ae_tt9_past_perfect.pptx....................

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1. Past perfect

2. Past perfect When we talk about something that happened in the past, we sometimes want to refer back to something that happened before that time. We can use the   past perfect   tense ( had + past participle ) to do this. Look at these two sentences:   John left home at 8:15 yesterday. Mary rang John’s doorbell at 8:30 yesterday. Now look at how we can combine the sentences. When Mary rang John’s doorbell at 8:30 yesterday, he had already left home. Both actions happened in the past, so we use the  past simple  tense. We use the  past perfect   ( had left ) because the action happened before  another action in the past. ( Mary rang John’s doorbell. )

3. Past perfect Look at some more examples of the  past perfect . Larry decided to watch a film after he had done his Science project. James had cooked breakfast when we got up. I got a postcard from Jonathan last month. We ’d been at university together, but we ’d lost touch with each other. The past perfect is used because he did his project before he watched a film. It refers to an earlier past. The past perfect tells us that James cooked breakfast before   we got up. The past perfect is used because they were at university before he received the postcard. It refers to an earlier past.

4. Past perfect PAST PERFECT - Form AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE I had played done eaten said seen I had not ( hadn’t ) played done eaten said seen Had I played …? done …? eaten…? said…? seen…? You You you He He he She She she It It it We We we You You you They They they Joana said she   had   already   seen   that film before. I  had not seen  that film before we went to the cinema to see it. Had   she   eaten   dinner before she went to the cinema?

5. Past perfect PAST PERFECT – Time expressions Read these examples. When I finally got home, they had all left . My bedroom was dirty. I hadn't cleaned it for days. I had done my homework before I phoned Julie. We went to the cinema after we had chosen the film. By the time I got to the cinema, Julie had just bought the tickets. I arrived late, so the film had already begun . We had never seen such a good film before. My sixteenth birthday was the best day I had ever had . Nobody had ever said that to me before. BE CAREFUL! You must not use never , nothing or nobody and not together. The verb must be in the affirmative : I had never been to Italy before last holiday.

6. Past perfect PAST PERFECT - PRACTICE

7. Past perfect Fill in the gaps with the Past Perfect. 1. When I arrived at the pizzeria, my friend __________________ a vegetarian pizza.  (already / order) 2. My mum noticed that my dad ______________ their bedroom walls before painting the ceiling.  (not / paint) 3. Before Emma washed the dishes, she _________ a talk with her mother. (have) 4. She asked me if I ____________  for my piano recital.  (practise) 5. There were no apples when I came back. My mum _____________ to go to the supermarket. (forget) had already ordered hadn’t painted had had had practised had forgotten

8. Past perfect 6. It _____________ for three weeks, so the flow of streams and rivers declined. (not / rain) 7. I did not read my sister’s message because I _______ my mobile phone. (lose) 8. Lisa ______________ to a theatre play before yesterday evening. (never / be) 9. __________________ the software before he switched off the computer?  (Walter / update) 10. _____________ her dog before she left home? (Emma / feed) had not rained Had Walter updated had lost had never been Had Emma fed

9. Past perfect Had you studied the past perfect before in your Student’s Book and Workbook ? Look at them again and practise a bit more…

10. Past perfect