ADVERSE DRUG EFFECTS and pvg and its application.ppt

adr and pvg

1. ADVERSE DRUG EFFECTS
DR.RENUKA DEVI M.D.
ASST PROF OF PHARMACOLOGY

2. ADVERSE DRUG EFFECTS
DEFINITION;
“any undesirable,unintended consequence of drug
administration”
TYPES
Type 1: reactions predictable
Type 2: reactions unpredictable

3. SEVERITY
Severity of drug reactions has been graded as

4. ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS
SIDE EFFECTS
SECONDARY EFFECTS
TOXIC EFFECTS
INTOLERANCE
IDIOSYNCRASY
DRUG ALLERGY
PHOTOSENSITIVITY
DRUG DEPENDANCE

5. ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS
DRUG ABUSE
DRUG WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS
DRUG HABITUATION
TERATOGENICITY
CARCINOGENICITY AND MUTAGENICITY
DRUG INDUCED DISEASES

6. SIDE EFFECTS
SIDE EFFECTS:
unavoidable pharmacodynamic effects occur at therapeutic
dose
Eg;
PROMETHAZINE produces sedation which js unrelated to its anti allergic
action
ESTROGEN cause NAUSEA which is unrelated to anovulatory action

SECONDARY ACTIONS:
indirect consequences of a primary action of the drug
Eg;
Suppression of bacterial flora by tetracycline-paves way for superinfection
Corticosteroids weaken host defence mechanism

7. TOXIC EFFECTS
over dosage or prolonged use of drug
Eg;
MORPHINE –analgesic cause respiratory failure in over dosage
STREPTOMYCIN –anti tubercular drug cause vestibular damage on
prolonged use
POISINING-due to drug toxicity
INTOLERANCE
Toxic effects of a drug in an induvidual at therapeutic doses
Eg;
Few doses of CARBMAZEPINE cause ATAXIA in some people
One tab of CHLOROQUINE cause VOMITING in some induvidual.

8. IDIOSYNCRACY
Abnormal activity to a chemical….certain adverse effects of a
drug restricted to individual of a particular genotype
Eg;
BARBITUARATES cause excitement and mental confusion in some
people
QUININE cause cramps ,diarrhea in some individuals

9. DRUG ALLERGY
DRUG ALLERGY

10. PHOTOSENSITIVITY
PHOTOSENSITIVITY
Drug induced sensitization of the skin
Eg;
Naldixic acid
Phenothiazine
Fluroquinolones
DRUG DEPENDANCE
Repititive use of a drug cause altering mood and feelings

11. Eg:
Alcohol
Benzodiazepines
Discontinuation causes withdrawal symptoms
DRUG ABUSE
Drug usage deviated from the approvrd medical pattern
DRUG ADDICTION
Compulsive drug use
Eg;LSD,cannabis.
DRUG HABITUATION
Habitual usage
Eg;tea,coffee,tobacoo.

12. TERATOGENICITY
Drug causes fetal abnormality when adminstered to pregnant
mother
Eg;
Thalidomide,tetracycline,lithium
CARCINOGENICITY and MUTAGENICITY
Drug cause cancer and genitic defects
Eg;
Estrogen,radio isotypes

13. DRUG INDUCED DISEASES
Iatrogenic
Eg;
PEPTIC ULCER by SALICYLATES
HEPATITIS by INH.

14. TREATMENT
Stop the drug
Mild reaction subside by themselves
For skin rash,urticaria
Anti histaminic(H1)
IN ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK
0.5 mg ADRENALINE s.c
Branchospasm
I.V glucocorticoids
Careful observation

15. PREVENTION
Avoid all inappropriate use of drugs
Use correct dose ,route ,frequency of drug administration
H/o any previous drug drug reaction
H/o allergic disease
Rule out drug interaction when more drug given
Adopt correct technique
Careful monitoring