Advantages And Uses Of SQL

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1. Advantages And Uses Of SQL
SQL stands for Structured Query Language. SQL is a standard interactive and programming
language designed for the retrieval and management of data in relational database. According to the
ANSI, it is the standard language for relational database management systems. SQL statements are
used to perform tasks such as – update data on a database, or retreive data from a database.
Some common relational database management systems that use SQL are: Oracle, Sybase,
Microsoft SQL Server, Access Ingres, etc. The strengths of SQL provides benefits for all types of
users, including application programmers, database administrators, managers, and ... Show more
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It is used to modify and build the structure of the tables and the objects in database.
The three types of DDL commands are :–
1. CREATE : This is used to create a table.
The syntax is : CREATE TABLE [ table name] ([columns definitions] [table parameters])
For example :–
CREATE TABLE employess (first_name VARCHAR(30) not null, Last_name VARCHAR(30) not
null, Dateofbirth DATE not null );
2. DROP : This deletes an existing an existing database, table, index or view.
The syntax is :– DROP objecttype objectname
For Example :– DROP TABLE
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5. Kudler Fine Foods Database Analysis Essay
Kudler Fine Foods Database Analysis
Overview
Kudler Fines Foods is a rapidly growing small business located in Southern California. Founded in
1998, Kudler specializes in providing quality gourmet foods to a wide range of customers.
When Kudler opened its first store back in 1998, Microsoft Access was chosen as the database
platform used to track inventory, orders and customers. While this initially proved to be an adequate
solution, it has since outgrown its usefulness. Now with three stores and a fourth due to open soon, a
new database management system must be put into place.
One of the most detrimental problems with the Microsoft Access database is that it is limited to a
file size of only two gigabytes. While this may ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Inventory table contains the components that make up an Item. It is used for managing
inventory and determining the availability of ingredients that go into prepared items, such as bakery
products, etc. Each record in the inventory table is linked to the Item table by the item_id and to the
Supplier's table by the supplier_id.
The Item table stores information pertaining to products that may appear on an order. It describes
goods that can be purchased from a Store. The Item table is linked to the Inventory table by way of
the item_id and to the Order Line table by the item_id field.
The Order table is used to record information pertinent to each order placed with a given store. Each
order will have one or more entries in the Order Line table associated with it. The Order table is
linked to the Order Line table by the store_code and the order_id. It also links to the Customer table
via the customer_id field.
The Order Line table contains details on items appearing on an order. One or more order lines are
associated with each order and each order line references an item being purchased with its
description, quantity, price, etc. The Order Line table is linked with the Order table by the order_id
and the store_code. It also links to the Item table by the item_id.
The Store table retains data for each store location, such as name, address, phone numbers,
emergency contacts, etc. The
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9. Information Storage And Management System
Introduction
With the development of technology, information storage and management have been vital of
importance. Information effectiveness and efficiency are determined by how well data is organised
and processed. The term 'data' have been widely employed in different human activities, including
science, business, education, law and the like. Here, data is a means for representation of facts,
concepts, and instructions in order to communicate (Sumathi & Esakkirajan 2007). Nevertheless, if
data management is ineffective, and relevant information cannot be found quickly, a large amount
data will become a liability rather than an asset of an organisation; thus, tools used for data
management give rise to the occurrence of database ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
6). This literature review will consist of four parts. Firstly, it will briefly introduce DBMSs and
review the development of data models. Secondly, it will discuss DBMS products based on the
relational data model. Following that, DBMS products based on logical models will be illustrated.
Lastly, strengths and weaknesses between different data models will be demonstrated.
1. Overview of DBMSs and the development of data models
1.1 Overview of DBMSs
A DBMS contains four parts, the data model, the data definition language (DDL), the data
manipulation language (DML), and the data dictionary. To begin with, the data model describes how
data are logically constructed. Next, programmers use DDL to specify the types of information and
structure of the database, which is the important connection between the logical (how to perceive
data) and physical views (how data are stored and processed) of the database. Thirdly, DML is used
to manipulate the data, where end users or programmers are allowed to extract data in order to
satisfy information requests and develop applications. Manipulative verbs are included in DML,
such as 'modify, delete or select'. In addition, the data dictionary is used for the storage of data
elements and data characteristics, including ownership, physical representation, authorization, and
security (technology guide). The use of a DBMS
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13. Timetable Management System Using Java
MCA
Semester – I
S.No.
Course Code
Course Name
1
2
3
4
5
COMP 712
Programming & Problem Solving with C
COMP 714
COMP 715
MAS 621
BAM 752
Introduction to Softwares
Computer Organization and Architecture
Discrete Mathematics
Business Communication
Total Credits
Semester – II
S.No.
Course Code
Course Name

14. 6
COMP 723
Operating System
7
8
9
10
COMP 724
COMP 725
COMP 726
MAS 661
Data Structures using C++
Information System Analysis and Design
Web Technologies
11
BAM 753
Essentials of Management
Computer based Numerical and Statistical
Techniques
Total Credits
Semester – III
S.No.
Course Code
12
13
14
15
16
17
COMP 731
COMP 732
COMP 733
COMP 736
COMP 837
BAM 796

15. Semester – IV
S.No.
Course Code
18
COMP 842
19
COMP 843
20 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unit 3: Software
System software, Operating System, Functions of OS, Overview of DOS,
Windows and Unix.
Application software (Word Processor, MS–Excel, MS–PowerPoint)
Unit 4: Programming Languages and Software Development
Generation of Languages, Compiler, Assembler, Linker, Loader, Software
Development Methodology, Software Development Life Cycle
Programming Languages: Programming Language Paradigm, Procedure–Oriented
Language, Object– Oriented Language, Web Based Languages
Unit 5: Network and Data Base Concepts
Definition and Types of Network, Introduction to Internet– Search Engine, Web
Page, Web Browser, Introduction to E–Commerce.
Data Base definition, Data Base Management System, overview of MS–Access
Text Books:
1. Fundamentals of Computer: – V. Raja Raman
2. Fundamentals of Computer: – P. K. Sinha
Reference Books:
1. Microsoft Office Black Book
2. UNIX: The Ultimate Guide: – Sumitabha Das
3. PC Software: – V.K. Jain "O Level"
Computer Organization & Architecture
Code: COMP–715
Credits: 4(3+1+0)
UNIT–1
Introduction: Types of computers: Analog, Digital and Hybrid Computers, Modern Digital
Computer,
Number systems– Binary, Octal, Decimal, Hexadecimal , 1's & 2's Complement.
Digital logic circuits and Components: Logic gates, Boolean Algebra, K–Map Simplification, Half
Adder, Full Adder, Decoder, Encoders, Multiplexers, Demultiplexer, Flip Flops, Registers, Binary
Counters.
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19. Annotated Bibliography On Gifted Education
References
Brice, A. E., Shaunessy, E., Hughes, C., McHatton, P. A., & Ratliff, M. A. (2008). What Language
Discourse Tells Us About Bilingual Adolescents: A Study of Students in Gifted Programs and
Students in General Education Programs. Journal For The Education Of The Gifted, 32(1), 7–33.
National Center for Education Statistics. (2003). Table 55. Number of gifted and talented students in
public elementary and secondary schools, by sex and state:2000 data[data set]. Retrieved from
https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d04/tables/dt04_055.asp
National Center for Education Statistics. (n.d). Definitions of Giftedness. Retrieved from
http://www.nagc.org/resources–publications/resources/definitions–giftedness
Van Tassel–Baska, J. (2000). Theory and research on curriculum development for the gifted. In K.A.
Heller, F.J. Monks, R. J. Sternberg & R.F. Subotnik (Eds.). International handbook of giftedness and
talent (2nd ed., pp. 365–386). Amsterdam: Elsevier. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(2013). Curriculum Issues. Gifted child Today. Retrieved from Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson),
Ipswich, MA. Accessed July 29, 2015.
Noel, A., Stark, P., Redford, J. (2013). Parent and Family Involvement in Education, From the
National Household Education Surveys Program of 2012 (NCES 2013–028), National Center for
Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Washington,
DC. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch.
Gagne, F. (1995). From giftedness to talent: a developmental model and its impact on the language
of the field. Roeper Review, 18, 103–111.
Davidson Institute for Talent Development. (2003).Tips for Teachers: Successful strategies for
teaching gifted learners. Retrieved from http://www.davidsongifted.org/db/Articles_id_10075.aspx
No Child Left Behind Act, P.L. 107–110 (Title IX, Part A, Definition 22) (2002); 20 USC 7801(22)
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23. Database Vulnerabilities Essay
I. Introduction
Computer crime has been defined as, "Criminal activity directly related to the use of computers,
specifically illegal trespass into the computer system or database of another, manipulation or theft of
stored or on–line data, or sabotage of equipment and data."
The purpose of this work is to examine breaches in computer security. As a future IT professional,
with the possibility of being in charge of protecting the security of a database, it is relevant to take a
"hacker approach" to security. Effective security is no matter where one goes fundamentally the
same. Successful fundamental security practices are universal, crossing all arenas of computer usage
whether ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Background Statement
A global survey of 4,900 Information Technology professionals across 30 nations, conducted by
InformationWeek Research and fielded by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, released on July 10th of
last year, estimates that some 50,000 firms in the U.S. are sufficiently large enough to be impacted
by and accurately tally up the cost of a software virus. In total, the bill to these U.S. firms this year
for viruses and computer hacking will amount to $266 billion, or more than 2.5% of the nation's
Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The price tag worldwide soars to $1.6 trillion.
According to John DiStefano, principal researcher on the study at Reality Research&
Consulting, which assisted InformationWeek Research on the project, the $266 billion figure
represents the impact of viruses on U.S. businesses with more than 1,000 employees, or about
50,000 firms. "These are companies with infrastructures of IT professionals who, because of the
dollar impact, are increasingly tracking the problem and can provide an accurate assessment of the
scope of the issue. In reality, the true impact of viruses on U.S. business, including medium–sized
companies and small businesses,
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27. Nt1330 Unit 1 Assignment 1 Summary
Summary
For the creation of the first database HandsOnOne in a new Query Editor window, first, I went to the
SQL Server Management Studio in the program menu and make sure to connect to the named
instance SQLSERVERHOA. After the successful connection to the named instance, I went to the
Object Explorer and right clicked on the database and select New Database. I typed the new
Database name HandsOnOne and made the update in Autogrowth and initial size column as Data
file initial size: 40 MB, Log file initial size: 15 MB, Autogrowth enabled with 15 MB in file growth,
and Unlimited maximum file size as shown above in screen shot # 1.
Second, I created the new second database HandsOnTwo by generating the CREATE DATBASE
script from the first database HandsOnOne. For this, first I copied the whole create script from the
Query Editor window and paste it on a notepad changed the name of the database in the SQL script
to HandsOnTwo from HandsOnOne by using the find and replace all command in notepad including
the modification of the data file initial size to 35 MB and pasted it back to the Query Editor window
and executed the script. The script ran successful and the second new database was created
successfully as shown in the screenshot #2 &3. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Similarly, I repeated the same steps on second database HandsOnTwo and choose Simple on the
Recovery model drop down list as shown in screenshot
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31. Database Security Requirements : Computer Systems...
4. DATABASE SECURITY REQUIREMENTS
4.1. ORACLE SECURITY
Just like the computer systems controlled access requirements, authentication on the Oracle level is
also required were a user must enter a distinct ID and password.
According to Mehta (2004), "user authentication at the Oracle level can be configured through
creating custom profile(s) within the dba_profiles table. A profile within Oracle is a set of controls
that can be applied to users. Different profiles can be created for different classes of accounts"
(p.41).
In addition to authentication, authorization is also an important aspect of Oracle security. Without
the proper granting of privileges to a user, a user won't be able to do anything. The key privileges for
users are:
SELECT – This privilege gives the user the ability to select and view data from specified database
tables (Harter, 2008, p.2).
UPDATE – This privilege gives the user the ability to modify data values in specified database
tables (Harter, 2008, p.2).
DELETE – This privilege gives the user the ability to delete rows/records from specified database
tables (Harter, 2008, p.2).
INSERT– This privilege gives the user the ability to add new rows/records into specified database
tables (Harter, 2008, p.2).
These privileges are granted through the Database Administrator (DBA) that provides access using
Oracle data definition language (DDL) commands (Harter, 2008).
4.2. BANNER SECURITY
Oracle Forms are a toolset that is used to create the
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35. Process Modeling, Er Diagram and Logical Data Modeling
White paper on Process Modeling, ER diagram and Logical Data Modeling Authors Yogini Wagh
Process Modeling Process modeling is the concise description of the total variation in one quantity,
by partitioning it into a deterministic component given by a mathematical function of one or more
other quantities, plus a random component that follows a particular probability distribution.
Software process modeling and business process modeling are the techniques for obtaining a better
understanding of business processes. In other terms, it is a model of one or more business processes,
and defines the ways in which operations are carried out to accomplish the intended objectives of an
organization. It can describe the workflow or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are several notations for data modeling. The actual model is frequently called "Entity
relationship model", because it depicts data in terms of the entities and relationships described in the
data. Several techniques have been developed for the design of data models. While these
methodologies guide data modelers in their work, two different people using the same methodology
will often come up with very different results. Most notable data models are: ▪ Bachman diagrams ▪
Entity–relationship model ▪ Object–relational mapping ▪ Object Role Modeling ▪ Relational Model
References: 1. System Analysis & Design by Igor Hawryskiewycz. 2.
www.learningtree.com/courses/322.htm 3. www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/pmd/pmd.htm 4.
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39. Social Network Analysis Essay
Functionality in SNA(Social Network Analysis)[7]
Functionalities are firstly the visualization of the network, secondly the computation of statistics
based on nodes and on edges, and finally, community detection (or clustering)
1)Visualization of the network– Methods
1) FruchtermanReingold
2) Kamada–Kawai (which has a faster convergence than FruchtermanReingold, but which often
does not give so good results than this last one)
2) Computation of statistics based on nodes
A) Vertex and edge scoring
The place of a given actor in the network can be described using measures based on vertex scoring.
Common types of vertex scoring are the centrality measures. Within graph theory and network
analysis, there are various measures of the centrality of a vertex to determine the relative importance
of this vertex within the graph
Degree centrality
Closeness centrality
Between's centrality
Vertices that occur on many shortest paths between other vertices have higher between's than those
that do not.
PageRank: The score computed by Page Rank is higher for nodes that are highly connected and
connected with nodes that are highly connected themselves.
HITS algorithm: Hyperlink–Induced Topic Search (HITS, also known as hubs and authorities)
calculates two scores: hub and authority score. The more a vertex has outgoing arcs, the higher is its
hub score. The more a vertex has incoming links, the higher is its authority score.
Tools for SNA[7,8,9,10]
a) Pajek graph file
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43. The Structure Of The Foundation Of Json Schema
Foundation of JSON Schema
Introduction
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is the most popular semi structured data format for sending API
requests and responses but it is still lacking a standardized schema or meta data definition that
allows the developers to specify the structure of JSON documents. JSON is a data format based on
the data types of JavaScript Programming. JSON data models comprises of strings, numbers and
other types of data that database system treats as atomic. JSON is also used for storing data, and that
too in the format of choice for several document–oriented databases such as MongoDB[3] and
CouchDB[5]. This paper has been formally arranged in a way that it provides the reader complete
understanding of what JSON is and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the next step, the practical use case of increasing importance is demonstrated in Schema
definition for Wikidata [6].
All the six types of valid JSON document such as object, array, string. Numbers, boolean values and
null can be specified by a JSON schema. Here, the key point to understand is that a JSON document
satisfies a schema if it satisfies all keywords of schema. Formally, a schema S and a document J can
be represented as J|= S to describe that J satisfies S. |= is to define all six types of JSON document
as well as their combinations and enumerations.
Formal Analysis
The efficiency of working with JSON schema and its expressive power is discussed in this section.
It is observed whether the computational cost of document conforms to a schema. Later, JSON
schema is compared with various well established theoretical formalisms such as nondeterministic
finite state automata.
Practical Considerations
To understand the efficiency and applicability of JSON Schema, an experimental analysis is
undergone in this section of the article where the author initially runs a series of experiments to test
self–developed validators under JSON document of increasing sizes. Later, a real use case named
Wikidata Database is used where JSON schema can be naturally used.
Experiment under JSON document of increasing size
For this experiment, a machine with 8 GB
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47. 03
Chapter 3: Table Creation and Management TRUE/FALSE 1. A database object is a defined, self–
contained structure in Oracle10g. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 54 2. DML commands are used to create or
modify database tables. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 54 3. A table name can be up to 30 characters in
length. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 56 4. A column name can consist of up to 225 characters. ANS: F PTS:
1 REF: 56 5. A table name can consist of numbers, letters, and blank spaces. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF:
56 6. Every table name within a specific schema must be unique. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 56 7. The
maximum width of a VARCHAR2 column is 2000 characters. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 57 8. The scale
of a NUMBER column indicates the number of digits that can be displayed ... Show more content
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_________________________ ANS: F, VARCHAR2 PTS: 1 REF: 57 9. The maximum width of a
NUMBER column is 25 digits. _________________________ ANS: F, 38 PTS: 1 REF: 57 10.
Seven bytes are allocated in a DATE column to store the century, year, month, day, hour, minute,
and second of a date. _________________________ ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 57 11. The default size of
the CHAR column is 2. _________________________ ANS: F 1 one PTS: 1 REF: 57 12. The
CREATE TABLE command is used to create a table in Oracle10g. _________________________
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 60 13. The syntax of the CREATE TABLE command requires that the column
list be enclosed in parentheses. _________________________ ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 60 14. The
abbreviation for the DESCRIBE command is DES. _________________________ ANS: F, DESC
PTS: 1 REF: 63 15. The CHANGE TABLE command can be used to modify an existing table.
_________________________ ANS: F ALTER ALTER TABLE PTS: 1 REF: 66 16. The MODIFY
clause can be used with the ALTER TABLE command to add a column to an existing table.
_________________________ ANS: F, ADD PTS: 1 REF: 67 17. The MODIFY clause can be
included in the ALTER TABLE command to add a default value to an existing column.
_________________________ ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 68 18. The width of a NUMBER column
cannot be changed once it contains data. _________________________ ANS: F, decreased PTS: 1
REF: 68 19. More than one column
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51. Database System Cost And Its File Size Essay
1. Answer:
Data processing means assembly and manipulation of items of data so that it produces meaningful
information. Data means known facts that can be recorded and have implicit meaning.
Processing of data can be done in many ways.
Manually
Automatically
Computerized
Following are the Advantages:
Using same amount of data acquire more information.
Sharing data
Logical coherence
Represents complex relationships among data
Multiple users having access to the same data
Providing multiple interfaces to different classes of user
Confliction requirements
Controlling redundancy in data storage and in development and maintenance
Facilitating consistency
Enforcing integrity constraints on the database
Expanding security
Backup and recovery services
Data independence maintenance
Following are the Disadvantages:
Higher Complexity
Database system cost and its file size
Inefficient execution
Greater impact of failure
Hardship in achieving data recovery
2. Data independence allows application insulation.
Physical Data Independence Logical Data Independence
The capacity to modify schema definition in on level without disturbing schema definition in the
next higher level Capacity to modify the logical schema without causing application program to be

52. rewritten
It is easier to accomplish than logical data independence. It is more difficult to accomplish.
Modifications include changing from unblocked to blocked record storage, or from
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56. Unit 4 P4 Research Paper
P4– Outline the benefits of having a variety of data types available to the programmer In this task I
will be explained benefits of having variety types of data in programming there are many benefits if
you have varied data type in your programming I will be explained below. Boolean–Boolean is a
part of large algebra that is used for creating a true or false, Yes or no statement. A Boolean can be
written in algorithm and coding. Char type is so useful. Char are the values type. This means they
are located in the bytes and bites on the evaluation stack. You can get single char from a string
variable. Char another data type that is useful to programmers. Only when you need to put a
character string data type char is used, but you do not need
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60. Database Management System ( Dbms )
2. What is a DBMS? Briefly describe the components of a DBMS.
Database Management System(DBMS) is a collection of interrelated data (database) and set of
programs to access and modify those data.
DBMS has several components. Each component has some specific task to perform. The Major
components DBMS are as follows,
Hardware
Without hardware it is not possible to implement DBMS. The main hardware is the computer used
for storing and accessing the data in database. Other hardware components used in DBMS are
Storage devices, I/O devices, and electromechanical devices which makes interface between user
and the database.
Software
This is main component of the DBMS. Software is the set of programs to access and control the data
in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Granting of authorization for data access iv. Routine maintenance
End Users
The real users who the application programs to interact with the database to perform different
operations stored in the database. Some of the operations are insertion, deletion, updating data in the
database, etc.
Query processor
It converts the user queries into series of low level instructions. The query processor has the
following components,
i. DDL interpreter:
It interprets DDL statements and records definitions in the data dictionary. ii. DML compiler:
It translates DML statements in the query language into an evaluation plan consisting of low level
instructions. iii. Query evaluation engine:
It executes low level instructions (query evaluation plan).
Data
Data is the most important component of the DBMS. The main purpose of DBMS is to process the
data in efficient and convenient way for the users. In DBMS, databases are defined, constructed,
modified , inserted and accessed from the database. There are two types of data in the DBMS. They
are
i. Meta data:
It is the data about data or description about data stored in the database. Data definition
language(DDL) is used to manipulate this type of data. ii. Actual data:

61. This is data actually stored in the database by the users. Data manipulation language(DML) is used
to manipulate this type of data.
3. Describe a primary key, candidate key, secondary key, foreign key, and a combination
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65. The Concepts That Are Focused Upon In These Two Lesson
The concepts that are focused upon in these two lesson plans include the idea and ability to apply
mathematical and symbolic models that can relate to the ideal product formation from a given set of
reactant masses and chemical reaction classification. The other concept is that reactions occurring in
our world always includes errors, which affect the amount of product we receive from a reaction.
Mathematical "Yields" allow us to calculate the relationships and differences between the ideal
calculated products and the masses we obtain from experiments. Students will be expected to root
many of their decisions and processes based on the concept of the conservation of matter and energy
established within the universe. This fundamental ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The last few days is rooted in applying all these new concepts in a laboratory experiment that results
in the students supporting argumentative claims based on data–driven evidence and justification.
Day one of this unit revolves around determining the prior knowledge levels of the students. If the
students do not recall the skills and strategies necessary for balancing chemical equations, I will
spend a day reviewing the crucial material before I introduce the new concepts. This process of
assessing the students' understanding will be used throughout the unit. Everyday life is a crucial
element for engaging the students with science. Within this unit the calculation for the percent yield
can be applied outside of the sciences. I could present a problem in which the students had to
calculate the percent error associated with the amount of friends that showed up to their graduation
party. No student will be ignored in my classroom. I will always be available for questions and
assistance during prep–periods. When it comes to the lesson plans in this unit, each lesson will be
constructed in a manner that includes several examples, definition, and models in order to teach and
provide content in various forms of stimuli (visual, audible, tangible). Specific examples include the
use of group discussions within my fifth lesson. The use of group discussions can support groups of
students who may struggle with the scientific
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69. Abstraction Of Data Flow Information From Procedural Programs
CMPE 294 – RESEARCH PAPER Abstraction of Data Flow Information from Procedural Program
SUBMITTED BY: Anushree Narasimha Murthy Sonni (009400534) Shalini Biligere
Prabhuswamy() ABSTRACT Now a days many organizations are making use of computer based
information systems. These information systems were developed decades ago using the procedural
programming languages like C, COBOL, BASIC, FORTRAN, and PASCAL etc. Today many
organizations are either developing new applications for the business by making use of the
advancement in the technology or trying to abstract the functionality of the applications developed
using procedural programming languages. The abstraction of functionality is carried out by first
abstracting the data flow information and then transforming this information to the appropriate
representation. This paper proposes a methodology which abstracts the structural information in the
form of a data flow between the statements, function calls, etc. of the 'C' program. KEY WORDS:
Data flow, Information systems, Paradigm, Platform. 1. INTRODUCTION Now a days many
organizations are making use of computer based information systems. These information systems
were developed decades ago using the procedural programming languages like C, COBOL, BASIC,
FORTRAN, and PASCAL etc. Today many organizations are either developing new applications for
the business by making use of the advancement in the technology or trying to abstract the
functionality of
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73. Reflection Paper On Work Experience
2. Work Experience
2.1 Nature of Work
The fact that eMCM team is such a small team means that I got a lot of responsibility. For most of
the time, it was only myself maintaining the program. The one major responsibility I had was to get
their program, "the Tool", to a point where they were able to release it to their clients.
"The Tool" is a Windows Desktop application written in Delphi and C++ Builder. The application is
heavily based on forms, which are written in Delphi. The logic in each form field is written in C++.
As a junior programmer analyst, I was expected to perform analysis, programming, configuration,
maintenance and support of the application. In the meantime, I also need to communicate with
clients and co–work for support and help.
2.2 Experience
Before I first started on the job, the person who maintained the program for years just retired, so I
had to teach myself all the way through when I arrived. Therefore, I started my job with reading
source codes, playing around with the program, and reading manuals and any documentations
available to me.
After I got familiar with the program, I was asked to test the program and look for any defects in the
current version. The next task followed was to fix any defects I've found. This helped me to really
get to know the code, and understand how the program functions. Due to the variety of technologies
used in the program, I was also asked to work with SQL by upgrading databases from SQL 2008 to
SQL 2012.
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77. Analysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval...
1. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION
RETRIEVAL SYSTEM
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS) INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (IRS)
DBMS offer advance Data Modelling Facility (DMF) including Data Definition Language and Data
Manipulation Language for modelling and manipulating data. IRS do not offer an advance DMF.
Usually data modelling in IRS is restricted to classification of objects.
Data Definition Language of DBMS is the capability to define the data integrity constraints. In IRS
such validation mechanisms are less developed.
DBMS provides precise semantics. IRS most of the time provides imprecise semantics.
DBMS has structured data format. IRS is characterised by unstructured data format.
Query specification is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
3.1 COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM
Diagram above shown the components of an information retrieval system. There are three
components which is input, processor and output.
Starting with the input, when the retrieval system is online, it is possible for the user to change his
request during one search session in the light of a sample retrieval, thereby it is hoped that
improving the subsequent retrieval run. Such a procedure is commonly referred to as feedback.
The processor the part that retrieval system concerned with the retrieval process. The process may
involve structuring the information in some appropriate way. It will also involve performing the
actual retrieval function which is executing the search strategy in response to a query. In the
diagram, the documents have been placed in a separate box to emphasis the fact that they are not
just input but can be used during retrieval process. Finally come to the output which is usually a set
of citations or document number. 4. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN STRUCTURED AND NON
STRUCTURED DATA
4.1 STRUCTURED DATA
The structured data means data that could be identified because it is organised in a structure. The
standard form of structured data is a database where particular information is stored based on a
methods of columns and rows. Structured data also can be look up by data type within content.
Structured data is understood by computers and is also efficiently
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81. Advantages And Disadvantages Of SQL Databases
Sharing one database for amongst multiple applications has some serious disadvantages:
We can improve db i/o by using following method.
The more applications use the same database, the more likely it is that you hit performance
bottlenecks and that you can't easily scale the load as desired. SQL Databases don't really scale. You
can buy bigger machines but they do not scale well in clusters!
Maintenance and development costs can increase: Development is harder if an application needs to
use database structures which aren't suited for the task at hand but have to be used as they are
already present. It's also likely that adjustments of one application will have side effects on other
applications ("why is there such an unecessary trigger??!"/"We ... Show more content on
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Using a uniform extent size for all segments in a tablespace eliminates free space fragmentation and
encourages high performance. However, this requires grouping segments by extent size to balance
the number of extents per segment, leading to wasted space from excessive extent sizes. Extent sizes
of 128 KB for small tables, 1 MB for large feature classes, and 128 MB for large rasters are
reasonable, though you can customize these values based on your own environment and research.
Separate read–only data from writable data
If a tablespace contains entirely read–only data, you can put the tablespace explicityly in read only
mode, explicitly. This reduces the volume of data that you need to back up regularly. Read–only data
files are also excellent candidates for storage on redundant array of independent disks (RAID) 5
arrays because they will benefit from striping during read access and will not decrease array
performance with excessive write activity.
Use multiple disks or arrays to store files
Important Oracle files, such as control files, online redo logs, and archived redo logs, should be
multiplexed, or mirrored, by the Oracle software to provide maximum
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85. The Basic Level For A Good Programmer
Abstract of the Project: The compilers are the softwares which translates the computer language
(source code) into a language more basic to the machine level. The languages such as C, C++, etc
are some famous compilers. In this project, the main concept was about the understanding of
compilers but the best way to explain was with the help of famous and easy Object Oriented
Programming language C++.
The project gives the vivid and simple view of C++ from the most basic level to the required high
level for a good programmer. The project can be treated as a book on C++ in simple language by the
student & for the student. The project later on comprises of topics from the basic level – Identifiers
and keywords, Data types, operators and types of operators then to an upper level – Operator
Overloading, Polymorphism, Inheritance, Encapsulation, Constructors and Destructors, Inline
functions, etc. All the topics are discussed precisely and in simple language with suitable examples.
1. Introduction:
A compiler is a computer program that translates a computer program written in one computer
language (source language) into an equivalent program written in another computer language (target
language). Interpreter is similar to compiler but interpreter compiles line by line while compiler
compiles as a whole. Examples: C, C++, BASIC, COBAL, etc. The C programming language has
been used for last few decades for almost all the applications. Recently, the C++ with Object
Oriented
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89. Using Data Is Necessary For Conducting A Good Research
Part One Research is important in our society since it contributes to the development of the world
we live in. Research is completed to solve real–world problems related to why people think, feel and
behave a certain way and to confirm and establish facts, reaffirm previous work, solve new or
existing issues, and to support or develop new theories (Creswell, 2009). The research should be
significant, relevant, and of interest to those working and studying in the field. A systematic
approach using a research method that provides accurate, reliable, and selective critical use of data
is necessary for conducting a good research. A good research supports or challenges existing theory.
When conducting a scientific method research, the researcher may review, analyze, and test an area
of research that has been previously studied. The researcher will develop a hypothesis statement that
will predict the outcomes of the study. A research hypothesis is a statement made by the researcher
based on theory to predict a relationship between variables or events in a research study that is
testable and falsifiable. However, the hypothesis outside of science is consider to be a guess or
theory that has not been tested. The prediction of the hypothesis is an educated guess of what might
happen with the future outcomes of the study. The hypothesis can be tested by completing an
experiment or observation. The testability of theory will help the research identify if the hypothesis
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93. Research Methodology on Natural Language Processing
Research methodology on Natural Language Processing:
The main aim of this project is to research on the integration of "Natural Language Processing " and
information systems engineering to enhance query retrieval in natural language processing.
Defining a research methodology:
The definition of research methodology includes two parts:
– Research definition
– Methodology
Research:
It is defined as a thorough and organized query or investigation on a particular theme to revise or
determine the facts, theories, applications and so on.
Methodology:
It is a system of methods followed by a particular discipline. Thus, research methodology is the way
how a researcher performs research.
Uses of research methodology:
There are many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
[Gordhan Marshall, 1998]
Objective–1:
To study the concept of natural language processing and various features involved in it.
The above objective is fulfilled by initiating an exact design required for performing the research
process. The research design illustrates the basic understanding about the research (NLP) and
various features.
Research strategies:
Normally, research methodology includes two strategies for performing research.
– Qualitative research
– Quantitative research
Quantitative research:
Quantitative research methods are utilized to study the natural phenomena. So, it includes survey
methods, formal methods, and numerical methods.
Qualitative research:
Qualitative research methods are utilized to study the social and cultural phenomena. So it includes
observation, participant observation (field work), interview sessions, documents and texts and
finally the researcher's imitations and feedback. [Myers, 2009]

94. Qualitative research is a technique of promoting research that stresses the quality according to the
user's point of view and approaches. In depth interviews and focus groups are best examples of
qualitative research. [Laura Lake, 2009]
Objective–2:
To study various procedures involved in query evaluation of natural language processing
The above objective of the project is fulfilled by selecting a suitable strategy among all the available
strategies. In this research methodology, the researcher used
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98. Importance Of Data Management At The Bookstore Coffee Shop...
Overview
With the recent acquisition of Great Books, USA, Books'R'Us has an opportunity to put a strangle
hold on the local Bookstore coffee shop market. These exciting new times do not come without their
challenges, especially when it comes to data management. It is this firms intent to assist Books'R'Us
in creating a seamless transition in to the world of and all–encompassing SQL Server database. In
today's age databases have become increasingly important. They provide a means to organize, track,
and manage information efficiently. There are a variety of uses for databases such as inventory
control, analytical data keeping, and storage of vital customer information for future marketing
agendas, to name a few. Together we will construct a database that controls your inventory, stores
your customer marketing data, and will also provide and e–commerce solution for both assets.
Justification
Data management is a key element to the success of a small business such as the Books'R'Us brand.
It should be noted that excel spread sheets are an acceptable way to manage data, however this
becomes increasingly more difficult as your business grows its cliental.
There are many reasons one should consider a database as their business expands. Some of those
reasons are listed below
1. Substantial Time Savings – Data bases save time. Databases have the capability of retrieving a
single record almost instantly rather than spending several minutes digging through a paper–based
filing
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102. Microsoft Azure SQL Database
Visual creation of a Microsoft Azure SQL Database.
Hi Kids, welcome back for another thrilling, and hopefully edifying, blog post.
You may recall that I wrote a blog a little while ago about creating a database using Microsoft Azure
SQL Database. Did you read that one? If not, here it is. Well, I was thinking about that blog and
thought "You know what? I bet people would love to see a visual guide to setting up a database in
MASD." So, here it is.
Firstly, you'll need an Azure account. Don't have one? No problem. Go here to sign up for a free
trial. Now, they will ask for a credit card, but you needn't worry that they'll charge you at some point
in the future (unlike those dodgy ads where you get something for free, just give us your credit card
details and we'll charge your card monthly forever.) They won't charge you. I should know, I've used
many different email addresses to sign up for quite a few trials over the last few years. So go and get
an Azure account now... I'll wait...
Goodo, you're all set with your Azure account, I want you to sign in to the portal with it. The URL is
portal.azure.com.
This is what it should look like (this week at least... Azure is rapidly evolving technology, the
interface changes to reflect this.)
visual–creation–1
Alrighty, at this stage I'm going to ask you to click the big green + at the bottom left of the page,
thanks. You should now be looking at a screen like this:
visual–creation–2
Fantastic! You should explore all the things you
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106. What Is The Purpose Of Shifting Speech Patterns In...
Introduction Throughout the course of political campaigns, candidates travel throughout a set district
in order to gain the support of various constituents. In doing so, speech patterns may be dependent
upon the audience being addresses and by how concerned a candidate is with winning that group's
approval. Such changes unconsciously manifest, while others could be deliberate alterations to one's
speech. For this project, I would be examining this idea by analyzing modern political campaign
tactics and speeches; particularly, President Barack Obama would be the focal point of my analysis.
President Barack Obama emerged as a charismatic figure of the American political scene. In 2004,
then Senator Obama delivered a hopeful message during ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Through in–depth analysis of his political career, an answer will manifest. If so, are these changes
voluntary or involuntary? In addition, the purpose of shifting speech patterns will be investigated.
For answering the first question, my data, a collection of speeches made by President Barack
Obama, will allow me to analyze how a national politician may speak when going across the
country. Analysis would involve deep looks into the speeches and transcribing of speech patterns.
Such patterns may include changes in tone and pitch, hand gestures, selective vocabulary, etc. These
processes are similar across the board as all of these questions would require the same looks into my
data. To hypothesize, based on previous work in this course, I believe that the results will show a
deliberate change of speech with Barack Obama's speeches. In order to gain votes from the people,
one must pretend to be among the people.
Significance
Politicians compete every year for some level of power and authority. Voters grant such authority
through a democratic system of elections. Simply, elections are popularity contest as voters look for
the person who embodies the values they hold dear. Therefore, a politician fights to earn every vote
which he/she possibly can. One of the most distinct ways to make connect with people is to speak
the region's common language, whether that be a dialect or entirely different language than before.
This idea leaves
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110. a guide to mysql ch 7 Essay
CIS 331 – Database Management Using SQL
Week 6 Homework – Due: Week 7
Name ¬¬¬
1. Review Questions – page 207 (A Guide to MySQL – Chapter 7)
Questions 1 – 19 (type out the answers)
2. Premier Products – pages 207 – 209 (A Guide to MySQL – Chapter 7) Exercises 1 – 9 (create in
MySQL)
Except where indicated, use MySQL Query Browser to perform each operation and print the results.
3. Henry Books – pages 209 (A Guide to MySQL – Chapter 7) Exercises 1 – 9 (create in MySQL)
Except where indicated, use MySQL Query Browser to perform each operation and print the results.
Estimated Completion Time: ___________ Comments: _______________________________
Lab Assignment Grade: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
NUM = ORDER_LINE.ORDER_NUM AND PRICE > 100;
+––––––––––+––––––––––––––––+–––––––––––+––––––––––––––+
| PART_NUM | DESCRIPTION | ORDER_NUM | QUOTED_PRICE |
+––––––––––+––––––––––––––––+–––––––––––+––––––––––––––+
| DR93 | Gas Range | 21610 | 495.00 |
| DW11 | Washer | 21610 | 399.99 |
| KL62 | Dryer | 21613 | 329.95 |
| KT03 | Dishwasher | 21614 | 595.00 |
| BV06 | Home Gym | 21617 | 794.95 |
| CD52 | Microwave Oven | 21617 | 150.00 |
| DR93 | Gas Range | 21619 | 495.00 |
| KV29 | Treadmill | 21623 | 1290.00 |
+––––––––––+––––––––––––––––+–––––––––––+––––––––––––––+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

111. mysql> CREATE VIEW ORDER_TOTAL AS –> SELECT ORDERS.ORDER_NUM,
SUM(NUM_ORDERED * QUOTED_PRICE) AS TOTAL_AMOUNT FROM ORDERS,
ORDER_LINE WHERE ORDERS.ORDER_NUM = ORDER_LINE.ORDER_NUM GROUP BY
ORDERS.ORDER_NUM –> ORDER BY ORDER_NUM;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT ORDER_NUM, TOTAL_AMOUNT FROM ORDER_TOTAL WHERE
TOTAL_AMOUNT > 1000;
+–––––––––––+––––––––––––––+
| ORDER_NUM | TOTAL_AMOUNT |
+–––––––––––+––––––––––––––+
| 21613 | 1319.80 |
| 21614 | 1190.00 |
| 21617 | 1589.90 |
| 21623 | 2580.00 |
+–––––––––––+––––––––––––––+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT ORDERS.ORDER_NUM, SUM(NUM_ORDERED * QUOTED_PRICE) AS
T.TOTAL_AMOUNT FROM
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115. The Advantages And Disadvantages Of A Database Management...
Under those circumstances on what really the definition of repository is and what it contains, the
report entitled Digital Repositories Review conducted by JISC (2005) emphasizes the definition of
repository as follows:
Content is deposited in a repository, whether by the content creator, owner or third party on their
behalf.
The repository architecture manages content as well as metadata
The repository offers a minimum set of basic services e.g. put, get, search, access control
The repository must be sustainable and trusted, well–supported and well–managed.
And yet, because of rapid advancement of technology and accessing data all over the world, the
question what really the repository is and what it contains are not constant and ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Microsoft Word
Obtain on–line help
However, regardless of the usefulness and advantages of Microsoft Access on building software
project, it has also its own disadvantages which some developers experienced before, during as well
as after using this database management system as being discussed on the web LearnItanytime.com
as shown below:
Finite – Microsoft Access is useful for individual departments or small–to–medium business sectors.
Any sector whose usage goes beyond 2 GB will hit a wall and discover limitations.
Structure Query Language (SQL) – SQL for MS Access is not as robust as MS SQL Server or
Oracle, to just name a few.
One file – All the information from your database is saved into one file. This limits options and how
you choose utilize data; slowing down reports, queries, and forms. Its performance becomes slow as
the user scales data size. Multimedia data can use up MS Access limited space quickly.
Static–Friendly – It's difficult to publish files a part from static files.
Multi–user limited – Technical limit is 255 concurrent users, but real world limit is 10 to 80
(depending on type of
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119. Electronic Healthcare Information Systems Analysis
Databases, Electronic Healthcare Information Systems, Data Sets and Data Standards Patient data is
crucial to healthcare practice. Having the ability to create, modify, delete, and view patient data is
the most important aspect of healthcare. A vital storage mechanism to perform the above functions is
a database. A database is essential in development of Electronic Health Record system A database is
an organized collection of data saved as a binary–type file on a computer (Sayles, 2013). Binary–
type files only contains ones and zeros so it is unreadable to end users. A database management
system provides the ability to perform the functions mentioned above. Many vendors are available
in the marketplace for different kinds of database ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Data objects can model relational data or advanced data types such as graphics, movies, and audio.
Smalltalk, C++, Java, and others are objects used in object–oriented data. The object–relational is a
combination of relational and object–oriented databases. Traditional and advanced data types can be
used to construct database management systems. These systems can connect to a company's website
and update records as needed. Database Approach The main purpose of a database is data storage
that can be stored and retrieved when needed. A popular common language called structured query
language (SQL) is used to store and retrieve data in relational database. This language enables the
systems to run a report or modify data or remove the data from the database. A database
management system (DBMS) controls all aspects of a database, this is not limited to the creation,
maintenance, and use of database. The DBMS ensures proper applications are able to access the
database. An important purpose of a DBMS is to maintain the data definitions (data dictionary) for
all the data elements in the database. It also enforces data integrity and security measures. Data
Models Data models provide a contextual framework and graphical representation that aid in the
definition of data elements. In a relational database, the data model lays the foundation for the
database and identifies important entities,
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123. Reasons For The For A Doctor 's Work
There is a huge number of technical terms and sometimes we may need to define their meaning.
Every term has its definition but various sources may give quite different interpretations of the same
term and it is important to understand why. Any technical term can be used both by specialists of the
sphere this term belongs to and those who are not.
Therefore, there is a reason to give different definitions of terms depending on who requires it. For
instance, when a doctor needs to determine a certain medical term, it is obvious that such definition
should be extensive and contain all the information needed for the doctor's work. In the same time, a
simple person who has no any relation to medicine might also need to know the definition of ...
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On this website, we can find a large amount the information which could be useful for specialists.
There you can find causes, symptoms, diagnostics, types, forms, treatment, and some more data
connected to the disease. The style of information delivery is strict and scientific as it is designed for
specialists. The definition also contains many other medical terms. According to
www.mayoclinic.org, if you have hemophilia, you may bleed for a longer time after an injury than
you would if your blood clotted normally (Hemophilia, 2014). In this case, we can see that the term
is explained more simply as it is designed for ordinary people without medical knowledge. The term
is explained in a short form without particular medical terminology. It is made for everybody to
understand the meaning of the term.
The Mayo Clinic website's primary audience is patients who require medical services. The primary
audience for the CDC is health care providers and laboratory technicians. The audiences seem to
know their state of health so that they can use the information in the websites for their healthy
living. The websites target both male and female audiences who are susceptible to various diseases
and conditions. The education level for the audiences of Mayo Clinic is those with the ability to read
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127. What Is a Flow Chart?
By Nicholas Hebb Flow Chart Defined A flow chart is a graphical or symbolic representation of a
process. Each step in the process is represented by a different symbol and contains a short
description of the process step. The flow chart symbols are linked together with arrows showing the
process flow direction. Common Flowchart Symbols Different flow chart symbols have different
meanings. The most common flow chart symbols are: * Terminator: An oval flow chart shape
indicating the start or end of the process. * Process: A rectangular flow chart shape indicating a
normal process flow step. * Decision: A diamond flow chart shape indication a branch in the process
flow. * Connector: A small, labeled, circular flow chart shape used ... Show more content on
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Business Process Model Notation (BPMN) is a more technical type of diagram and should not be
used synonymously with flow chart. Lastly, Activity Diagrams, which are used in UML modeling,
are basically just flow charts, but they are used in conjunction with other types of diagrams that
depict software design and usage. Pseudocode (pronounced SOO–doh–kohd) is a detailed yet
readable description of what a computer program or algorithm must do, expressed in a formally–
styled natural language rather than in a programming language. Pseudocode is sometimes used as a
detailed step in the process of developing a program. It allows designers or lead programmers to
express the design in great detail and provides programmers a detailed template for the next step of
writing code in a specific programming language. Because pseudocode is detailed yet readable, it
can be inspected by the team of designers and programmers as a way to ensure that actual
programming is likely to match design specifications. Catching errors at the pseudocode stage is less
costly than catching them later in the development process. Once the pseudocode is accepted, it is
rewritten using the vocabulary and syntax of a programming language. Pseudocode is sometimes
used in conjunction with computer–aided software engineering–based methodologies. It is possible
to write programs that will convert a given pseudocode language into a given programming
language. RELATED GLOSSARY
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131. Management Informational System
Answer Review questions 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13, 16, 18, & 22 in your own words. First, write the
questions, and then answer with proper explanation.
1. Define the term database. How is it different from a database management system?
Database is simply a collection of data. A database helps and provides managers and decision
making people with timely and relevant information that leads the company to organizational
success. A database management system is totally different than regular database. A (DBMS) is a
group of programs that manipulates the database.
2. What is the hierarchy of data in a database?
The hierarchy of data in a database is bits, records, files, database, fields, and characters.
3. What is the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
5. A(n) Data Model is a diagram of entities and their relationships.
6. A(n) Relational Model database model that describes data in which all data elements are placed in
two–dimensional tables, called relations, which are the logical equivalent of files.
7. A(n) Flat file is a simple database program whose records have no relationship to one another.
8. A(n) Data Definition Language (DDL) is a collection of instructions and commands used to
define and describe data and relationships in a specific database.
9. A(n) Data Administrator is responsible for defining and implementing consistent principles for a
variety of data issues, including setting data standards and data definitions that apply across all the
databases in an organization.
10. A(n) Data Warehouse is a database that holds business information from many sources in the
enterprise, covering all aspects of the company's processes, products, and customers.
11. A(n) Data Mart is a subset of a data warehouse.
12. Data Mining is an information–analysis tool that involves the automated discovery of patterns
and relationships in a data warehouse.
13. Predictive Analysis is a form of data mining that combines historical data with assumptions
about future conditions to predict outcomes of events, such as future product sales or the probability
that a customer will default on a loan.
PART III
Case #1 Managing International Trades with Powerful
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135. A Database Problem Before Recommending A Sql Or Nosql Or...
1. What things would you want to know about a database problem before recommending a SQL or
NoSQL or BigData solution that would help you make that recommendation?
Answer:
I would like to know if there is current data base and what type is used: Excel table, Access DB,
SQL, NoSQL, and Word Documents. Then I would like to know how big current Data Base or
Datasets is. Then I would like to know what representation of data in Data Set is: key–value, raw
data, tables, schemas, structure or not. Next I will check what HW resources is: PC Servers, EC2,
OS, and Clusters. Then I would like to know, what protection is and duplication level is needed. If it
would be new project from scratch, then additional to questions above I would like to know ... Show
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Let's take Unis OS that has offer very limited user interface for file system and command like "ls",
"grep" and "find" that allow us to list or find files, but only support a limited query language, and
extend them with richer queries, Like :
a) Find all directories that contain an *.c file and an *.obj file with the same name but where the obj
file is older than the c file
b) List all directories in decreasing order of the number of files; list all directories in decreasing
order of the total amount of space used in that directory
c) Find duplicate files across all directories, i.e. files with the same name, same content
d) search in all directories that contain some .pdf file for all files that contain the words 'Conclusion '
and 'Introduction '
The schema of data will have table with following:
File name, Directory Structure, File Attribute, File Content and File signature
Representation will be a WEB service.
3. Describe in a few sentences a business or computational problem you would want to solve with a
NoSQL database, and what makes NoSQL a better choice in this case?
Answer: NoSQL DB is document based DB and represented in collection without solid structure
key–value pairs, documents, graph Db or wide–column stores and has not predefine schema, use
Dynamic schema. NoSQL DB is horizontally scalable that will increase amount of DB servers in the
pool of
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139. The Concept Of Abstract Data Types
Abstract The objective or purpose of this paper is to drill deep down into the concept of Abstract
Data Types. Draw the basic comparison between ADTs and few of the most frequently confused
terms with the concept. Examine how modern programing languages, predominantly, java, C#,
Python, Ruby, Objective C and C++ put these ideas into practice. The intent of my research is to
help developers identify the strengths and weakness of different abstract data type and evaluate
scenario under which each data type can be utilized to fully harness its maximum potential.
Keywords: Abstract Data Types, Data Types, Data Structures Abstract Data Types: Examine How
Different Languages Choose To Use the Concept Since most of the popular programing languages
used today are object oriented in nature, which in turn, is not a language, but a set of ideas that is
supported by many languages, part of my research will be focused on how these concepts came into
play and the rest will be aimed at collecting arguments to elaborate distinction and similarities
between the two paradigms. Before the concept of Object Oriented development was introduced,
programs were written as a long piece of code, often with all the data and variables defined in one
place and all the logic in another. This Approach to programing was known as Procedure–Oriented.
Although, procedural languages had named functions and subroutines to make the program look
more modular and maintainable, but as the code got bigger and more
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143. Types Of Sap Hana Models
1 Types of SAP HANA Models
This chapter provides an overview of the different models that can be created in SAP HANA. For
each model type, the chapter defines the model in question, outlines the criteria for choosing it, and
explains its benefits.
1.1 SAP HANA Database Engine Architecture
SAP HANA is an in–memory technology platform that is deployable as an appliance or in the cloud.
Its core is the SAP HANA database, which is built for high performance applications. It makes full
use of the main memory and processing power provided by modern hardware. As relevant data is
kept in main memory, read operations can run in main memory. SAP HANA is also designed to
make full use of multi–core CPUs by parallelization of execution. Research ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Application–specific services provided by the XS server are either created declaratively or by
writing server side application code. The XS server also hosts several system services, for example
for data replication, and for analytical queries and search queries over HTTP. Several web–based
tools included with SAP HANA are also running on XS, for example for development, system
administration, and life cycle management.
The name server owns the information about the topology of a SAP HANA system. In a distributed
system, the name server knows where the components are running and which data is located on
which server.
The SAP HANA studio is both development environment and administration tool. Administrators
can use the SAP HANA studio for example to start and stop servers, to monitor the system, to
configure system settings and to manage users and authorizations. As shown in figure 4, the SAP
HANA connects to the SAP HANA servers via SQL. Developers can use the SAP HANA studio to
create content such as data models, modeled views or procedures. These development artifacts are
stored in the SAP HANA repository. The SAP HANA studio is based on the Eclipse platform.
In addition to SAP HANA studio, there are also web–based tools for administration and
development. The server side parts of these tools are system applications that run in the XS server.
Web–based development tools can be used to perform most development tasks in a browser. Web–
based XS
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147. Database Management and Information Retrieval
Differentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on
their functionalities. Answer
A database management system (DBMS) is the main software tools of the database management
approach because it controls the creation, maintenance and use of the databases of an organization
and its end users. Information retrieval is a system that to provide the relevant information based on
the user needed. This process can be find through the passwords or keywords or query from the
users. Beside provide or find the relevant information towards the query, information retrieval also
make a ranking toward the information. Every document that are provided will have the ranking and
the information that have highest ranking will be known more relevan rather than others.
Information retrieval act as intermediation between the user and the information provided.
Database Management System Information Retrieval
1. Data dictionary. The database management system has been perform management function to the
elements in the database and how to connect the other data. To access the data basically it through it
through the database management system. this is will make easy to the user to search the data. 1. To
identify the information relevan to the areas of interest of the target user`s community.
2. Backup and recovery management. Through this function, it can help to prevent the outside threat
to the database. Database management system can restore the
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151. Application And Limits Of The Following Programming Paradigms
Assignment Brief
In order to satisfy Gary's need for knowledge, you should prepare a report covering following topics
(Tasks 1 – 4).
Task1 (P1)
Outlining the application and limits of the following programming paradigms:
object–oriented programming
Event–driven programming
Procedural programing
Task 2 (P2)
To help Gary make decisions about which language to choose, you are asked to provide Gary a list
of key factors and their importance in choosing a programming language.
Task 3 (P3 and P4)
As Gary is fascinated about computer software, he would also like you:
1. to explain sequence, selection and iteration as used in computer programming.
Note: you may refer to unit 16 assignment 1 task 1 a) for evidence)
b) Research and describe some commonly used data types in programming; explain the benefits of
having a variety of data types available to the programmer.
Task 4 (P6, M2 and D2)
Having outlined the roles of software design, you are to prepare a report on design tools and
techniques. Your report should cover the following topics using the scenario given above:
Screen designs (layouts, story boards)
IPO (Input, Process, Output)
Data Dictionary
HIPO (Hierarchical IPO) or Structure Chart
Flowchart
Pseudo–code
Furthermore, you are asked to: a) justify the choice of date types and software structures used in
your design (M2); b) develop algorithms to represent your design solution (D2).
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Object–oriented programming 2
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155. Assembly Language
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
An assembly language is a low–level programming language for a computer, microcontroller, or
other programmable device, in which each statement corresponds to a single machine code
instruction. Each assembly language is specific to a particular computer architecture, in contrast to
most high–level programming languages, which are generally portable across multiple systems.
Assembly language is converted into executable machine code by a utility program referred to as an
assembler; the conversion process is referred to as assembly, or assembling the code.
Assembly language uses a mnemonic to represent each low–level machine operation or opcode.
Some opcodes require one or more operands as part of the instruction, and most ... Show more
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The popular arcade game NBA Jam (1993) is another example. Assembly language has long been
the primary development language for many popular home computers of the 1980s and 1990s (such
as the Sinclair ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64, Commodore Amiga, and Atari ST). This was in large
part because BASIC dialects on these systems offered insufficient execution speed, as well as
insufficient facilities to take full advantage of the available hardware on these systems. Some
systems, most notably the Amiga, even have IDEs with highly advanced debugging and macro
facilities, such as the freeware ASM–One assembler, comparable to that of Microsoft Visual Studio
facilities (ASM–One predates Microsoft Visual Studio).
The Assembler for the VIC–20 was written by Don French and published by French Silk. At 1,639
bytes in length, its author believes it is the smallest symbolic assembler ever written. The assembler
supported the usual symbolic addressing and the definition of character strings or hex strings. It also
allowed address expressions which could be combined with addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division, logical AND, logical OR, and exponentiation operators.
COMPILER
A compiler is a computer program (or set of programs) that transforms source code written in a
programming language (the source language) into another computer language (the target language,
often having a binary form known as object code). The most common reason for wanting
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159. Oracle Essbase Presales Specialist Assessment
Oracle Essbase PreSales Specialist Assessment(Answer all questions in this section)1. Essbase
structures data into natural business concepts in a multidimensional database. Mark for Review
(1) Points | True (*) |
| False |
| | Correct. Essbase structures data into natural business concepts in a multidimensional database. |
2. Essbase can support only two different business models. Mark for Review
(1) Points | True (*) |
| False |
| | Correct. Essbase can support many different business models. |
3. Communication between data sources and the metadata catalog with the middle and database tiers
is done through which of the following? Mark for Review
(1) Points(Choose all correct answers) | OJBC | ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mark for Review
(1) Points | True |
| False (*) |
| | Incorrect. BI implementations can actually assist in identifying underlying data quality issues. |
13. What is the most important reason to consider all levels in building a BI business case? Mark for
Review
(1) Points | Because it helps in building a business case focused on efficiency improvements. |
| Because Business Strategy directly determines infrastructure requirements. |
| Because the levels build on each other can provide direct linkage from a customer 's business
strategy to the supporting infrastructure components. (*) |
| Because clear definition of Management and Operational processes is not possible without an
understanding of the customer 's business strategy. |
| | Correct. The most important reason to consider all levels in building a BI business case is that the

160. levels build on each other, which can provide direct linkage from a customer 's business strategy to
the supporting infrastructure components. |
14. Which of the following statements is TRUE? Mark for Review
(1) Points | An organization can best achieve significant competitive advantage by focusing on
operational excellence, which can be described as smart, agile and aligned. |
| An organization can best achieve significant competitive advantage by focusing on management
excellence, which can be described as having "lean and mean" business processes. |
| An organization can
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