Aerobic and anaerobic exercise

p.e 11

1. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
Aerobic and anaerobic
exercise
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 1

2. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
What you will learn about
in this topic:

1.Aerobic respiration

2.Anaerobic respiration

3.The function and role of blood

4.The recovery process
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 2

3. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
Learning objectives

By the end of this presentation you
should be able to:
•Understand the differences
between aerobic and anaerobic
respiration

•Describe what oxygen debt is

•Explain the role of the blood in the
transport of substances around the
body
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 3

4. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
Aerobic respiration

During aerobic respiration your
heart and lungs work to supply the
muscles with oxygen.

The aerobic system is used in
moderate to hard continuous
activities.
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 4

5. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
The formula for aerobic respiration
is:

glucose + oxygen =
Energy + CO
2 + H
2O
To help you remember:

Extra air = aerobic respiration
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 5

6. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
As long as
enough oxygen is
supplied to the
muscles you can
use the aerobic
system.
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 6

7. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
Anaerobic respiration
glucose + NO oxygen
lactic acid + energy
During anaerobic respiration the
muscles are NOT supplied with
oxygen.
To help you remember:

No air = anaerobic respiration
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 7

8. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
Athletic field events are
good examples of
anaerobic exercise.
These activities use one
all-out burst of
maximum effort to
complete the event; the
time it takes to
complete the attempt is
very short.
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 8

9. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
The demand for oxygen is so great that
the cardiovascular system does not have
time to supply the demand.

When an athlete stops after a sprint,
they continue to breathe more heavily
for a while to take in ‘extra’ oxygen.

This is in order to break down the
accumulated lactic acid, which makes
your muscles feel tired.
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 9

10. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
The shortage of oxygen is called oxygen
debt, and the body is paying back the
oxygen built up during the sprint.
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 10

11. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
Working together

Both the aerobic and anaerobic
respiration systems work together.

For the first part of an activity the body
tends to work in an anaerobic way until
the body has had a chance to process
and use the oxygen it is breathing in.

The aerobic system then takes over for
activities lasting longer than a minute.
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 11

12. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
Task

With a partner, make a list of the
positive and negative effects of
aerobic and anaerobic training on
performance.

For each effect add a detailed
sporting example.
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 12

13. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
Short-term effects on exercise
Tidal volume
increases
Aerobic
respiration
Oxygen debt
Gaseous
exchange in
alveoli
Blood flow
reduced to
areas not in
use
Fatigue in
muscles
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 13

14. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
Waste water
released from the
body as sweat on
surface of the skin
Air exhaled to
stop build up of
carbon dioxide
Release of
energy
Stroke volume
increases as the heart
sends out more blood
per beat
Heart beat
increases
Adrenaline
released
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 14

15. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
Long-term effects on exercise

Endurance training makes the
exchange of gases in the alveoli
more efficient.

The muscles are able to work at a
moderate to hard level for longer
without tiring, which increases the
vital capacity of the lungs.
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 15

16. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
Interval training over short distances at
fast speeds results in an oxygen debt.

By continuing this form of training new
capillaries are formed, heart muscles are
strengthened and the delivery of oxygen
is improved, helping to stop the build up
of lactic acid.

The overall effect is called an oxygen
debt tolerance.
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 16

17. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
Task 2


1.Create a table to show the long-
term and short-term effects of
exercise on the respiratory system.

2.Use the two headings ‘Long-term
effects of exercise’ and ‘Short-term
effects of exercise’ and write a list
of what happens to the body under
each heading.
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 17

18. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
The function and role of blood

Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are
small but the body contains millions
of them.

The main job of the red blood cell is
to carry oxygen around the body
and to transport carbon dioxide, a
waste product, to the lungs.
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 18

19. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
In adults, red blood cells
are produced in the bone
marrow of long bones.

During exercise the blood
increases in thickness as
water is removed as waste.
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 19

20. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
Red blood cells contain a substance
called haemoglobin. Oxygen
chemically attaches itself to it to
make oxyhaemoglobin.

This is how oxygen is transported to
the working muscles and carbon
dioxide is taken to the lungs,
transported in a solution of plasma.
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 20

21. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
White blood cells (leukocytes)
protect the body by fighting
infection at its source, repairing
damaged tissue after an injury and
destroying bacteria.
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 21

22. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 22

23. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
When a cut or
graze occurs, the
white blood cells
gather to stop
bacteria entering
the body. When a
scab forms it is
made up of dead
leukocytes.
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 23

24. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
There are fewer white than red
blood cells in the body.

Between 60 and 70 per cent of
white blood cells are produced in
the bone marrow of long bones
while the remaining 20 to 30 per
cent is made in the lymph tissue of
the body.
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 24

25. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
The recovery process
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 25
Recovery allows
the muscles to
become stronger,
increases muscle
proteins and helps
to improve the lactic
acid threshold.

26. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
Recovery phases are important.
They:
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 26
•must be planned

•repair damaged tissue (including
muscle)

•should improve level of fitness.

27. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 27
•The time and intensity of the
exercise
•Physical differences such as size
and weight
•Age
•Gender
•Fitness level
There are many differences which
affect the time taken to recover
from physical activity:

28. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
Exam question

1. Explain the difference
between aerobic and anaerobic
respiration.

2. What sports does aerobic
respiration help most
effectively? Give two examples.
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 28

29. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 29
What you have learnt about
in this topic:

1.Aerobic respiration

2.Anaerobic respiration

3.The function and role of blood

4.The recovery process

30. © Folens 2009 For AQA
3.1.1c The demands of performance: the difference between
aerobic and anaerobic exercise
Learning objectives

You should now be able to:
Aerobic and anaerobic exercise 30
•Understand the differences
between aerobic and anaerobic
respiration

•Describe what oxygen debt is

•Explain the role of the blood in
the transport of substances
around the body