Advanced GIS by Panda 404/504 lecturegis

gis

1. GEOL 404/504 GEOL 404/504
Advanced GISAdvanced GIS
Sudhanshu Sekhar Panda,
PhD
Lecturer/GeoSTAC Coordinator
GIS Training and Research Center
Idaho State University
Spring 2006

2. Lecture 2:Lecture 2:
GeodatabaseGeodatabase

3. Why Geodatabase?Why Geodatabase?
What do you need to do with your GIS data?
some suitable habitat mapping of endangered
species
Location of trade center
Watershed analysis and modeling
Etc..
There is a need to represent and store data in
a way that supports
Meaningful and accurate analysis
Organizational workflows.
Geodatabase supports for all these

4. ArcGIS Data StructuresArcGIS Data Structures
ArcGIS
Organizing
Spatial data
Vector Objects
Shape files
Coverages
Raster Objects
Grids
Images GDB
• Discrete representation• Use square cells
ArcGIS is an information
system for geographic data

5. WorkspacesWorkspaces
Arc/Info geo-
datasets
ArcView shape
files
Geodatabase
File-Based Data Sets Geodatabase
•Coverages
•Shapefiles
•Grids
•TINs
•Images (numerous formats)
•Vector Product Format
files
•Computer-aided design
files (numerous formats)
•Geography markup
language (numerous
profiles)
•Tables (numerous formats)
•Direct read of 100+ vector
and raster formats
•XML
•DB2 with its Spatial
type
•Informix with its
Spatial type
•SQL Server
•Oracle
•Oracle with Spatial or
Locator
•Personal geodatabases
(Microsoft Access)

6. What you will learn?What you will learn?
geographic data storing ability of
geodatabase
Understand the differences between the
two types of geodatabases
Components of the geodatabase
If raster dataset can be created in a
personal geodatabase
How to access information about a
geodatabase and its components

7. What Geodatabase Can What Geodatabase Can
Store?Store?
Geodatabase is a relational database (recall your
principles of GIS experience)
A container for storing
Spatial data
Attribute data
Relationship among the two
In a geodatabase, a vector data features and
their associated attributes can be stored in a
structure so that
They can work together as an integrated system using
rules, relationships, and topological associations.
(ESRI, 2006)

8. Advantages of Advantages of
GeodatabaseGeodatabase
It provide advantages for
Modeling
Analyzing
Managing
maintaining GIS data.
Using geodatabase GIS features can be
created that support real world feature
behavior
Data access from a centralized location
possible
(ESRI, 2006)

9. What Geodatabase can Do?What Geodatabase can Do?
Centralized GIS data management
Can accommodate large sets of features without
tiles or spatial partitions
Two-, three-, four-dimensional vector features,
curves, and multipart features can be stored
Coordinate geometry coverages can be converted
to geodatabase without any complicacy
You can classify features within a feature class
using subtypes
Can specify spatial relationships using
geodatabase topology rules
Validation rules available with geodatabase can
prevent errors
(ESRI, 2006)

10. What Geodatabase can Do? What Geodatabase can Do?
(cont..)(cont..)
Automatic annotation update is possible when the
representing feature is edited or deleted
Can add intelligence to features stored in a
geodatabase
Can model flow of resources using geometric
network based on topological relationship availed
through geodatabase
Can model relative locations along linear features
More than one person can edit a geodatabase at a
single point of time
Disconnected editing possible
XML data exchange is possible through geodatabase
(ESRI, 2006)

11. Types of GeoDatabasesTypes of GeoDatabases
Personal
*.mdb file extension
 Multiuser/
Professional (ArcSDE)
(ESRI, 2006)

12. Personal GeodatabasesPersonal Geodatabases
Personal geodatabases support single user
editing but multiple users reading at the same
time
No versioning support is provided
Typically, users will employ multiple personal
geodatabases for their data collections and
access these simultaneously for their GIS work
Only vector data can be stored but raster data
can be only referenced
Can store only up to a maximum size of 2 GB
data
Database management system is through
Microsoft Access
(ESRI, 2006)

13. ArcSDE GeodatabasesArcSDE Geodatabases
ArcSDE is a server software
product used to access
massively large multiuser
geographic databases
stored in relational
database management
systems (RDBMSs).
 It is an integrated part of
ArcGIS and a core element
of any enterprise GIS
solution. Its primary role is
to act as the GIS gateway
to spatial data stored in a
RDBMS.
(ESRI, 2006)

14. ArcSDE GeodatabasesArcSDE Geodatabases
Multiuser Geodatabases
Multiuser geodatabases require the use of ArcSDE and
work with a variety of RDBMS storage models
Multiuser geodatabases are primarily used in work
group, department, and enterprise settings
Extremely large, continuous GIS databases
Many simultaneous users
Long transactions and versioned work flows
Multiuser geodatabases readily scale to extremely
large sizes and numbers of users. Through many large
geodatabase implementations, ESRI has found that
RDBMSs are efficient at moving the type of large binary
objects required for GIS data in and out of tables.
Uses DB2, Oracle, Informix, SQL Server, etc.
No size limits
Can accommodate vector and raster data

15. GIS Database RequirementsGIS Database Requirements
Scale to large sizes (multiple terabytes).
Scale to large numbers of users (hundreds to
thousands).
Provide advanced GIS data models and
behavior.
Maintain spatial data integrity.
Support multiple users.
Deliver fast data retrieval.
Use simple data structures.
Support long transactions and GIS work flows.
Support multiple uses and applications.
Proven to work through real case studies.

16. Geodatabase StructureGeodatabase Structure
Stand-alone feature
classes
Feature dataset
Feature classes
inside
should share the
same spatial
reference
Non-spatial tables
DEMO

17. What is inside a What is inside a
Geodatabase?Geodatabase?
Stored outside personal
geodatabase but can be
referenced
Through geometry network
We can manage flow of
Resources: electricity, water, etc..

18. Defining Geodatabase Defining Geodatabase
StructureStructure
Import existing data
Create the structure
manually
Use CASE (computer-
aided software
engineering) tool
Refer ArcGIS Desktop
Help (Contents tab ->
Building a geodatabase -
> Building geodatabases
with CASE tools
(ESRI, 2006)

19. Importing Data to Importing Data to
GeodatabaseGeodatabase
Feature dataset
Feature class
XY tables
Relationship class
Raster datasets
Raster catalog
Survey datasets
ArcToolbox
Generate files (CAD
Feature Class)
(ESRI, 2006)
Refer ArcGIS Desktop Help
loading, Object Loader
loading, data, described

20. Importing Shape FilesImporting Shape Files
You can import a shape file into a Geodatabase
using the wizard in Arc Catalog.
You can use the default values or use custom
values.
You can change the coordinate system if you so
desire.

21. Importing CoveragesImporting Coverages
This is done by right clicking the geodatabase and
selecting import and choosing feature class
(multiple)
You have the option of using custom values
including:
Grid values
Coordinate system
Spatial index values
You can modify the
field names

22. Importing Interchange Importing Interchange
FilesFiles
Interchange (*.e00) formats should
be changed in Arc Toolbox first
You should use the Conversion tools
to guide you through converting the
interchange format to another format
of your desire.

23. Importing An Arc View GIS Importing An Arc View GIS
ProjectProject
Ensure that all data paths are correct.
After verifying that the ArcView GIS project
contains no table joins and that all themes
will load cleanly, save and close the project
and quit out of ArcView GIS.
Start ArcMap in the Data View mode.
Choose File > Import from ArcView project.
Browse to locate and select the *.apr file.
Note:
Views become Data frames.
Themes become Layers.
Only one layout is allowed.
Graphics and text are imported.

24. Importing TablesImporting Tables
Table Must be in Info or dBase format.
Use Arc Catalog.
Right click on Info or dBase file.
Select export- table to Geodatabase.
Follow the wizard.
You will be prompted to change illegal and duplicate
field names.

25. Importing Raster GridsImporting Raster Grids
You must use Arc Info or Arc
Editor
Raster must be imported into a
Geodatabase first.
You can select one of three
storage parameters
Pyramids
Tile Size
Data Compression

26. Importing CAD Feature Importing CAD Feature
ClassClass
Supported Feature classes include
AutoCAD's DWG
Micro Station's DGN
Drawing Interchange File (DXF) formats
Use Arc Catalog.
Select the CAD file.
Right click on it.
Click Export – CAD to GeoDatabase
You can make a new feature data set, or feature class.
You can also select the coordinate system, and Grid size.

27. Data Importing with Data Importing with
ConvertingConverting
Arc Catalog and Arc Toolbox are the
primary tools.
Imported files need to have
Spatial reference
Spatial index grid size
Data mapping
Metadata importing
Supported formats include:
Text
XML
Standard Generalized Markup Language
(SGML)

28. Geodatabase Load to Geodatabase Load to
ArcSDEArcSDE
Example of Loading geodatabase to
ArcSDE server for public access
spanda:
Subject to they
were provided
with access

29. Key ConceptsKey Concepts
This topic provides you with knowledge in
GIScience.
You will learn/experience some GIS-
housekeeping.
You will learn/experience new techniques and
tools.
You will learn new techniques to create GIS
data.

30. Getting started...Getting started...
Assignments…
Exercise hand-out