ADVENT OF EUROPEANS.pptx

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1. B.J.P.S Samiti’s M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM HIGH SCHOOL TITLE OF THE PRESENTATION Program: Semester: Course: NAME OF THE COURSE : Staff Name; VARADA PHADKE 1

2. Guide The trade and commerce relationship India had with Europeans lines 6 Words per Line 6 Sl Constantinople of Eastern Roman empire was The center of International business between The European and Asian countries And it was called the ‘Gate of European Trade 6 Slides before an Image Break Minimum 24 Font size for Text Minimum 36 Font size for Titles Maximum 10-12 slides of Content per hour M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 2

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4. The fall of Constantinople es 1453CE, the Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople And levied heavy taxes on others trade Meanwhile, Spain and Portugal were attempting to break the monopoly of Italian traders. The invention of Compass, Astrolabes, and Gunpowder provided further impetus to this venture . s per Line 6 Lines per Slide 6 Slides before an Image Break Minimum 24 Font size for Text Minimum 36 Font size for Titles Maximum 10-12 slides of Content per hour M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 4

5. ANCIENT TRADE ROUTE M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 5

6. A new sea Route to India 6 Words pe Vasco da Gama, the Portuguese sailor who left Lisbon and reached Kappadu near Calicut on the East coast of India in 1498. By this, he was successful in discovering a new sea route to India r Line 6 Lines per Slide 6 Slides before an Image Break Minimum 24 Font size for Text Minimum 36 Font size for Titles Maximum 10-12 slides of Content per hour M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 6

7. pe Vasco da Gama’s new sea route to India M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 7

8. 6 Words pe Portuguese navigator, Vasco da Gama came To Calicut. They enjoyed trade monopoly Over Arabian sea till 17 th century. Francisco de Almeida arrived in India as the Viceroy of Portuguese. He implemented ‘Blue Water Policy’ in order to establish the supremacy over the Sea instead of supremacy over lands r Line 6 Lines per Slide 6 Slides before an Image Break Minimum 24 Font size for Text Minimum 36 Font size for Titles Maximum 10-12 slides of Content per hour M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 8 Arrival of Portuguese

9. pe Vasco da Gama Francisco de Almeida M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 9

10. Arrival of Dutch East India company Dutch established United East India Company in 1602 with the aim of doing business with eastern countries and entered countries like India, Java, Sumatra, Indonesia and spices rich islands. They established warehouses in Surat, Broach, Kambe , Kochin , Nagapatanim , Masulipatanam and Chinsor M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 10

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12. Arrival English East India company British East India company started business in 1613. Established factories at Agra Ahamadabad and Broach. French East India company in 1664, started factory IN Surat. The Portuguese and Dutch had withdrawn from India unable to withstand the competition from French and English by 18th century . M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 12

13. Arrival of French East India company The French East India Company started as a government owned company in 1664. It started its first factory at Surat in the year 1668. Later they established its factories in Machalipatinam , Chandernagore, Mahe , Karaikal , Cassimbazar , Balasore . In 1674, the French took Valikandapuram Later it came to be known as Puducheri or Pondichery . This became the Capital of the French till they left India . M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 13

14. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 14 Dupleix, who arrived (1746) in Pondicherry as the Governor General of the French had the high ambitions of establishing the French as a major power in South India. This ambition led to the Carnatic wars with the British.

15. The Competition between the English and the French The Portuguese and the Dutch had withdrawn from India unable to withstand the competition from French and English The French and the English resorted to show of strength in order to establish their political supremacy over India political in Instability arose in the regions of Hyderabad and Carnatic (Eastern part of Tamil Nadu) and both the English and French tried to exploit the situation in their favor. This led to three Carnatic Wars. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 15

16. First Carnatic War (1746-48) On the request of Dupleix, La Bourdonnais , a French military leader from Mauritius invaded Madras and captured it from the English. This forced the helpless British to request the help of Anwaruddin , the Nawab of Carnatic. The army sent by Anwaruddin failed to defeat the French at Madras. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 16

17. La Bourdonnais took money from the English and returned Madras and went back to Mauritius. This enraged Dupleix and he attempted to take Madras but failed. the war ended with a treaty in Europe between France and England called‘Treaty of Aix- laChapelle ’. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 17

18. Second Carnatic War (1749-1754 M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 18 Fought between: Different claimants to the posts of the Nizam of Hyderabad, and the Nawab of the Carnatic ; each claimant being supported either by the British or the French. People involved: Muhammad Ali and Chanda Sahib (for the Nawabship of the Carnatic or Arcot ); Muzaffar Jung and Nasir Jung (for the post of the Nizam of Hyderabad). When: 1749 – 1754 Where: Carnatic (Southern India) Result: Muzaffar Jung became Hyderabad’s Nizam . Muhammad Ali became the Nawab of the Carnatic .

19. Effects of the Second Carnatic War Although the French gained the Northern Sircars , Dupleix was criticised by the French authorities because of heavy losses to the French company. Dupleix was called back to France. He was replaced by Charles-Robert Godeheu who signed the Treaty of Pondicherry. As per the treaty, the English and the French were to indulge only in commercial activities in India and not interfere in sub-continental political affairs. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 19

20. Causes of Third Carnatic War Fought between: The French and the British People involved: Count de Lally (French General), British Lieutenant-General Sir Eyre Coote When: 1757 – 1763 Where: Carnatic , South India Result: British victory M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 20

21. The course of the Third Carnatic War Count de Lally of the French attempted to besiege the fort Wandiwash in 1760. In this decisive battle, Sir Eyre Coote of the English army defeated the French and imprisoned Bussy . Lally escaped and hid in Pondicherry. Finally, Eyre Coote attacked Pondicherry and Lally had to surrender unconditionally in 1761. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 21

22. Effects of the Third Carnatic War The French lost all their bases in India due to the Carnatic wars. In spite of this, as per the ‘Treaty of Paris’ signed in 1763, Pondicherry was returned to French. With these developments, the French lost their importance in India. In this way, the English by defeating all their rivals, started consolidating their power in Southern India. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 22

23. Battle of Plassey (1757) REASON Ali Wardi Khan, the Nawab of Bengal died in 1756. His grandson Siraj-ud-Daula came to the throne . 1. Misuse of Dastaks : 2. Mending of the fort without permission: 3. Black Room Tragedy: M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 23

24. Outcomes 1. This war brought out the immorality, lack of unity among the Indians and the greed of Indian businessmen. 2. Mir Jaffar became the Nawab of Bengal. 3. The company gained exclusive rights to trade in Bengal. 4. Mir Jaffar had to pay Rupees seventeen crores and seventy lakhs to Sirja-ud-Daulah as war indemnity for the attack of Fort William . M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 24

25. BATTLE OF BUXAR: CAUSES Mir Qasim wanted to be independent and shifted his capital to Munger Fort from Calcutta. He also hired foreign experts to train his army, some of whom were in direct conflict with the British. He treated Indian merchants and English as same, without granting any special privileges for the latter. These factors fuelled the English to overthrow him and war broke out between Mir Kasim and the Company in 1763. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 25

26. Outcomes 1. Shah Alam -II accorded the Diwani rights over Bengal to the British. 2. Shah Alam -II gave away all the rights over Bengal to the British for an annual fee of Rupees 26 lakhs . 3. Shuj-ud-daula the Nawab of Awadh had to pay war indemnity of Rupees 50 lakhs for waging a war against the company. 4 M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 26

27. With the death of Mir Jaffar , the company paid pension to his son and took over the entire administration of Bengal. M.V.HERWADKAR ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL 27