackage
6
Beamer
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 2 / 43

7. Table of Contents
1
Making Custom Commands
2
Bibliography and BibTex
3
The siunitx Package
4
ThemhchemPackage
5
TheamsthmPackage
6
Beamer
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 2 / 43

8. Hyperlinks - URL
Package: url Displays link https://www.ngu.ac.in/https://www.ngu.ac.in/
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 3 / 43

9. Hyperlinks - URL
Package: url Displays link https://www.ngu.ac.in/https://www.ngu.ac.in/
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 3 / 43

10. Hyperlinks - URL
Package: url Displays link https://www.ngu.ac.in/https://www.ngu.ac.in/
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 3 / 43

11. Making Custom Commands
Making Custom Commands
In long documents, you may find yourself typing similar sequences of
text over and over again.
LATEX provides a command that defines new commands. This is one
of LATEX’s most useful features.
Let’s look at a basic example and go through it very carefully to see
how it works.
Ωewcommand{↓tc}{Fundamental Theorem of Calculus}
Code:
↓tc.
We can then apply the ↓tc{} and conclude that...
Output:
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.
We can then apply the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
and conclude that...
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 4 / 43

12. Making Custom Commands
Making Custom Commands
In long documents, you may find yourself typing similar sequences of
text over and over again.
LATEX provides a command that defines new commands. This is one
of LATEX’s most useful features.
Let’s look at a basic example and go through it very carefully to see
how it works.
Ωewcommand{↓tc}{Fundamental Theorem of Calculus}
Code:
↓tc.
We can then apply the ↓tc{} and conclude that...
Output:
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.
We can then apply the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
and conclude that...
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 4 / 43

13. Making Custom Commands
Making Custom Commands
In long documents, you may find yourself typing similar sequences of
text over and over again.
LATEX provides a command that defines new commands. This is one
of LATEX’s most useful features.
Let’s look at a basic example and go through it very carefully to see
how it works.
Ωewcommand{↓tc}{Fundamental Theorem of Calculus}
Code:
↓tc.
We can then apply the ↓tc{} and conclude that...
Output:
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.
We can then apply the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
and conclude that...
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 4 / 43

14. Making Custom Commands
Making Custom Commands
In long documents, you may find yourself typing similar sequences of
text over and over again.
LATEX provides a command that defines new commands. This is one
of LATEX’s most useful features.
Let’s look at a basic example and go through it very carefully to see
how it works.
Ωewcommand{↓tc}{Fundamental Theorem of Calculus}
Code:
↓tc.
We can then apply the ↓tc{} and conclude that...
Output:
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.
We can then apply the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
and conclude that...
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 4 / 43

15. Making Custom Commands
Making Custom Commands
In long documents, you may find yourself typing similar sequences of
text over and over again.
LATEX provides a command that defines new commands. This is one
of LATEX’s most useful features.
Let’s look at a basic example and go through it very carefully to see
how it works.
Ωewcommand{↓tc}{Fundamental Theorem of Calculus}
Code:
↓tc.
We can then apply the ↓tc{} and conclude that...
Output:
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.
We can then apply the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
and conclude that...
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 4 / 43

16. Bibliography and BibTex
Bibliography and BibTex
BibTeX is the extension of Latex for managing references. It is made to be easy to use and highly convenient. Generally citations and references are bothersome to do by hand for
two reasons:
1
Every one wants very specific, but slightly different format for citations.
2
Citations are often numbered by order of appearance, so any time you
insert a new citation, all the numbers change. BibTeX has two elegant solutions to these problems:
1
Citation formatting is automatic.
2
Citation numbering is automatic.
This is one of the best examples of the Latex philosophy; Bibtex does
all the formatting for you, so you can focus on content.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 5 / 43

17. Bibliography and BibTex
Bibliography and BibTex
BibTeX is the extension of Latex for managing references. It is made to be easy to use and highly convenient. Generally citations and references are bothersome to do by hand for
two reasons:
1
Every one wants very specific, but slightly different format for citations.
2
Citations are often numbered by order of appearance, so any time you
insert a new citation, all the numbers change. BibTeX has two elegant solutions to these problems:
1
Citation formatting is automatic.
2
Citation numbering is automatic.
This is one of the best examples of the Latex philosophy; Bibtex does
all the formatting for you, so you can focus on content.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 5 / 43

18. Bibliography and BibTex
Bibliography and BibTex
BibTeX is the extension of Latex for managing references. It is made to be easy to use and highly convenient. Generally citations and references are bothersome to do by hand for
two reasons:
1
Every one wants very specific, but slightly different format for citations.
2
Citations are often numbered by order of appearance, so any time you
insert a new citation, all the numbers change. BibTeX has two elegant solutions to these problems:
1
Citation formatting is automatic.
2
Citation numbering is automatic.
This is one of the best examples of the Latex philosophy; Bibtex does
all the formatting for you, so you can focus on content.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 5 / 43

19. Bibliography and BibTex
Bibliography and BibTex
BibTeX is the extension of Latex for managing references. It is made to be easy to use and highly convenient. Generally citations and references are bothersome to do by hand for
two reasons:
1
Every one wants very specific, but slightly different format for citations.
2
Citations are often numbered by order of appearance, so any time you
insert a new citation, all the numbers change. BibTeX has two elegant solutions to these problems:
1
Citation formatting is automatic.
2
Citation numbering is automatic.
This is one of the best examples of the Latex philosophy; Bibtex does
all the formatting for you, so you can focus on content.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 5 / 43

20. Bibliography and BibTex
Bibliography and BibTex
BibTeX is the extension of Latex for managing references. It is made to be easy to use and highly convenient. Generally citations and references are bothersome to do by hand for
two reasons:
1
Every one wants very specific, but slightly different format for citations.
2
Citations are often numbered by order of appearance, so any time you
insert a new citation, all the numbers change. BibTeX has two elegant solutions to these problems:
1
Citation formatting is automatic.
2
Citation numbering is automatic.
This is one of the best examples of the Latex philosophy; Bibtex does
all the formatting for you, so you can focus on content.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 5 / 43

21. Bibliography and BibTex
Bibliography and BibTex
BibTeX is the extension of Latex for managing references. It is made to be easy to use and highly convenient. Generally citations and references are bothersome to do by hand for
two reasons:
1
Every one wants very specific, but slightly different format for citations.
2
Citations are often numbered by order of appearance, so any time you
insert a new citation, all the numbers change. BibTeX has two elegant solutions to these problems:
1
Citation formatting is automatic.
2
Citation numbering is automatic.
This is one of the best examples of the Latex philosophy; Bibtex does
all the formatting for you, so you can focus on content.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 5 / 43

22. Bibliography and BibTex
Bibliography and BibTex
BibTeX is the extension of Latex for managing references. It is made to be easy to use and highly convenient. Generally citations and references are bothersome to do by hand for
two reasons:
1
Every one wants very specific, but slightly different format for citations.
2
Citations are often numbered by order of appearance, so any time you
insert a new citation, all the numbers change. BibTeX has two elegant solutions to these problems:
1
Citation formatting is automatic.
2
Citation numbering is automatic.
This is one of the best examples of the Latex philosophy; Bibtex does
all the formatting for you, so you can focus on content.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 5 / 43

23. Bibliography and BibTex
Bibliography and BibTex
BibTeX is the extension of Latex for managing references. It is made to be easy to use and highly convenient. Generally citations and references are bothersome to do by hand for
two reasons:
1
Every one wants very specific, but slightly different format for citations.
2
Citations are often numbered by order of appearance, so any time you
insert a new citation, all the numbers change. BibTeX has two elegant solutions to these problems:
1
Citation formatting is automatic.
2
Citation numbering is automatic.
This is one of the best examples of the Latex philosophy; Bibtex does
all the formatting for you, so you can focus on content.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 5 / 43

24. Bibliography and BibTex
Bibliography and BibTex
BibTeX is the extension of Latex for managing references. It is made to be easy to use and highly convenient. Generally citations and references are bothersome to do by hand for
two reasons:
1
Every one wants very specific, but slightly different format for citations.
2
Citations are often numbered by order of appearance, so any time you
insert a new citation, all the numbers change. BibTeX has two elegant solutions to these problems:
1
Citation formatting is automatic.
2
Citation numbering is automatic.
This is one of the best examples of the Latex philosophy; Bibtex does
all the formatting for you, so you can focus on content.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 5 / 43

25. Bibliography and BibTex
Bibliography and BibTex
There are three steps to using Bibtex
1
Creating a bibliography file
2
citing with\citecommand
3
typesetting for Bibtex
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 6 / 43

26. Bibliography and BibTex
Bibliography and BibTex
There are three steps to using Bibtex
1
Creating a bibliography file
2
citing with\citecommand
3
typesetting for Bibtex
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 6 / 43

27. Bibliography and BibTex
Bibliography and BibTex
There are three steps to using Bibtex
1
Creating a bibliography file
2
citing with\citecommand
3
typesetting for Bibtex
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 6 / 43

28. Bibliography and BibTex
Bibliography and BibTex
There are three steps to using Bibtex
1
Creating a bibliography file
2
citing with\citecommand
3
typesetting for Bibtex
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 6 / 43

29. Bibliography and BibTex
Creating a Bibiography File
BibTeX requires an external bibliography. This takes the form of a file in the same folder as your .tex file that
has the extension .bib
It’s customary to call it references.bib or citations.bib The .bib files contains the information about each thing you want to
cite.
BibTeX supports many types of bibliographic entries, including book,
(journal) article, (conference) proceedings and many more.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 7 / 43

30. Bibliography and BibTex
Creating a Bibiography File
BibTeX requires an external bibliography. This takes the form of a file in the same folder as your .tex file that
has the extension .bib
It’s customary to call it references.bib or citations.bib The .bib files contains the information about each thing you want to
cite.
BibTeX supports many types of bibliographic entries, including book,
(journal) article, (conference) proceedings and many more.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 7 / 43

31. Bibliography and BibTex
Creating a Bibiography File
BibTeX requires an external bibliography. This takes the form of a file in the same folder as your .tex file that
has the extension .bib
It’s customary to call it references.bib or citations.bib The .bib files contains the information about each thing you want to
cite.
BibTeX supports many types of bibliographic entries, including book,
(journal) article, (conference) proceedings and many more.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 7 / 43

32. Bibliography and BibTex
Creating a Bibiography File
BibTeX requires an external bibliography. This takes the form of a file in the same folder as your .tex file that
has the extension .bib
It’s customary to call it references.bib or citations.bib The .bib files contains the information about each thing you want to
cite.
BibTeX supports many types of bibliographic entries, including book,
(journal) article, (conference) proceedings and many more.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 7 / 43

33. Bibliography and BibTex
Creating a Bibiography File
BibTeX requires an external bibliography. This takes the form of a file in the same folder as your .tex file that
has the extension .bib
It’s customary to call it references.bib or citations.bib The .bib files contains the information about each thing you want to
cite.
BibTeX supports many types of bibliographic entries, including book,
(journal) article, (conference) proceedings and many more.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 7 / 43

34. Bibliography and BibTex
Creating a Bibiography File - Example
@book{rudin1964principles,
title={Principles of mathematical analysis},
author={Walter Rudin},
volume={3},
year={1964},
publisher={McGraw-Hill New York}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 8 / 43

35. Bibliography and BibTex
Creating a Bibiography File - Example
@article{bardeen1957theory,
title={Theory of superconductivity},
author={Bardeen, John and Cooper, Leon N and Schrieffer, J Robert},
journal={Physical Review},
volume={108},
number={5},
pages={1175},
year={1957},
publisher={APS}
}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 9 / 43

36. Bibliography and BibTex
Creating a Bibiography File
Each entry starts with @ and thetype of the entry.@book Next comes thename of the specific entryi.e. a unique identifier
used to cite that entry.rudin1964principles
After that, there are severalfieldsthat give the information needed to
construct the reference.
For book,the required fields are title, author, publisher, year. For article, it’s also necessary to include journal and highly
recommended to provide year, volume, page, so that a reader could
easily find the article in question
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 10 / 43

37. Bibliography and BibTex
Creating a Bibiography File
Each entry starts with @ and thetype of the entry.@book Next comes thename of the specific entryi.e. a unique identifier
used to cite that entry.rudin1964principles
After that, there are severalfieldsthat give the information needed to
construct the reference.
For book,the required fields are title, author, publisher, year. For article, it’s also necessary to include journal and highly
recommended to provide year, volume, page, so that a reader could
easily find the article in question
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 10 / 43

38. Bibliography and BibTex
Creating a Bibiography File
Each entry starts with @ and thetype of the entry.@book Next comes thename of the specific entryi.e. a unique identifier
used to cite that entry.rudin1964principles
After that, there are severalfieldsthat give the information needed to
construct the reference.
For book,the required fields are title, author, publisher, year. For article, it’s also necessary to include journal and highly
recommended to provide year, volume, page, so that a reader could
easily find the article in question
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 10 / 43

39. Bibliography and BibTex
Creating a Bibiography File
Each entry starts with @ and thetype of the entry.@book Next comes thename of the specific entryi.e. a unique identifier
used to cite that entry.rudin1964principles
After that, there are severalfieldsthat give the information needed to
construct the reference.
For book,the required fields are title, author, publisher, year. For article, it’s also necessary to include journal and highly
recommended to provide year, volume, page, so that a reader could
easily find the article in question
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 10 / 43

40. Bibliography and BibTex
Creating a Bibiography File
Each entry starts with @ and thetype of the entry.@book Next comes thename of the specific entryi.e. a unique identifier
used to cite that entry.rudin1964principles
After that, there are severalfieldsthat give the information needed to
construct the reference.
For book,the required fields are title, author, publisher, year. For article, it’s also necessary to include journal and highly
recommended to provide year, volume, page, so that a reader could
easily find the article in question
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 10 / 43

41. Bibliography and BibTex
Creating a Bibiography File
Types of BibTeX entries: article, book, booklet, inbook,
incollection, inproceedings - conference, manual, mastersthesis,
phdthesis, misc, proceedings, tech report, unpublished.
Types of fields:address, annote, author,booktitle,
chapter,crossref,edition, editor, howpublished, institution, journal, key
month, note, number, organization, pages, publisher, school, series,
title, type, volume, year.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 11 / 43

42. Bibliography and BibTex
Creating a Bibiography File
Types of BibTeX entries: article, book, booklet, inbook,
incollection, inproceedings - conference, manual, mastersthesis,
phdthesis, misc, proceedings, tech report, unpublished.
Types of fields:address, annote, author,booktitle,
chapter,crossref,edition, editor, howpublished, institution, journal, key
month, note, number, organization, pages, publisher, school, series,
title, type, volume, year.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 11 / 43

43. Bibliography and BibTex
External Bibliography Management Systems
No one wants to bother typing all of this for each citation, but luckily,
there are easier ways.
Google Scholar: If you click “Cite” in Google Scholar you have the
option to receive a citation for that work in several formats, one of
which is BibTeX. These days, most journals have all their articles
online and have a similar “generate citation” button for each article.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 12 / 43

44. Bibliography and BibTex
External Bibliography Management Systems
No one wants to bother typing all of this for each citation, but luckily,
there are easier ways.
Google Scholar: If you click “Cite” in Google Scholar you have the
option to receive a citation for that work in several formats, one of
which is BibTeX. These days, most journals have all their articles
online and have a similar “generate citation” button for each article.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 12 / 43

45. Bibliography and BibTex
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 13 / 43

46. Bibliography and BibTex
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 14 / 43

47. Bibliography and BibTex
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 15 / 43

48. Bibliography and BibTex
External Bibliography Management Systems
JabRef:A (free, open source) program for managing BibTeX files.
JabRef Works on Windows, Macs, and Linux, and has a nice interface
for adding entries.
It also gives a way to search online journal databases and turn the
results into bibliography entries.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 16 / 43

49. Bibliography and BibTex
External Bibliography Management Systems
JabRef:A (free, open source) program for managing BibTeX files.
JabRef Works on Windows, Macs, and Linux, and has a nice interface
for adding entries.
It also gives a way to search online journal databases and turn the
results into bibliography entries.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 16 / 43

50. Bibliography and BibTex
External Bibliography Management Systems
JabRef:A (free, open source) program for managing BibTeX files.
JabRef Works on Windows, Macs, and Linux, and has a nice interface
for adding entries.
It also gives a way to search online journal databases and turn the
results into bibliography entries.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 16 / 43

51. Bibliography and BibTex
Citing in the Text
Citing references is very easy. Let’s look at an example.
A standard textbook on analysis
is \cite{rudin1964principles}.
The theory of low-temperature
superconductivity was
invented in 1957 \cite{bardeen1957theory}.
Φibliographystyle{plain}
Φibliography{references}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 17 / 43

52. Bibliography and BibTex
Citing in the Text
Citing references is very easy. Let’s look at an example.
A standard textbook on analysis
is \cite{rudin1964principles}.
The theory of low-temperature
superconductivity was
invented in 1957 \cite{bardeen1957theory}.
Φibliographystyle{plain}
Φibliography{references}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 17 / 43

53. Bibliography and BibTex
Citing in the Text
Citing references is very easy. Let’s look at an example.
A standard textbook on analysis
is \cite{rudin1964principles}.
The theory of low-temperature
superconductivity was
invented in 1957 \cite{bardeen1957theory}.
Φibliographystyle{plain}
Φibliography{references}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 17 / 43

54. Bibliography and BibTex
To cite a bibliographic entry, use the\citecommand with the name
of that entry.
The commandΦibliographystyle{plain}says how the citations
should be formatted. In the plain style, it sorts references by author
and use square brackets with numbers.
There are many other styles available, such asunsrt, which lists
references in order of appearance
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 18 / 43

55. Bibliography and BibTex
To cite a bibliographic entry, use the\citecommand with the name
of that entry.
The commandΦibliographystyle{plain}says how the citations
should be formatted. In the plain style, it sorts references by author
and use square brackets with numbers.
There are many other styles available, such asunsrt, which lists
references in order of appearance
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 18 / 43

56. Bibliography and BibTex
To cite a bibliographic entry, use the\citecommand with the name
of that entry.
The commandΦibliographystyle{plain}says how the citations
should be formatted. In the plain style, it sorts references by author
and use square brackets with numbers.
There are many other styles available, such asunsrt, which lists
references in order of appearance
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 18 / 43

57. Bibliography and BibTex
To cite a bibliographic entry, use the\citecommand with the name
of that entry.
The commandΦibliographystyle{plain}says how the citations
should be formatted. In the plain style, it sorts references by author
and use square brackets with numbers.
There are many other styles available, such asunsrt, which lists
references in order of appearance
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 18 / 43

58. Bibliography and BibTex
The commandΦibliographystyle{plain}says how the citations
should be formatted. In the plain style, it sorts references by author
and use square brackets with numbers.
There are many other styles available, such asunsrt, which lists
references in order of appearance
The commandΦibliography{references}tells LATEX which
.bib file to use.
Make sure to place the .bib file in the same folder as the .tex file.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 19 / 43

59. Bibliography and BibTex
The commandΦibliographystyle{plain}says how the citations
should be formatted. In the plain style, it sorts references by author
and use square brackets with numbers.
There are many other styles available, such asunsrt, which lists
references in order of appearance
The commandΦibliography{references}tells LATEX which
.bib file to use.
Make sure to place the .bib file in the same folder as the .tex file.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 19 / 43

60. Bibliography and BibTex
The commandΦibliographystyle{plain}says how the citations
should be formatted. In the plain style, it sorts references by author
and use square brackets with numbers.
There are many other styles available, such asunsrt, which lists
references in order of appearance
The commandΦibliography{references}tells LATEX which
.bib file to use.
Make sure to place the .bib file in the same folder as the .tex file.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 19 / 43

61. Bibliography and BibTex
The commandΦibliographystyle{plain}says how the citations
should be formatted. In the plain style, it sorts references by author
and use square brackets with numbers.
There are many other styles available, such asunsrt, which lists
references in order of appearance
The commandΦibliography{references}tells LATEX which
.bib file to use.
Make sure to place the .bib file in the same folder as the .tex file.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 19 / 43

62. Bibliography and BibTex
URLs and DOIs In Citations
Almost all journals are online now, so it’s usually more useful to give
the DOI or a link to an article than the journal issues.
To do this, load the hyperref and doi packages, and add the url and
doi packages to your bibtex entries.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 20 / 43

63. Bibliography and BibTex
URLs and DOIs In Citations
Almost all journals are online now, so it’s usually more useful to give
the DOI or a link to an article than the journal issues.
To do this, load the hyperref and doi packages, and add the url and
doi packages to your bibtex entries.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 20 / 43

64. Bibliography and BibTex
URLs and DOIs In Citations
Almost all journals are online now, so it’s usually more useful to give
the DOI or a link to an article than the journal issues.
To do this, load the hyperref and doi packages, and add the url and
doi packages to your bibtex entries.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 20 / 43

65. Bibliography and BibTex
URLs and DOIs In Citations
Almost all journals are online now, so it’s usually more useful to give
the DOI or a link to an article than the journal issues.
To do this, load the hyperref and doi packages, and add the url and
doi packages to your bibtex entries.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 20 / 43

66. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
Units are something of a pain to typeset in normal L
ATEX. Suppose we had measured the frequency of an oscillation to be
3.0×10
−6
Hz.
In math mode, we would write$3.0 Ψimes 10^{-6} Ψext{Hz}$. Not only is this long, but the spacing between the number and the
unit is terrible! The
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 21 / 43

67. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
Units are something of a pain to typeset in normal L
ATEX. Suppose we had measured the frequency of an oscillation to be
3.0×10
−6
Hz.
In math mode, we would write$3.0 Ψimes 10^{-6} Ψext{Hz}$. Not only is this long, but the spacing between the number and the
unit is terrible! The
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 21 / 43

68. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
Units are something of a pain to typeset in normal L
ATEX. Suppose we had measured the frequency of an oscillation to be
3.0×10
−6
Hz.
In math mode, we would write$3.0 Ψimes 10^{-6} Ψext{Hz}$. Not only is this long, but the spacing between the number and the
unit is terrible! The
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 21 / 43

69. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
Units are something of a pain to typeset in normal L
ATEX. Suppose we had measured the frequency of an oscillation to be
3.0×10
−6
Hz.
In math mode, we would write$3.0 Ψimes 10^{-6} Ψext{Hz}$. Not only is this long, but the spacing between the number and the
unit is terrible! The
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 21 / 43

70. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
Units are something of a pain to typeset in normal L
ATEX. Suppose we had measured the frequency of an oscillation to be
3.0×10
−6
Hz.
In math mode, we would write$3.0 Ψimes 10^{-6} Ψext{Hz}$. Not only is this long, but the spacing between the number and the
unit is terrible! The
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 21 / 43

71. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
Units are something of a pain to typeset in normal L
ATEX. Suppose we had measured the frequency of an oscillation to be
3.0×10
−6
Hz.
In math mode, we would write$3.0 Ψimes 10^{-6} Ψext{Hz}$. Not only is this long, but the spacing between the number and the
unit is terrible! The
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 21 / 43

72. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
As its name suggests, the siunitx package supports all SI units. It also supports standard prefixes, such as giga- and femto-.
\SI{3}{\giga\hertz} 3 GHz
\SI{3}{GHz} 3 GHz\SI{19}{\meter\per\second}19 m s
−1
\SI{54.1}{kg.m/s^2}54.1 kg m/s
2
\SI{32932e-3213}{\micro F}32 932×10
−3213
µF\SI{3.2}{kg/Ωano\meter\squared}3.2 kg/nm
2
\SI{8.9}{\kilo\gramΨothe{12}}8.9 kg
12
\SI{8.9}{\kilo\gramΨothe{12}}8.9 kg
12
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 22 / 43

73. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
As its name suggests, the siunitx package supports all SI units. It also supports standard prefixes, such as giga- and femto-.
\SI{3}{\giga\hertz} 3 GHz
\SI{3}{GHz} 3 GHz\SI{19}{\meter\per\second}19 m s
−1
\SI{54.1}{kg.m/s^2}54.1 kg m/s
2
\SI{32932e-3213}{\micro F}32 932×10
−3213
µF\SI{3.2}{kg/Ωano\meter\squared}3.2 kg/nm
2
\SI{8.9}{\kilo\gramΨothe{12}}8.9 kg
12
\SI{8.9}{\kilo\gramΨothe{12}}8.9 kg
12
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 22 / 43

74. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
As its name suggests, the siunitx package supports all SI units. It also supports standard prefixes, such as giga- and femto-.
\SI{3}{\giga\hertz} 3 GHz
\SI{3}{GHz} 3 GHz\SI{19}{\meter\per\second}19 m s
−1
\SI{54.1}{kg.m/s^2}54.1 kg m/s
2
\SI{32932e-3213}{\micro F}32 932×10
−3213
µF\SI{3.2}{kg/Ωano\meter\squared}3.2 kg/nm
2
\SI{8.9}{\kilo\gramΨothe{12}}8.9 kg
12
\SI{8.9}{\kilo\gramΨothe{12}}8.9 kg
12
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 22 / 43

75. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
As its name suggests, the siunitx package supports all SI units. It also supports standard prefixes, such as giga- and femto-.
\SI{3}{\giga\hertz} 3 GHz
\SI{3}{GHz} 3 GHz\SI{19}{\meter\per\second}19 m s
−1
\SI{54.1}{kg.m/s^2}54.1 kg m/s
2
\SI{32932e-3213}{\micro F}32 932×10
−3213
µF\SI{3.2}{kg/Ωano\meter\squared}3.2 kg/nm
2
\SI{8.9}{\kilo\gramΨothe{12}}8.9 kg
12
\SI{8.9}{\kilo\gramΨothe{12}}8.9 kg
12
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 22 / 43

76. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
As its name suggests, the siunitx package supports all SI units. It also supports standard prefixes, such as giga- and femto-.
\SI{3}{\giga\hertz} 3 GHz
\SI{3}{GHz} 3 GHz\SI{19}{\meter\per\second}19 m s
−1
\SI{54.1}{kg.m/s^2}54.1 kg m/s
2
\SI{32932e-3213}{\micro F}32 932×10
−3213
µF\SI{3.2}{kg/Ωano\meter\squared}3.2 kg/nm
2
\SI{8.9}{\kilo\gramΨothe{12}}8.9 kg
12
\SI{8.9}{\kilo\gramΨothe{12}}8.9 kg
12
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 22 / 43

77. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
As its name suggests, the siunitx package supports all SI units. It also supports standard prefixes, such as giga- and femto-.
\SI{3}{\giga\hertz} 3 GHz
\SI{3}{GHz} 3 GHz\SI{19}{\meter\per\second}19 m s
−1
\SI{54.1}{kg.m/s^2}54.1 kg m/s
2
\SI{32932e-3213}{\micro F}32 932×10
−3213
µF\SI{3.2}{kg/Ωano\meter\squared}3.2 kg/nm
2
\SI{8.9}{\kilo\gramΨothe{12}}8.9 kg
12
\SI{8.9}{\kilo\gramΨothe{12}}8.9 kg
12
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 22 / 43

78. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
As its name suggests, the siunitx package supports all SI units. It also supports standard prefixes, such as giga- and femto-.
\SI{3}{\giga\hertz} 3 GHz
\SI{3}{GHz} 3 GHz\SI{19}{\meter\per\second}19 m s
−1
\SI{54.1}{kg.m/s^2}54.1 kg m/s
2
\SI{32932e-3213}{\micro F}32 932×10
−3213
µF\SI{3.2}{kg/Ωano\meter\squared}3.2 kg/nm
2
\SI{8.9}{\kilo\gramΨothe{12}}8.9 kg
12
\SI{8.9}{\kilo\gramΨothe{12}}8.9 kg
12
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 22 / 43

79. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
As its name suggests, the siunitx package supports all SI units. It also supports standard prefixes, such as giga- and femto-.
\SI{3}{\giga\hertz} 3 GHz
\SI{3}{GHz} 3 GHz\SI{19}{\meter\per\second}19 m s
−1
\SI{54.1}{kg.m/s^2}54.1 kg m/s
2
\SI{32932e-3213}{\micro F}32 932×10
−3213
µF\SI{3.2}{kg/Ωano\meter\squared}3.2 kg/nm
2
\SI{8.9}{\kilo\gramΨothe{12}}8.9 kg
12
\SI{8.9}{\kilo\gramΨothe{12}}8.9 kg
12
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 22 / 43

80. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
As its name suggests, the siunitx package supports all SI units. It also supports standard prefixes, such as giga- and femto-.
\SI{3}{\giga\hertz} 3 GHz
\SI{3}{GHz} 3 GHz\SI{19}{\meter\per\second}19 m s
−1
\SI{54.1}{kg.m/s^2}54.1 kg m/s
2
\SI{32932e-3213}{\micro F}32 932×10
−3213
µF\SI{3.2}{kg/Ωano\meter\squared}3.2 kg/nm
2
\SI{8.9}{\kilo\gramΨothe{12}}8.9 kg
12
\SI{8.9}{\kilo\gramΨothe{12}}8.9 kg
12
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 22 / 43

81. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
As its name suggests, the siunitx package supports all SI units. It also supports standard prefixes, such as giga- and femto-.
\SI{3}{\giga\hertz} 3 GHz
\SI{3}{GHz} 3 GHz\SI{19}{\meter\per\second}19 m s
−1
\SI{54.1}{kg.m/s^2}54.1 kg m/s
2
\SI{32932e-3213}{\micro F}32 932×10
−3213
µF\SI{3.2}{kg/Ωano\meter\squared}3.2 kg/nm
2
\SI{8.9}{\kilo\gramΨothe{12}}8.9 kg
12
\SI{8.9}{\kilo\gramΨothe{12}}8.9 kg
12
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 22 / 43

82. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
As its name suggests, the siunitx package supports all SI units. It also supports standard prefixes, such as giga- and femto-.
\SI{3}{\giga\hertz} 3 GHz
\SI{3}{GHz} 3 GHz\SI{19}{\meter\per\second}19 m s
−1
\SI{54.1}{kg.m/s^2}54.1 kg m/s
2
\SI{32932e-3213}{\micro F}32 932×10
−3213
µF\SI{3.2}{kg/Ωano\meter\squared}3.2 kg/nm
2
\SI{8.9}{\kilo\gramΨothe{12}}8.9 kg
12
\SI{8.9}{\kilo\gramΨothe{12}}8.9 kg
12
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 22 / 43

83. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
By default, reciprocals of units are displayed as negative powers; to
display them as fractions, import the package with the command
\usepackage[per-mode=fraction]{siunitx}. The siunitx package contains several other useful commands: Ωumworks just like the first argument of\SIby itself, and\si
works like the second part.
Ωum{3.0} 3.0
Ωum{3.0e5} 3.0×10
5
\si{\kilo\gram\perΨesla}kg T
−1
\si{\lumen\per'adian}lm rad
−1
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 23 / 43

84. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
By default, reciprocals of units are displayed as negative powers; to
display them as fractions, import the package with the command
\usepackage[per-mode=fraction]{siunitx}. The siunitx package contains several other useful commands: Ωumworks just like the first argument of\SIby itself, and\si
works like the second part.
Ωum{3.0} 3.0
Ωum{3.0e5} 3.0×10
5
\si{\kilo\gram\perΨesla}kg T
−1
\si{\lumen\per'adian}lm rad
−1
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 23 / 43

85. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
By default, reciprocals of units are displayed as negative powers; to
display them as fractions, import the package with the command
\usepackage[per-mode=fraction]{siunitx}. The siunitx package contains several other useful commands: Ωumworks just like the first argument of\SIby itself, and\si
works like the second part.
Ωum{3.0} 3.0
Ωum{3.0e5} 3.0×10
5
\si{\kilo\gram\perΨesla}kg T
−1
\si{\lumen\per'adian}lm rad
−1
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 23 / 43

86. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
By default, reciprocals of units are displayed as negative powers; to
display them as fractions, import the package with the command
\usepackage[per-mode=fraction]{siunitx}. The siunitx package contains several other useful commands: Ωumworks just like the first argument of\SIby itself, and\si
works like the second part.
Ωum{3.0} 3.0
Ωum{3.0e5} 3.0×10
5
\si{\kilo\gram\perΨesla}kg T
−1
\si{\lumen\per'adian}lm rad
−1
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 23 / 43

87. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
By default, reciprocals of units are displayed as negative powers; to
display them as fractions, import the package with the command
\usepackage[per-mode=fraction]{siunitx}. The siunitx package contains several other useful commands: Ωumworks just like the first argument of\SIby itself, and\si
works like the second part.
Ωum{3.0} 3.0
Ωum{3.0e5} 3.0×10
5
\si{\kilo\gram\perΨesla}kg T
−1
\si{\lumen\per'adian}lm rad
−1
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 23 / 43

88. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
By default, reciprocals of units are displayed as negative powers; to
display them as fractions, import the package with the command
\usepackage[per-mode=fraction]{siunitx}. The siunitx package contains several other useful commands: Ωumworks just like the first argument of\SIby itself, and\si
works like the second part.
Ωum{3.0} 3.0
Ωum{3.0e5} 3.0×10
5
\si{\kilo\gram\perΨesla}kg T
−1
\si{\lumen\per'adian}lm rad
−1
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 23 / 43

89. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
By default, reciprocals of units are displayed as negative powers; to
display them as fractions, import the package with the command
\usepackage[per-mode=fraction]{siunitx}. The siunitx package contains several other useful commands: Ωumworks just like the first argument of\SIby itself, and\si
works like the second part.
Ωum{3.0} 3.0
Ωum{3.0e5} 3.0×10
5
\si{\kilo\gram\perΨesla}kg T
−1
\si{\lumen\per'adian}lm rad
−1
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 23 / 43

90. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
By default, reciprocals of units are displayed as negative powers; to
display them as fractions, import the package with the command
\usepackage[per-mode=fraction]{siunitx}. The siunitx package contains several other useful commands: Ωumworks just like the first argument of\SIby itself, and\si
works like the second part.
Ωum{3.0} 3.0
Ωum{3.0e5} 3.0×10
5
\si{\kilo\gram\perΨesla}kg T
−1
\si{\lumen\per'adian}lm rad
−1
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 23 / 43

91. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
By default, reciprocals of units are displayed as negative powers; to
display them as fractions, import the package with the command
\usepackage[per-mode=fraction]{siunitx}. The siunitx package contains several other useful commands: Ωumworks just like the first argument of\SIby itself, and\si
works like the second part.
Ωum{3.0} 3.0
Ωum{3.0e5} 3.0×10
5
\si{\kilo\gram\perΨesla}kg T
−1
\si{\lumen\per'adian}lm rad
−1
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 23 / 43

92. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
By default, reciprocals of units are displayed as negative powers; to
display them as fractions, import the package with the command
\usepackage[per-mode=fraction]{siunitx}. The siunitx package contains several other useful commands: Ωumworks just like the first argument of\SIby itself, and\si
works like the second part.
Ωum{3.0} 3.0
Ωum{3.0e5} 3.0×10
5
\si{\kilo\gram\perΨesla}kg T
−1
\si{\lumen\per'adian}lm rad
−1
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 23 / 43

93. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
Additionally, there is a command for typing numbers with the same
units.
Numbers are separated by semi-colons, and commands and an\and"
are inserted automatically.
\SIlist{1;2.3;-534;7.3e-5}{\joule\per\second}1 J s
−1
, 2.3 J s
−1
,−534 J s
−1
and 7.3×10
−5
J s
−1
For more information on this package, check out its manual on CTAN
at ctan.org/pkg/siunitx
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 24 / 43

94. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
Additionally, there is a command for typing numbers with the same
units.
Numbers are separated by semi-colons, and commands and an\and"
are inserted automatically.
\SIlist{1;2.3;-534;7.3e-5}{\joule\per\second}1 J s
−1
, 2.3 J s
−1
,−534 J s
−1
and 7.3×10
−5
J s
−1
For more information on this package, check out its manual on CTAN
at ctan.org/pkg/siunitx
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 24 / 43

95. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
Additionally, there is a command for typing numbers with the same
units.
Numbers are separated by semi-colons, and commands and an\and"
are inserted automatically.
\SIlist{1;2.3;-534;7.3e-5}{\joule\per\second}1 J s
−1
, 2.3 J s
−1
,−534 J s
−1
and 7.3×10
−5
J s
−1
For more information on this package, check out its manual on CTAN
at ctan.org/pkg/siunitx
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 24 / 43

96. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
Additionally, there is a command for typing numbers with the same
units.
Numbers are separated by semi-colons, and commands and an\and"
are inserted automatically.
\SIlist{1;2.3;-534;7.3e-5}{\joule\per\second}1 J s
−1
, 2.3 J s
−1
,−534 J s
−1
and 7.3×10
−5
J s
−1
For more information on this package, check out its manual on CTAN
at ctan.org/pkg/siunitx
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 24 / 43

97. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
Additionally, there is a command for typing numbers with the same
units.
Numbers are separated by semi-colons, and commands and an\and"
are inserted automatically.
\SIlist{1;2.3;-534;7.3e-5}{\joule\per\second}1 J s
−1
, 2.3 J s
−1
,−534 J s
−1
and 7.3×10
−5
J s
−1
For more information on this package, check out its manual on CTAN
at ctan.org/pkg/siunitx
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 24 / 43

98. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
Additionally, there is a command for typing numbers with the same
units.
Numbers are separated by semi-colons, and commands and an\and"
are inserted automatically.
\SIlist{1;2.3;-534;7.3e-5}{\joule\per\second}1 J s
−1
, 2.3 J s
−1
,−534 J s
−1
and 7.3×10
−5
J s
−1
For more information on this package, check out its manual on CTAN
at ctan.org/pkg/siunitx
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 24 / 43

99. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
Additionally, there is a command for typing numbers with the same
units.
Numbers are separated by semi-colons, and commands and an\and"
are inserted automatically.
\SIlist{1;2.3;-534;7.3e-5}{\joule\per\second}1 J s
−1
, 2.3 J s
−1
,−534 J s
−1
and 7.3×10
−5
J s
−1
For more information on this package, check out its manual on CTAN
at ctan.org/pkg/siunitx
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 24 / 43

100. The siunitx Package
The siunitx Package
Additionally, there is a command for typing numbers with the same
units.
Numbers are separated by semi-colons, and commands and an\and"
are inserted automatically.
\SIlist{1;2.3;-534;7.3e-5}{\joule\per\second}1 J s
−1
, 2.3 J s
−1
,−534 J s
−1
and 7.3×10
−5
J s
−1
For more information on this package, check out its manual on CTAN
at ctan.org/pkg/siunitx
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 24 / 43

101. ThemhchemPackage
ThemhchemPackage
L
ATEXmath mode is meant to write mathematics and is thus rather
ill-suited for typing chemical equations, mostly because atomic
symbols should not be italicized.
Themhchempackage provides the new command\ce, for typing
chemical equations.
\ce{H2SO4} H2SO4
\ce{AgCl2-}AgCl2
–
\ce{CrO4^2-}CrO4
2 –
\ce{^{235}_{92}U}
235
92U
We can also use\ceto make chemical equations.\ce{CO2+C -> 2CO}\[0.4em] CO2
+
C−−→2 CO\ce{H+ + OH- <=>> H20}H
+
+ OH
–
↽−−−⇀H20
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 25 / 43

102. ThemhchemPackage
ThemhchemPackage
L
ATEXmath mode is meant to write mathematics and is thus rather
ill-suited for typing chemical equations, mostly because atomic
symbols should not be italicized.
Themhchempackage provides the new command\ce, for typing
chemical equations.
\ce{H2SO4} H2SO4
\ce{AgCl2-}AgCl2
–
\ce{CrO4^2-}CrO4
2 –
\ce{^{235}_{92}U}
235
92U
We can also use\ceto make chemical equations.\ce{CO2+C -> 2CO}\[0.4em] CO2
+
C−−→2 CO\ce{H+ + OH- <=>> H20}H
+
+ OH
–
↽−−−⇀H20
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 25 / 43

103. ThemhchemPackage
ThemhchemPackage
L
ATEXmath mode is meant to write mathematics and is thus rather
ill-suited for typing chemical equations, mostly because atomic
symbols should not be italicized.
Themhchempackage provides the new command\ce, for typing
chemical equations.
\ce{H2SO4} H2SO4
\ce{AgCl2-}AgCl2
–
\ce{CrO4^2-}CrO4
2 –
\ce{^{235}_{92}U}
235
92U
We can also use\ceto make chemical equations.\ce{CO2+C -> 2CO}\[0.4em] CO2
+
C−−→2 CO\ce{H+ + OH- <=>> H20}H
+
+ OH
–
↽−−−⇀H20
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 25 / 43

104. ThemhchemPackage
ThemhchemPackage
L
ATEXmath mode is meant to write mathematics and is thus rather
ill-suited for typing chemical equations, mostly because atomic
symbols should not be italicized.
Themhchempackage provides the new command\ce, for typing
chemical equations.
\ce{H2SO4} H2SO4
\ce{AgCl2-}AgCl2
–
\ce{CrO4^2-}CrO4
2 –
\ce{^{235}_{92}U}
235
92U
We can also use\ceto make chemical equations.\ce{CO2+C -> 2CO}\[0.4em] CO2
+
C−−→2 CO\ce{H+ + OH- <=>> H20}H
+
+ OH
–
↽−−−⇀H20
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 25 / 43

105. ThemhchemPackage
ThemhchemPackage
L
ATEXmath mode is meant to write mathematics and is thus rather
ill-suited for typing chemical equations, mostly because atomic
symbols should not be italicized.
Themhchempackage provides the new command\ce, for typing
chemical equations.
\ce{H2SO4} H2SO4
\ce{AgCl2-}AgCl2
–
\ce{CrO4^2-}CrO4
2 –
\ce{^{235}_{92}U}
235
92U
We can also use\ceto make chemical equations.\ce{CO2+C -> 2CO}\[0.4em] CO2
+
C−−→2 CO\ce{H+ + OH- <=>> H20}H
+
+ OH
–
↽−−−⇀H20
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 25 / 43

106. ThemhchemPackage
ThemhchemPackage
L
ATEXmath mode is meant to write mathematics and is thus rather
ill-suited for typing chemical equations, mostly because atomic
symbols should not be italicized.
Themhchempackage provides the new command\ce, for typing
chemical equations.
\ce{H2SO4} H2SO4
\ce{AgCl2-}AgCl2
–
\ce{CrO4^2-}CrO4
2 –
\ce{^{235}_{92}U}
235
92U
We can also use\ceto make chemical equations.\ce{CO2+C -> 2CO}\[0.4em] CO2
+
C−−→2 CO\ce{H+ + OH- <=>> H20}H
+
+ OH
–
↽−−−⇀H20
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 25 / 43

107. ThemhchemPackage
ThemhchemPackage
L
ATEXmath mode is meant to write mathematics and is thus rather
ill-suited for typing chemical equations, mostly because atomic
symbols should not be italicized.
Themhchempackage provides the new command\ce, for typing
chemical equations.
\ce{H2SO4} H2SO4
\ce{AgCl2-}AgCl2
–
\ce{CrO4^2-}CrO4
2 –
\ce{^{235}_{92}U}
235
92U
We can also use\ceto make chemical equations.\ce{CO2+C -> 2CO}\[0.4em] CO2
+
C−−→2 CO\ce{H+ + OH- <=>> H20}H
+
+ OH
–
↽−−−⇀H20
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 25 / 43

108. ThemhchemPackage
ThemhchemPackage
L
ATEXmath mode is meant to write mathematics and is thus rather
ill-suited for typing chemical equations, mostly because atomic
symbols should not be italicized.
Themhchempackage provides the new command\ce, for typing
chemical equations.
\ce{H2SO4} H2SO4
\ce{AgCl2-}AgCl2
–
\ce{CrO4^2-}CrO4
2 –
\ce{^{235}_{92}U}
235
92U
We can also use\ceto make chemical equations.\ce{CO2+C -> 2CO}\[0.4em] CO2
+
C−−→2 CO\ce{H+ + OH- <=>> H20}H
+
+ OH
–
↽−−−⇀H20
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 25 / 43

109. ThemhchemPackage
ThemhchemPackage
L
ATEXmath mode is meant to write mathematics and is thus rather
ill-suited for typing chemical equations, mostly because atomic
symbols should not be italicized.
Themhchempackage provides the new command\ce, for typing
chemical equations.
\ce{H2SO4} H2SO4
\ce{AgCl2-}AgCl2
–
\ce{CrO4^2-}CrO4
2 –
\ce{^{235}_{92}U}
235
92U
We can also use\ceto make chemical equations.\ce{CO2+C -> 2CO}\[0.4em] CO2
+
C−−→2 CO\ce{H+ + OH- <=>> H20}H
+
+ OH
–
↽−−−⇀H20
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 25 / 43

110. TheamsthmPackage
TheamsthmPackage
Professional mathematics publications often separate theorems,
definitions, and other important information from the text, like so.
Doing this in LATEX requires the amsthm package, which gives us
commands to define environments for theorems, propositions, and the
like the name of the new environment, and the second is what should
be displayed.
For instance, placingΩewtheorem{thm}{Theorem}in the preamble
allows us to make a theorem using the newly defined theorem
environment.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 26 / 43

111. TheamsthmPackage
TheamsthmPackage
Professional mathematics publications often separate theorems,
definitions, and other important information from the text, like so.
Doing this in LATEX requires the amsthm package, which gives us
commands to define environments for theorems, propositions, and the
like the name of the new environment, and the second is what should
be displayed.
For instance, placingΩewtheorem{thm}{Theorem}in the preamble
allows us to make a theorem using the newly defined theorem
environment.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 26 / 43

112. TheamsthmPackage
TheamsthmPackage
Professional mathematics publications often separate theorems,
definitions, and other important information from the text, like so.
Doing this in LATEX requires the amsthm package, which gives us
commands to define environments for theorems, propositions, and the
like the name of the new environment, and the second is what should
be displayed.
For instance, placingΩewtheorem{thm}{Theorem}in the preamble
allows us to make a theorem using the newly defined theorem
environment.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 26 / 43

113. TheamsthmPackage
TheamsthmPackage
Professional mathematics publications often separate theorems,
definitions, and other important information from the text, like so.
Doing this in LATEX requires the amsthm package, which gives us
commands to define environments for theorems, propositions, and the
like the name of the new environment, and the second is what should
be displayed.
For instance, placingΩewtheorem{thm}{Theorem}in the preamble
allows us to make a theorem using the newly defined theorem
environment.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 26 / 43

114. TheamsthmPackage
TheamsthmPackage
To prevent LATEX from numbering the environment, use the
Ωewtheorem*command.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 27 / 43

115. TheamsthmPackage
TheamsthmPackage
To prevent LATEX from numbering the environment, use the
Ωewtheorem*command.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 27 / 43

116. TheamsthmPackage
TheamsthmPackage
Every environment created in this way takes an optional argument,
which indicates text to be places in parentheses.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 28 / 43

117. TheamsthmPackage
TheamsthmPackage
Every environment created in this way takes an optional argument,
which indicates text to be places in parentheses.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 28 / 43

118. TheamsthmPackage
TheamsthmPackage
Every environment created in this way takes an optional argument,
which indicates text to be places in parentheses.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 28 / 43

119. TheamsthmPackage
TheamsthmPackage
Every environment created in this way takes an optional argument,
which indicates text to be places in parentheses.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 28 / 43

120. TheamsthmPackage
amsthm- Proofs
Theamsthmpackage comes with one predefined environment, the
proof environment, which does just what you expect.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 29 / 43

121. TheamsthmPackage
amsthm- Proofs
Theamsthmpackage comes with one predefined environment, the
proof environment, which does just what you expect.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 29 / 43

122. TheamsthmPackage
amsthm- Proofs
Theamsthmpackage comes with one predefined environment, the
proof environment, which does just what you expect.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 29 / 43

123. TheamsthmPackage
amsthm- Proofs
If you end a proof with a displayed equation, the Halmos box may not
go in the right position. To place it in a specific spot, use the
command\qedhere.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 30 / 43

124. TheamsthmPackage
amsthm- Proofs
If you end a proof with a displayed equation, the Halmos box may not
go in the right position. To place it in a specific spot, use the
command\qedhere.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 30 / 43

125. TheamsthmPackage
amsthm- Proofs
If you end a proof with a displayed equation, the Halmos box may not
go in the right position. To place it in a specific spot, use the
command\qedhere.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 30 / 43

126. TheamsthmPackage
amsthm- Proofs
If you end a proof with a displayed equation, the Halmos box may not
go in the right position. To place it in a specific spot, use the
command\qedhere.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 30 / 43

127. TheamsthmPackage
amsthm- Theorem Styles
There are three possible styles for environment defined usingamsthm:
1
plain(thedefault),
2
definition
3
remark
To specify a style, groupΩewtheoremcommands into blocks
according to the style you would like them to have, then place
Ψheoremstyle{<style>}before each block.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 31 / 43

128. TheamsthmPackage
amsthm- Theorem Styles
There are three possible styles for environment defined usingamsthm:
1
plain(thedefault),
2
definition
3
remark
To specify a style, groupΩewtheoremcommands into blocks
according to the style you would like them to have, then place
Ψheoremstyle{<style>}before each block.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 31 / 43

129. TheamsthmPackage
amsthm- Theorem Styles
There are three possible styles for environment defined usingamsthm:
1
plain(thedefault),
2
definition
3
remark
To specify a style, groupΩewtheoremcommands into blocks
according to the style you would like them to have, then place
Ψheoremstyle{<style>}before each block.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 31 / 43

130. TheamsthmPackage
amsthm- Theorem Styles
There are three possible styles for environment defined usingamsthm:
1
plain(thedefault),
2
definition
3
remark
To specify a style, groupΩewtheoremcommands into blocks
according to the style you would like them to have, then place
Ψheoremstyle{<style>}before each block.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 31 / 43

131. TheamsthmPackage
amsthm- Theorem Styles
There are three possible styles for environment defined usingamsthm:
1
plain(thedefault),
2
definition
3
remark
To specify a style, groupΩewtheoremcommands into blocks
according to the style you would like them to have, then place
Ψheoremstyle{<style>}before each block.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 31 / 43

132. TheamsthmPackage
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 32 / 43

133. Beamer
Beamer
Introduction
Beamer is a LATEX class for creating presentations that are held
using a projector, but it can also be used to create transparency slides.
A beamer presentation is created like any other LATEX document: It
has apreambleanda body, the body contains\sectionsand
\subsections, the differentslides(calledframesin beamer) are put
in environments, they are structured using itemize and enumerate
environments, and so on.
The obviousdisadvantageof this approach is that you have to know
LATEX in order to use beamer.
Theadvantageis that if you know LATEX, you can use your
knowledge of LATEX also when creating a presentation, not only
when writing papers.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 33 / 43

134. Beamer
Beamer
Introduction
Beamer is a LATEX class for creating presentations that are held
using a projector, but it can also be used to create transparency slides.
A beamer presentation is created like any other LATEX document: It
has apreambleanda body, the body contains\sectionsand
\subsections, the differentslides(calledframesin beamer) are put
in environments, they are structured using itemize and enumerate
environments, and so on.
The obviousdisadvantageof this approach is that you have to know
LATEX in order to use beamer.
Theadvantageis that if you know LATEX, you can use your
knowledge of LATEX also when creating a presentation, not only
when writing papers.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 33 / 43

135. Beamer
Beamer
Introduction
Beamer is a LATEX class for creating presentations that are held
using a projector, but it can also be used to create transparency slides.
A beamer presentation is created like any other LATEX document: It
has apreambleanda body, the body contains\sectionsand
\subsections, the differentslides(calledframesin beamer) are put
in environments, they are structured using itemize and enumerate
environments, and so on.
The obviousdisadvantageof this approach is that you have to know
LATEX in order to use beamer.
Theadvantageis that if you know LATEX, you can use your
knowledge of LATEX also when creating a presentation, not only
when writing papers.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 33 / 43

136. Beamer
Beamer
Introduction
Beamer is a LATEX class for creating presentations that are held
using a projector, but it can also be used to create transparency slides.
A beamer presentation is created like any other LATEX document: It
has apreambleanda body, the body contains\sectionsand
\subsections, the differentslides(calledframesin beamer) are put
in environments, they are structured using itemize and enumerate
environments, and so on.
The obviousdisadvantageof this approach is that you have to know
LATEX in order to use beamer.
Theadvantageis that if you know LATEX, you can use your
knowledge of LATEX also when creating a presentation, not only
when writing papers.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 33 / 43

137. Beamer
General rule - Beamer
Command: Environment:
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 34 / 43

138. Beamer
General rule - Beamer
Command: Environment:
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 34 / 43

139. Beamer
Frame
Each Beamer project is made up of a series of frames. Each frame produces one or more slides, depending on the slides
overlays, which will be discussed later.
A frame is produced with the environment frame; it may come in one
of the following forms:
Φegin{frame}{Frame title} Φegin{frame}{Frame title}{Frame subtitle}
Both of these forms can take an optional argument that specifies the
vertical alignment of the content of a frame
default),
Example
Φegin{frame}[t]{Frame title goes here}
Frame body text and/or LATEX code
\end {frame}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 35 / 43

140. Beamer
Frame
Each Beamer project is made up of a series of frames. Each frame produces one or more slides, depending on the slides
overlays, which will be discussed later.
A frame is produced with the environment frame; it may come in one
of the following forms:
Φegin{frame}{Frame title} Φegin{frame}{Frame title}{Frame subtitle}
Both of these forms can take an optional argument that specifies the
vertical alignment of the content of a frame
default),
Example
Φegin{frame}[t]{Frame title goes here}
Frame body text and/or LATEX code
\end {frame}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 35 / 43

141. Beamer
Frame
Each Beamer project is made up of a series of frames. Each frame produces one or more slides, depending on the slides
overlays, which will be discussed later.
A frame is produced with the environment frame; it may come in one
of the following forms:
Φegin{frame}{Frame title} Φegin{frame}{Frame title}{Frame subtitle}
Both of these forms can take an optional argument that specifies the
vertical alignment of the content of a frame
default),
Example
Φegin{frame}[t]{Frame title goes here}
Frame body text and/or LATEX code
\end {frame}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 35 / 43

142. Beamer
Frame
Each Beamer project is made up of a series of frames. Each frame produces one or more slides, depending on the slides
overlays, which will be discussed later.
A frame is produced with the environment frame; it may come in one
of the following forms:
Φegin{frame}{Frame title} Φegin{frame}{Frame title}{Frame subtitle}
Both of these forms can take an optional argument that specifies the
vertical alignment of the content of a frame
default),
Example
Φegin{frame}[t]{Frame title goes here}
Frame body text and/or LATEX code
\end {frame}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 35 / 43

143. Beamer
Frame
Each Beamer project is made up of a series of frames. Each frame produces one or more slides, depending on the slides
overlays, which will be discussed later.
A frame is produced with the environment frame; it may come in one
of the following forms:
Φegin{frame}{Frame title} Φegin{frame}{Frame title}{Frame subtitle}
Both of these forms can take an optional argument that specifies the
vertical alignment of the content of a frame
default),
Example
Φegin{frame}[t]{Frame title goes here}
Frame body text and/or LATEX code
\end {frame}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 35 / 43

144. Beamer
Frame
Each Beamer project is made up of a series of frames. Each frame produces one or more slides, depending on the slides
overlays, which will be discussed later.
A frame is produced with the environment frame; it may come in one
of the following forms:
Φegin{frame}{Frame title} Φegin{frame}{Frame title}{Frame subtitle}
Both of these forms can take an optional argument that specifies the
vertical alignment of the content of a frame
default),
Example
Φegin{frame}[t]{Frame title goes here}
Frame body text and/or LATEX code
\end {frame}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 35 / 43

145. Beamer
Frame
Each Beamer project is made up of a series of frames. Each frame produces one or more slides, depending on the slides
overlays, which will be discussed later.
A frame is produced with the environment frame; it may come in one
of the following forms:
Φegin{frame}{Frame title} Φegin{frame}{Frame title}{Frame subtitle}
Both of these forms can take an optional argument that specifies the
vertical alignment of the content of a frame
default),
Example
Φegin{frame}[t]{Frame title goes here}
Frame body text and/or LATEX code
\end {frame}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 35 / 43

146. Beamer
Frame
Each Beamer project is made up of a series of frames. Each frame produces one or more slides, depending on the slides
overlays, which will be discussed later.
A frame is produced with the environment frame; it may come in one
of the following forms:
Φegin{frame}{Frame title} Φegin{frame}{Frame title}{Frame subtitle}
Both of these forms can take an optional argument that specifies the
vertical alignment of the content of a frame
default),
Example
Φegin{frame}[t]{Frame title goes here}
Frame body text and/or LATEX code
\end {frame}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 35 / 43

147. Beamer
Titling Information
Titling information go in the preamble, just as in normal LATEX.
Ψitle [short title] {long title} \subtitle [short subtitle]{long subtitle} \author [short name]{long name} \date [short date]{long date} \institution [short name]{long name}As in normal LATEX documents, titling information are not actually
printed until you tell it to do so, with the commandΨitlepage.
Example
Φegin{frame}
Ψitlepage
\end {frame}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 36 / 43

148. Beamer
Titling Information
Titling information go in the preamble, just as in normal LATEX.
Ψitle [short title] {long title} \subtitle [short subtitle]{long subtitle} \author [short name]{long name} \date [short date]{long date} \institution [short name]{long name}As in normal LATEX documents, titling information are not actually
printed until you tell it to do so, with the commandΨitlepage.
Example
Φegin{frame}
Ψitlepage
\end {frame}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 36 / 43

149. Beamer
Titling Information
Titling information go in the preamble, just as in normal LATEX.
Ψitle [short title] {long title} \subtitle [short subtitle]{long subtitle} \author [short name]{long name} \date [short date]{long date} \institution [short name]{long name}As in normal LATEX documents, titling information are not actually
printed until you tell it to do so, with the commandΨitlepage.
Example
Φegin{frame}
Ψitlepage
\end {frame}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 36 / 43

150. Beamer
Titling Information
Titling information go in the preamble, just as in normal LATEX.
Ψitle [short title] {long title} \subtitle [short subtitle]{long subtitle} \author [short name]{long name} \date [short date]{long date} \institution [short name]{long name}As in normal LATEX documents, titling information are not actually
printed until you tell it to do so, with the commandΨitlepage.
Example
Φegin{frame}
Ψitlepage
\end {frame}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 36 / 43

151. Beamer
Titling Information
Titling information go in the preamble, just as in normal LATEX.
Ψitle [short title] {long title} \subtitle [short subtitle]{long subtitle} \author [short name]{long name} \date [short date]{long date} \institution [short name]{long name}As in normal LATEX documents, titling information are not actually
printed until you tell it to do so, with the commandΨitlepage.
Example
Φegin{frame}
Ψitlepage
\end {frame}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 36 / 43

152. Beamer
Titling Information
Titling information go in the preamble, just as in normal LATEX.
Ψitle [short title] {long title} \subtitle [short subtitle]{long subtitle} \author [short name]{long name} \date [short date]{long date} \institution [short name]{long name}As in normal LATEX documents, titling information are not actually
printed until you tell it to do so, with the commandΨitlepage.
Example
Φegin{frame}
Ψitlepage
\end {frame}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 36 / 43

153. Beamer
Titling Information
Titling information go in the preamble, just as in normal LATEX.
Ψitle [short title] {long title} \subtitle [short subtitle]{long subtitle} \author [short name]{long name} \date [short date]{long date} \institution [short name]{long name}As in normal LATEX documents, titling information are not actually
printed until you tell it to do so, with the commandΨitlepage.
Example
Φegin{frame}
Ψitlepage
\end {frame}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 36 / 43

154. Beamer
Titling Information
Titling information go in the preamble, just as in normal LATEX.
Ψitle [short title] {long title} \subtitle [short subtitle]{long subtitle} \author [short name]{long name} \date [short date]{long date} \institution [short name]{long name}As in normal LATEX documents, titling information are not actually
printed until you tell it to do so, with the commandΨitlepage.
Example
Φegin{frame}
Ψitlepage
\end {frame}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 36 / 43

155. Beamer
Table of Contents
The table of contents is created dynamically on the sections and
subsections of the presentation, with the command
Ψableofcontents.
It takes a number of optional arguments; the most common is
pausesections, which pauses between items in the table of contents.
Example
Φegin{frame}
Ψableofcontents[pausesections]
\end {frame}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 37 / 43

156. Beamer
Table of Contents
The table of contents is created dynamically on the sections and
subsections of the presentation, with the command
Ψableofcontents.
It takes a number of optional arguments; the most common is
pausesections, which pauses between items in the table of contents.
Example
Φegin{frame}
Ψableofcontents[pausesections]
\end {frame}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 37 / 43

157. Beamer
Table of Contents
The table of contents is created dynamically on the sections and
subsections of the presentation, with the command
Ψableofcontents.
It takes a number of optional arguments; the most common is
pausesections, which pauses between items in the table of contents.
Example
Φegin{frame}
Ψableofcontents[pausesections]
\end {frame}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 37 / 43

158. Beamer
Table of Contents
The table of contents is created dynamically on the sections and
subsections of the presentation, with the command
Ψableofcontents.
It takes a number of optional arguments; the most common is
pausesections, which pauses between items in the table of contents.
Example
Φegin{frame}
Ψableofcontents[pausesections]
\end {frame}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 37 / 43

159. Beamer
Section and Subsections
We use the LATEX commands
\section \subsection \subsubsection
Sectioning commands should be placed outside frames. These commands create entries in the table of contents. They also
create entries in the navigation bar (if one is available).
They do NOT create a frame heading
Example
\section{Beamer basics}
Φegin{frame}
Sectioning commands are placed Ψextbf {outside} frames. \pause
\end {frame}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 38 / 43

160. Beamer
Section and Subsections
We use the LATEX commands
\section \subsection \subsubsection
Sectioning commands should be placed outside frames. These commands create entries in the table of contents. They also
create entries in the navigation bar (if one is available).
They do NOT create a frame heading
Example
\section{Beamer basics}
Φegin{frame}
Sectioning commands are placed Ψextbf {outside} frames. \pause
\end {frame}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 38 / 43

161. Beamer
Section and Subsections
We use the LATEX commands
\section \subsection \subsubsection
Sectioning commands should be placed outside frames. These commands create entries in the table of contents. They also
create entries in the navigation bar (if one is available).
They do NOT create a frame heading
Example
\section{Beamer basics}
Φegin{frame}
Sectioning commands are placed Ψextbf {outside} frames. \pause
\end {frame}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 38 / 43

162. Beamer
Section and Subsections
We use the LATEX commands
\section \subsection \subsubsection
Sectioning commands should be placed outside frames. These commands create entries in the table of contents. They also
create entries in the navigation bar (if one is available).
They do NOT create a frame heading
Example
\section{Beamer basics}
Φegin{frame}
Sectioning commands are placed Ψextbf {outside} frames. \pause
\end {frame}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 38 / 43

163. Beamer
Section and Subsections
We use the LATEX commands
\section \subsection \subsubsection
Sectioning commands should be placed outside frames. These commands create entries in the table of contents. They also
create entries in the navigation bar (if one is available).
They do NOT create a frame heading
Example
\section{Beamer basics}
Φegin{frame}
Sectioning commands are placed Ψextbf {outside} frames. \pause
\end {frame}
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 38 / 43

164. Beamer
Common text commands and environment
You can use the same text commands in Beamer as you do in LATEX
to change the way your text is displayed\emph Ψextbf ...
You can also use the same LATEX environments
enumerate itemize description ...
The same goes for alignment environments
center flushleft flushright
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 39 / 43

165. Beamer
Common text commands and environment
You can use the same text commands in Beamer as you do in LATEX
to change the way your text is displayed\emph Ψextbf ...
You can also use the same LATEX environments
enumerate itemize description ...
The same goes for alignment environments
center flushleft flushright
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 39 / 43

166. Beamer
Common text commands and environment
You can use the same text commands in Beamer as you do in LATEX
to change the way your text is displayed\emph Ψextbf ...
You can also use the same LATEX environments
enumerate itemize description ...
The same goes for alignment environments
center flushleft flushright
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 39 / 43

167. Beamer
Spacing
A vertical space can be indicated by using the\vskip<number>pt
command.
For example,\vskip15ptwill produce a 15 point vertical space.
A vertical space can be indicated by using the\vskip<number>pt
command.
For example,\vskip15ptwill produce a 15 point vertical space.
A vertical space can be indicated by using the\vskip<number>pt
command
For example,\vskip15ptwill produce a 15 point vertical space.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 40 / 43

168. Beamer
Spacing
A vertical space can be indicated by using the\vskip<number>pt
command.
For example,\vskip15ptwill produce a 15 point vertical space.
A vertical space can be indicated by using the\vskip<number>pt
command.
For example,\vskip15ptwill produce a 15 point vertical space.
A vertical space can be indicated by using the\vskip<number>pt
command
For example,\vskip15ptwill produce a 15 point vertical space.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 40 / 43

169. Beamer
Spacing
A vertical space can be indicated by using the\vskip<number>pt
command.
For example,\vskip15ptwill produce a 15 point vertical space.
A vertical space can be indicated by using the\vskip<number>pt
command.
For example,\vskip15ptwill produce a 15 point vertical space.
A vertical space can be indicated by using the\vskip<number>pt
command
For example,\vskip15ptwill produce a 15 point vertical space.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 40 / 43

170. Beamer
Spacing
A vertical space can be indicated by using the\vskip<number>pt
command.
For example,\vskip15ptwill produce a 15 point vertical space.
A vertical space can be indicated by using the\vskip<number>pt
command.
For example,\vskip15ptwill produce a 15 point vertical space.
A vertical space can be indicated by using the\vskip<number>pt
command
For example,\vskip15ptwill produce a 15 point vertical space.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 40 / 43

171. Beamer
Spacing
A vertical space can be indicated by using the\vskip<number>pt
command.
For example,\vskip15ptwill produce a 15 point vertical space.
A vertical space can be indicated by using the\vskip<number>pt
command.
For example,\vskip15ptwill produce a 15 point vertical space.
A vertical space can be indicated by using the\vskip<number>pt
command
For example,\vskip15ptwill produce a 15 point vertical space.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 40 / 43

172. Beamer
Spacing
A vertical space can be indicated by using the\vskip<number>pt
command.
For example,\vskip15ptwill produce a 15 point vertical space.
A vertical space can be indicated by using the\vskip<number>pt
command.
For example,\vskip15ptwill produce a 15 point vertical space.
A vertical space can be indicated by using the\vskip<number>pt
command
For example,\vskip15ptwill produce a 15 point vertical space.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 40 / 43

173. Beamer
Theorem
There exists an infinite set.
Proof.
This follows from the axiom of infinity.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 41 / 43

174. Beamer
Theorem
There exists an infinite set.
Proof.
This follows from the axiom of infinity.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 41 / 43

175. Beamer
Beamer provides many ways to structure your frames so they appear
well organized and are easy for the audience to follow. We will focus
on:
1
Columns
2
Blocks
3
Boxes (Borders)
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 42 / 43

176. Beamer
Beamer provides many ways to structure your frames so they appear
well organized and are easy for the audience to follow. We will focus
on:
1
Columns
2
Blocks
3
Boxes (Borders)
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 42 / 43

177. Beamer
Beamer provides many ways to structure your frames so they appear
well organized and are easy for the audience to follow. We will focus
on:
1
Columns
2
Blocks
3
Boxes (Borders)
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 42 / 43

178. Beamer
Beamer provides many ways to structure your frames so they appear
well organized and are easy for the audience to follow. We will focus
on:
1
Columns
2
Blocks
3
Boxes (Borders)
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 42 / 43

179. Beamer
The column environment is called as shown below:
First column textSecond column text
where .xx is the percentage of the width of the slide.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 43 / 43

180. Beamer
The column environment is called as shown below:
First column textSecond column text
where .xx is the percentage of the width of the slide.
Dr. Nirav Vyas (AU) Advance Topics in LATEX 43 / 43