Advent of europeans to india

indian history

1. Advent of Europeans to india

2. Dutch Dutch are from Holland or Netherlands. They established United East India Company in 1602 with the aim of doing business with eastern countries and entered countries like India, Java, Sumatra, Indonesia and spices rich islands. They established warehouses in Surat, Broach, Kambe , Kochin , Nagapatanim , Masulipatanam and Chinsor and other places in India. With this they broke the monopoly of Portuguese in India. Later, unable to face competition from English and French, Dutch limited themselves to Spice rich Islands.

3. English In 1600, December 31, Queen Elizabeth issued a royal charter authorizing East India Company to trade with Eastern Countries for fifteen years. The company started the business formally in 1613. The Mughal Emperor Jahangir issued a royal permission to English to establish their first warehouse of factory at Surat. He sought permission from Jahangir to establish factories in other places of Mughal Empire. English established factories in Agra, Ahmadabad and Broach.

4. English In 1639, English took Madras from took King of Chandragiri and established a strong fort named St. George Fort. By 17th century, the English had established Bombay, Madras and Calcutta as the centres of their Presidencies. By the later part of Eighteenth century, the English made Calcutta as their capital city. They implemented their own Civil and Criminal Procedure Codes in the areas that were under their control.

5. French French East India Company started as a government owned company in 1664. It started its first factory in Surat in the year 1668 . Later they established to its factories in Machalipatanam , Chandranagara , Mahe , Karaikallu , Cossimbazar , Balasur . Later they established to its factories in Machalipatanam , Chandranagara , Mahe , Karaikallu , Cossimbazar , Balasur . In 1674, the French took Valikandapuram from a local Muslim official and developed it as a major trade centre. That centre is Puducheri or Pondichery .

6. French Dupleix, who arrived in Pondicherry as the Governor General of French had the high ambitions of establishing French as the major power in South India. This ambition led to Carnatic wars with the English.

7. The competition between English and French The Portuguese and Dutch had withdrawn from India unable to withstand the competition from French and English by 18 th century. Finally, French and English resorted to show strength in order to establish their political supremacy over India. Meanwhile, political volatility aroused in the regions of Hyderabad and Carnatic. (eastern part of Tamil N adu ) and both the English and French tried to exploit the situation in their favour . This led to three Carnatic W ars.

8. First Carnatic war (1746 – 48) On the request of Dupleix, la Bourdonnais , a French military leader from Mauritius invaded madras and captured it. This forced the helpless British to request the help of anwaruddin, the Nawaz of Carnatic for support. The army sent by anwaruddin failed to defeat the French at madras. Finally, la Bourdonnais took money from the English and returned madras and went back to Mauritius. This enraged Dupleix and attempted to take madras but failed In it. Finally, this war ended with a treaty In Europe between French and English called ‘treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle.

9. Second Carnatic war (1749 – 1754) In the changed circumstances, French made Salabath Jung, another son of AsafJha as the Nizam of Hyderabad. An officer named Bussi was stationed in Hyderabad for his protection by French. In Carnatic Chandasaheb was the Nawab with the help of French. Robert Clive of East India Company attacked Arcot , the capital city of Carnatic and defeated Chandsaheb . Chandsaheb was imprisoned and later killed in this war. In the place of Chandsaheb , the English named Mahammad Ali, the son of Anwaruddin , as the Nawab of Carnatic.

10. Second Carnatic war (1749 – 1754) The second Carnatic war ended with the Treaty of Pondicherry. French recalled Dupleix. This war brought laurels to English, while French suffered a political setback.

11. Third Carnatic War (1756-1763): Comte de Lally of French attempted to besiege Wandiwash in 1760 . In this decisive battle Sir Eyre Coote of the English army defeated the French and imprisoned Bussi . Finally, Eyre Coote attacked Pondicherry and Lally ad to surrender unconditionally in 1761.  French had to lose all their bases in India due to Carnatic wars. In spite of this, as per the ‘treaty of Paris’ in 1763, Pondicherry was returned to French . With these developments, French lost their importance in India. Like this, English by defeating all their rivals, started consolidating their power over the Southern India.