Advanced IPM PDF.pdf

Advanced IPM PDF.pdf

2. IPM or integrated pest management is complete
solution that incorporates multiple techniques for
enhanced control with a lower impact on the
human health and the environment. Due to the
multiple steps involved in the process, chemical
application is less important and monitoring the
property and pest activity is a necessity. Pesticide
applications therefore should be as precise as
possible, and always have a specific reason.

4. IPM or integrated pest management is a complete
solution that incorporates multiple techniques for
enhanced control with a lower impact on human
health and the environment. Due to the multiple
steps involved in the process, chemical
application is less important and monitoring the
property and pest activity is a necessity.
Pesticide applications therefore should be as
precise as possible, and always have a specific
reason.

5. Broadcast applications, and over-treating as a
precaution are therefore the old style of
treatment. Crack and crevice, spot treatments,
and void treatments are considered a better
solution and have therefore replaced the
outdated “the more the better” approach to pest
control. Crack and crevice treatments tend to
be more effective and are done using lower
amounts of product.

6. Since the product can be applied directly under
baseboards, and deep into cracks it limits the
exposure to the applicator and the homeowner.
Void treatments which are also considered low
impact are similar in the sense that there is little
exposure to the applicator and those within the
structure.

7. The use of dusts and baits can enhance a liquid
treatment and, in some cases, replace it. Dusts
can safely be applied in limited amounts to
sensitive areas of the home, particularly in void
areas. The use of a compressed air duster can
provide a complete method of treatment and
protection when used in the wall voids. Dusting
attics and crawl spaces can in many cases
eliminate the need for treatments in the living
space of a home. Gel baits are by design meant
to be used as spot treatments.

8. They are applied in less hidden areas compared
to dusts but aren’t generally used out in the
open. Door hinges and other niches in sensitive
areas are the prime target.In kitchens, hospital
rooms, and other sensitive areas gel baits
should be used to prevent contamination of food
contact surfaces, and other easily contaminated
areas. Food preparation counters, hospital beds
and other sensitive areas should be treated in a
manner that avoids the risk associated with drift,
and the food or human contact that could occur
as a result of liquid treatments.

9. Vacuuming should be the first part of any
treatment plan. On an initial service removing
insect bodies, food sources, and harborage will
aid in proper control. Also, insect eggs are
sucked up into the vacuum cleaner and removed
from the property when the vacuum is removed
by the technician.

10. If a customer is using their own vacuum it should
be taken outside and emptied directly into the
outside trash. Conducive conditions should be
identified and corrected whenever possible.
Conducive conditions include anything that can
aid the insect populations’ growth.

11. Dripping faucets, standing water, improperly
watered lawns, and other water related issues
provide some insects with water, but may also
provide a food source through mildew and
fungus. Many flies and other filth feeding insects
prefer decaying organic matter. This means that
accumulations of decaying fruit, dead leaves,
and even moss on the ground can provide them
with a food source.

12. Open doors, and windows with no screens, will
provide insects with an obvious entrance to the
structure, and a not so obvious entrance comes
from doors and windows not properly sealed.
Inadequate doors and windows should be
corrected with weather-stripping, door
thresholds, door sweeps or other forms of
exclusion to deter entry. Pipes and conduits
going through the stucco are often great entry
points for insects, and they should be sealed
using caulking or sealants. Damaged vent
screens should be repaired or replaced.

13. Because of these types of conditions, controlling
water on the property and constant sanitation
are necessary steps in any IPM plan. The
responsibility for controlling these conducive
conditions should be assigned as early as
possible. Some issues may be corrected by the
customer, and others by the pest control
technician. Without clearly defining a
recommendation, and assigning a responsibility
for correction, the likelihood of completion is very
low.

14. A good technician should devise a series of IPM
plans that can be used for different types of
treatments. For complicated properties a more
specific IPM plan should be used and written just
for that property. An IPM plan may be as simple
as the instructions listed on a pest agreement
and any special notes listed within.

15. It may also be a complicated written report
including a site map with specific instructions
listed by area. It is a good idea however to
document all findings and recommendations on
a property, to save them with the customer file,
and to take pictures of all relevant findings so
that they can be used to formulate the treatment
plan.

16. A well written IPM plan should define the specific
treatments to be done on the property, it should
note locations of bait stations, traps, glue boards,
and other items used for monitoring. A written
IPM plan should always be used for commercial
properties, but can be customized for residential
properties.

17. For commercial accounts a current, accurate
site map should be used and adjusted as
needed. The plan should always be updated
when changes occur to the property or
changes occur with the service to be
performed. Finally, the plan should define
which responsibilities belong to the pest
control technician and which belong to the
customer.

18. Communication is the most important part
of any IPM program. Customers need to be
educated on the service being provided to
them, and they need to be educated about
the properties they own or of which they are
left in charge. It’s very likely that the
customer doesn’t know about the issues
they are shown, or that they never believed
it to be a problem. Therefore, speaking
with the customer regularly will allow better
correction of conducive conditions and
better control on the property.

19. Part 2: Exclusion

20. Mechanical exclusion is a necessary step in
any IPM plan because it lowers the need for
chemical application.Exclusion in many cases
can lower pest intrusion to a point that no
further treatment is needed. Exclusion
therefore can be used to enhance a chemical
application or in many cases can be used to
replace it.Exclusion techniques include filling
holes, applying caulking, installing weather-
stripping, and many other tasks that lower the
levels of pest intrusion by mechanical means.

21. Caulking and sealants are applied in many
locations but the most common places include
countertops where water intrusion may attract
pests, around pipes where insects or rodents can
gain entry and over cracks and crevices where
insects may find harborage.
Exclusion is a necessary step in any IPM plan
because it lowers the need for chemical
application.

22. Exclusion in many cases can lower pest intrusion
to a point that no further treatment is needed.
Exclusion therefore can be used to enhance a
chemical application or in many cases can be
used to replace it.Exclusion techniques include
filling holes, applying caulking, installing weather-
stripping, and many other tasks that lower the
levels of pest intrusion by mechanical means.

23. Types of caulking
Oil based caulking
Low cost, easy to use, adhere well to most non-porous surfaces
Butyl rubber based caulking
Non-hardening, adhere well to masonry and concrete.Good water
resistance.
Latex caulking
Low cost, easy to use and readily adhere to most surfaces.Causes steel
to rust.Can be applied to wet surfaces, but not appropriate for
permanently wet locations.
Acrylic latex caulking
Similar to latex caulks but are more suitable for outdoors and are more
resistant to UV light.

24. Types of sealants
Siliconized acrylic latex
A flexible material that can be used on joints in wood, metals, glass, and
tile up to ½ in wide.It is highly resistant to weathering and can last 20-30
years outdoors.
Ethylene copolymer
Works on most materials, but not plastic. It has many of the same
properties as siliconized acrylic latex, but it breaks down much more
quickly due to its sensitivity to UV light.
Polysulfide
Difficult to apply, may require the mixing of two products, may require
primers, therefore their use is very limited.
Urethanes
Like polysulfide however they have better adhesion to most surfaces.
Silicone
Some silicone products are not compatible with concrete, they have
otherwise good adhesion to most surfaces.They have the widest range
in service temperatures (-65-130 degrees)

25. Weather-stripping, door thresholds and door
sweeps can prevent pests from gaining entry into
a structure.These can easily be installed by a
pest control technician or the homeowner and can
be purchased at a local hardware store.Gaps of
1/64
th
inches can allow insect entry.Rats can
enter through holes the size of a quarter, and
mice can enter through holes the size of a dime.

26. Technicians should always communicate to the
customer when and where they find areas of
intrusion, and should always be ready to do the
necessary repairs themselves.As part of an
ongoing service technicians should always be
looking for these areas needing work, and let the
customer know so the customer can make
arrangements to get necessary repairs done.

27. As part of the open communication expected
within an IPM program between the service
technician and the homeowner, responsibilities
should be assigned.Many customers have their
own handyman, and contractors that do work for
them.It is within reason to allow a customer to
do some work himself, or have it done by others,
but the service technician should always verify
that it was done properly

28. With issues of sanitation it will most likely be the
customer cleaning, except for the few exceptions
where it falls into the jurisdiction of a pest control
company such as rodent urine and feces clean
out programs.

30. Pesticides are divided into several groups based
on their “mode of action” (the way they affect an
insect’s nervous system).The “mode of action”
of many modern pesticides can be fatal to
insects, but have little effect on the human
nervous system.

31. Different modes of action may be more effective
in certain instances, and some insects react
differently to specific modes of
action.Cockroaches and Bed Bugs as an
example tend to be more resistant to
pyrethroids, making it necessary to try and avoid
that chemical class when treating those insects.
Technicians should learn which products have
which mode of action, and understand when
and where to use each of them.Technicians
should also learn which products are repellent
and which aren’t.

32. Neonicotinoids are synthetically derived
products that mimic the mode of action found in
natural nicotine.When the product bonds to the
nicotinicacetylcholinereceptor it overloads the
nervous system causing eventual insect death..

33. Neonicotinoids bond readily with the receptor in
the insect body but do not affect the human
nervous system in the same way.Neonicotinoids
are systemic in plants and work great when
treating insects that feed on plants.This systemic
action however has been criticized in recent years
and some critics believe that it is contributing to
the declining bee population.

34. These products should never be used on
flowering plants while bees are actively foraging
and some neonicotinoid products may have
specific restrictions in regards to bees.

35. NeonicotinoidProduct Examples:
Trade Name Active Ingredient
OptiguardFlex CS: Thiamethoxam
Premise 2/ProthorSC2 Imidicloprid
Safari: Dinotefuran

36. Pyrethroids are the most common chemical
family used as a pesticide.The active
ingredients used in pyrethroids mimic the
action found in natural pyrethrins.This
mode ofaction stops chemical signals from
traveling along the nerve axons.This
happens when the product bonds to the
sodium channel of nerve cells.Pyrethroids
are synthetically created and enhanced for
better efficacy.

37. Theyhave a longer residual than their natural
counterparts, and are more effective without
generally needing a synergist.Synergists are
almost always required for pyrethrins to be
effective but as pyrethroids have been
developed and been enhanced over the years
the need for a synergist has become
obsolete.

38. Pyrethroidswhile generally not water soluble
have heavy restrictions with regards to
groundwater in the state of California as a
result of being the most commonly used
chemical family. There are very specific
regulations that include limiting treatments in
the days around increment weather, avoiding
run off and controlling drift.

39. Pyrethroid product examples:
Trade Name: Active Ingredient
TalstarP/MaxxthorSC/UpStarGold: Bifenthrin
Suspend SC: Deltamethrin
Cy-Kick CS: Cyfluthrin
Tempo SC/WP/20 WP: Cyfluthrin
Demon WP: Cypermethrin

40. Someof the products that are regulated may
have even more restrictions.As an example
some products do not allow, or may have
restrictions on the treating of eaves.A good
technician always reads a product's label
before making an application.

41. Products with a dual mode of action combine two
very unique active ingredients to increase the
efficacy of the overall treatment.This is however
not the same thing as synergy.Synergy involves
blocking an insect’s ability to fight a specific mode
of action, but a dual mode of action involves both
ingredients attacking the nervous system at the
same time.

42. With synergy one mode of action is enhanced. of
the products that are regulated may have even
more restrictions.
As an example some products do not allow, or
may have restrictions on the treating of eaves.A
good technician always reads a product's label
before making an application.

43. These products with dual modes of action have
several advantages.In the case of pyrethroid
resistant insects such as bed bugs it becomes
more effective.With a second active ingredient
and a second mode of action, insects find it harder
to fight off the effects.

44. In some cases a product can be more effective
than its parts, even when used at a lower rate.In
the case of tempridor bithorthe product will be
more effective on ants partially because of its low
active ingredient percentage.Lower rates mean
that the product is slower acting, and less
repellent.

45. However either ingredient alone might not be as
effective at such a low rate.The combination of
products makes it harder for an insect’s body to
adapt, and the low repellency makes it harder for
insects to avoid.

46. The most common and most effective
combination of products is a neonicotinoid
combined with a pyrethroid.
These two products seem to complement each
other better than any other combination and
have become important in controlling many
pests.

47. These active ingredients are generally low
toxicity to humans and combining them does
not generally increase their mammalian
toxicity.
They may in some cases be even lower
impact since they are used at lower
rates.Less exposure to any one product
means less risk from that product.

48. Dual Mode of Action Product Examples:
Trade Name: Active Ingredients
Neonicotinoid/Pyrethroid
Transport Mikron/ GHP Acetemipid/Bifenthrin
TempridSC: Imidicloprid/Cyfluthrin
BithorSC: Imidicloprid/Bifenthrin

49. Pesticide products can also be divided into
groups based on their repellency.The
repellency is determined by the way insects
detect and try to avoid the product.A highly
repellent product will almost always be
detected by insects, and the most sensitive
insects will attempt to avoid it.Low repellency
products can usually be applied at the label
rate and repel only the most sensitive insects.

50. A few products are non-repellent and
insects generally cannot detect them, but a
good technician never over-applies these
products because there is still some risk of
repellency involved. In fact, it is generally
accepted that the higher the label rate a
product is applied at, the higher the
repellency of that product.
Products that are low in repellency can
eventually become high repellency if
applied at higher label rates, or over
applied.

51. Technicians should keep the repellency low in
the soil along the foundation of any structure.
This means generally using low or non-repellent
products at the foundation of the house in most
cases.The repellency could force unwanted
pests inside, trap pre-existing pests inside, or
even trap pests inside that were forced in by the
product.

52. Antsas an example can be forced to look
for new areas to travel while trying to avoid
the repellent product.These ant will
appear in new areas of the home, or other
account, and may become a more
cumbersome issue for the
customer.These ants will be harder to
control, and certain species may start new
colonies inside of hollow walls, or other
void areas.

53. Many times in apartment buildings tenants will
treat with “ready to use” foggers from the local
grocery store.These foggers release a
repellent mist that kills a few of the pests that
can be seen, and force the rest deep into the
walls, or into the neighboring units.The tenants
believe they have corrected their problem until a
neighboring unit hires an inexperienced pest
control company that uses highly repellent
flushing agents and send the insects right back.

54. The problembecomes compounded as a
result of bad product choices.The
products could be switched with the first
tenant using the pest control company, and
second fogging, or both of them doing the
same of either and the result would still be
the same.

55. It is however up to the pest control technician to
identify whenever possible the reasons for an
infestation, and to be able to decide what is
appropriate to control it.Flushing agents have
their use, and so do “ready to use” foggers, and
a good technician knows when, and when not to
use them.

56. Through a behavioral trait referred to as
Necrophoresis, ants will remove the dead
bodies found in their path by sensing the
chemical smell of oleic acid in the dead
workers.This allowsthem to protect
themselves from the decay, and any diseases
present within the dead workers.

57. This behavioral trait however is exploited to the
benefit of pest control technicians, since these
dead bodies often have pesticide residues on
them.The undertaker ants carrying the dead
away will get the product on them, and then
take it back to the colony.This is great,
especially with slow acting products that will
spread throughout the colony before ants have
time to adapt.

58. The problem however is that undertaker ants
will often ignore those dead bodies treated with
even moderately repellent products.These
ants will never get picked up, and the product
will never make it back to the colony.Ants
therefore should almost always be treated with
non-repellent, or low-repellency products.

59. No or Low Repellency
These products are generally not repellent unless
over applied or applied above label rates.
Product/ Active Ingredient
Termidor sc: Fipronil
Optiguardflex cs: Thiamethoxam
Premise 2/ prothorsc2: Imidicloprid
Bithorsc: Imidicloprid/bifenthrin
Advion: Indoxicarb

60. Moderate Repellency
Both products become high repellency
when used above lowest label rate!
Product/ Active Ingredient
Termpridsc: Imidicloprid/ cyfluthrin
Talstar/Maxxthorsc: bifenthrin

61. High Repellency
These products are generally always
repellent
Product/ Active Ingredient
Onslaught Fastcap: Esfenvalerate/Prallethrin
Microcare3% CS: Pyrethrins
Tempo sc/ultra wp: Cyfluthrin
ECO-PCO WP-X: Pyrethrins
Exciter: Pyrethrins

63. Due to thenew laws in regards to most
pesticides, and varying modes of actions, it is
crucial to use the right products in the right
place.For exterior services it is acceptable to
use several different products, applied in
several different places.

64. Due to pyrethroid restrictions it makes the most
sense to use products containing pyrethroids
against the foundation of the house, and to pin
stream treat the sidewalk edges and other similar
areas where runoff is less likely.With repellency
in mind, use either a low repellency product, or a
product with a dual mode of action applied at a
low rate.

65. Bifenthrin is the lowest repellency pyrethroid
active ingredient. TempridSC, while having a
more repellent pyrethroid active
ingredient(cyfluthirn), is about the same repellency
as TalstarP or MaxxthorSC (bifenthrin based
products) because the Pyrethroid is applied at a
much lower label rate.

66. Remember that some products such as Temprid
SC can be applied much lower than the lowest
listed label rate, and can be very effective to treat
lawns, and plants for ants.However keep in mind
that no pyrethroids have been found to be
completely non-repellent.

67. If dealing with insects that are over sensitive you
may consider using another chemical class.One
important rule of thumb that a good technician
should keep in mind is that repellent products
should be kept away from the foundation of a
structure whenever possible.

68. Ants, and other insects can be forced inside by a
repellent product, and insects inside can be
trapped or even worse, insects forced inside can
be trapped inside. As an alternative to pyrethroids
Termidor SC can be used twice yearly for ants on
the exterior, and Ariloncan be used all year long.
Both products are completely non-repellent but
each has its own specific uses, with places and
times you shouldn’t use it, and specific restrictions
are listed for each product on the label.

69. Pesticide granules can be divided into two basic
forms.The first of which is a clay based granule
that is used as a carrier for a specific active
ingredient.These granules are generally water
activated and as they get wet they release product
into the treatment areas.

70. These granules, unless otherwise labeled, should
be used on the soil outside.In some cases they
are put on top of a liquid treatment, in others they
applied starting where the liquid treatment ends,
but a very common use would also be an
application without any liquid treatment.Treating
overtop of a liquid can enhance the efficacy if
moisture is expected to break down that first part
of the application, but a good technician is careful
because this will also increase repellency in the
treatment area.

71. Treating in most cases is done by applying a band
of granules outward where the liquid treatment
ends thereby avoiding the problem of repellency,
and extending the barrier outward from the
foundation.The case in which one would apply
granules with no liquid treatment is also
common.If it is raining or rain is expected. Then
the liquid treatment may be pointless, when the
rain hits the granules it will activate them, causing
them to release the active ingredient.

72. The second basic form of granules is granular
bait.Granular baits are generally very
specialized, but tend to have broad labels.This
means that while the label would have you believe
they are great for many pests, the food attractant
in them may not attract all of the bugs all of the
time. Baits should be used judiciously with specific
pests in mind.

73. Niban G and MotherEarth G are great for
crickets and cockroaches, while more specific
baits are generally used for ants, and may be
species specific.Some ants will eat the large
granules of Niban G and Mother Earth G, but
Niban FG has much smaller granules that are
easier to pick up.Since the food attractant
found in those products may not always be
appetizing to ants and the low efficacy of the
product with boric acid as the active
ingredient, Advance and Ascend granular
baits provide an alternative.

75. Interior treatments, while not always
necessary, are common in the pest control
industry.Some insects are only found
indoors which means that controlling them
is probably done from indoors.In many
cases as well outside pests work their way
in, and some form of treatment is required
to control them.

76. A good technician knows that he has a
responsibility to limit his use of pesticides on a
property, and to be judicious as possible with
application types, and locations.Crack and
crevice treatments are the most effective, and
are a low Impact method for applying liquid
products.Spot treatments are a limited solution
for a limited area and whenever possible should
be used in place of a broadcast treatment.

77. Broadcasttreatments should be done only
when deemed necessary, and should be
limited to areas of possible insect
activity.These types of precise treatments
limit customer exposure, and usually
control insects better.

78. There are several interior products that work
very well at controlling general pests, but usually
interior treatments are very specialized.In
many cases a customer will have a specific pest
problem inside that may require something
specific.

79. TempridSC, which is also used outside, is
labeled for use on many pests, but its most
effective interior use is for Bed Bugs.Cirkil CX
on the other hand is designed solely for Bed
Bugs.ZenproxEC is a special pyrethroid
designed to affect insects that would otherwise
be immune to products containing pyrethroids.

80. Zenproxalso had a broad label, including Bed
Bugs, and Spiders, but its best use is on adult
fleas.Phantom SC is a very low toxicity product
that destroys an insect’s cell’s ability to supply
energy to the insect.Theactive ingredient is
inactive inside of the product, but when
metabolized by an insect it becomes a
mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor.

81. It is selective to insects because mammals lack
the enzyme necessary for the metabolism to
occur that creates the toxic effect.Phantom SC
is also slow acting, therefore when dealing with
social insects such as ants it will spread through
the colony before an effect is noticed.Phantom
SC is generally used for ants due to its slow
action, and non-repellency.Phantom SC and
ZenproxEC both have seemingly different uses.

82. The advantage of either of these products over
the general use pesticides otherwise found is
that they are applied at a more concentrated
rate.This is advantageous when using them as
a crack and crevice treatment since you are
applying more into insect hiding areas.

83. Phantom SC is generally applied at .5% ( ½ of
1%)but Termidor which is similar is applied
outside at .06% (06/100 of 1%).ZenproxEC is
applied at .25% (1/4 of 1%) while Tempo SC is
generally applied outside and inside at .05%
(.05/100 of 1%)These two products are
designed to be used at these relatively high
concentrations and they provide adequate
control as part of a proper IPM Program.

84. Interior baiting is a good solution in many cases
and sometimes removes the need for a liquid
treatment all together.Because of their
relatively low toxicity, and low application
amount, baits pose little to no threat to people
and pets and can be applied in semi-open
areas. Some bait comes in ready to use stations
but those stations may be less attractive, and
thereby less effective due to the necessity for
insects to go inside to get a lethal dose.

85. Oxidiazinebased baits such as Advionhave a
tertiary kill.This means that the product will
metabolize inside the insect's body, making it
more toxic, and the metabolized active
ingredient will spread from dead insects to live
ones as a result of insects eating their own
dead, a behavioral trait referred to as
necrofagia.

86. Cleaning and correcting sanitation issues are
the most important part of a baiting
program.Food debris, decaying organic matter,
and other competing food sources can keep
insects away from the bait, making the bait
useless.

87. While vacuuming on the initial service the
technician should focus on cupboards, and
kitchen floors where food debris is often left
behind.
Garbage disposals may need to be cleaned as
well.In many cases the rubber gasket at the top
of the garbage disposal will have a buildup of
organic matter in it that provides a food source
for insects.
As part of regular inspections a technician
should always be looking for water leaks and the
accompanying fungus that can attract unwanted
insects.

88. Dusts can be helpful in a proper treatment
program as well.Interior dusting should most of
the time be done using boron dusts.Boron
dusts are very low toxicity, and provide a kill
through stomach poisoning.For some cases
more specific dusts may come in handy, but
when dealing with general insects Zone
Defense, Board Defense, Ni-Bor, Boracide, and
Tim Bor can all be interchanged for proper
control.

89. The dust should be applied to void areas, where
no human contact is expected, or to cracks and
crevices.The most humid rooms in the house
are the best places to apply these
dusts.Kitchens and bathrooms are an insect’s
ultimate destination, and their freeway is the
power lines.

90. Therefore treating the electrical outlets in these
rooms is a safe bet.In fact customers generally
complain about roaches and ants coming from
these outlets.Dusting should continue with dust
being applied to plumbing penetrations, and
lightly into cracks and crevices below the sinks.
Bath traps and other plumbing access points
can be exposed and dusted. Finally when
dealing with extreme situations, a small hole can
be drilled to treat below cabinet bases, or into
wall voids.

91. The use of trade names in this publication is
solely for the purpose of providing specific
information. American Pest CEUS does not
guarantee or warranty the products named, and
references to them in this publication do not
signify our approval to the exclusion of other
products of suitable composition. All chemicals
should be used in accordance with directions on
the manufacturer's label. Use pesticides safely.
Read and follow directions on the
manufacturer's label.

92. You have completed the course.
Please proceed to the 20 question quiz.
A passing score of 70% or greater is required.
Thank you for choosing American Pest CEUs