Adverse effect of blood transfusion & its management.pptx

Slide of medicine topic titled 'Adverse effect of blood transfusion'

1. Adverse effect of blood transfusion & its management Presenter Dr Tunny Pramanik Intern Doctor, SZMCH

2. Along with the advantages of blood transfusion there are also some disadvantages of blood transfusion which may be acute or delayed or which may be febrile, allergic or hemolytic. It may be mild or may be severe, life threatening. Now we are going to apprise ourselves about some of them.

3. Hazards of blood transfusion Transfusion reaction: It can be divided into 2 type Acute transfusion reaction: Which occurs within 24 hour. Which may be due to - wrong blood, primed immunological recipient - Poor quality blood, faulty assessment Delayed Transfusion Reaction: Which occurs after 24 hour of transfusion which may be due to - disease - or other delayed immunologic reaction, metabolic effect (5-10days)

4. Now we must know about the management of blood transfusion reaction. At first we record the following information : *type of transfusion reaction *time lapse between start of transfusion and when reaction occurred *volume type and bag number of transfused product T hen we should do some investigation if possible and take post transfusion blood sample (1 clotted &1 anti coagulated) -repeat ABO and RhD group -repeat antibody screening & cross matching -coagulation screening -direct antiglobulin test -s creatinine -s electrolyte -blood urea For management purpose it is divided into some categories

5. Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction An acute Haemolytic transfusion reaction is the result of mismatched blood transfusion & causes active intravascular hemolysis. Even a small volume of (5-10ml)incompatible blood can cause a severe reaction and larger volume can increase the risk

6. Causes responsible for hemolytic transfusion reaction : -error in request form - taking blood from wrong patient -inadequate checking of blood label against patient identity Prevention : -correctly label blood sample &request form -place the patient's blood sample in correct sample tube -always check the blood unit against the identity of the patient at the bedside before transfusion

7. Bacterial contamination and septic shock Bacterial contamination affects up to 0.4% of red cell & 1-2% of platelet concentrate. Blood may become contaminated by: -Bacteria From donor's skin -bacteraemia may present in the blood of the donor -Improper handling during blood processing -defect or damage to the blood bag Management : Urgent supportive care & high dose iv antibiotic are required

8. Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload It may occur in following conditions : -too much fluid is transfused - the transfusion is given too rapidly - Renal function is impaired - patient with chronic severe anaemia - underlying cardiovascular disease Management : Treatment should be provided according to the cause

9. Thank You!