Aeronix Session- Wing and aeroplane .pdf

aeroplane

1. WINGS -
RESEARCH &
AERODYNAMICS

2. Types of Wings & Configurations
Pros & Cons
Parts of Wings
High lift devices
Airfoil & its types
Dimensioning of Wing parameters
Aerodynamics of Wing
Content

3. Wing Types
Rectangular Wing
Easy to construct
Less cost to construct
Greater Aileron control
Better stall characteristics
Aerodynamical inefficiency is
quite less.

4. Moderately Tapered Wing
Highly Tapered Wing
Lower induced drag, more lift
Better efficiency
Thicker at the root where the
bending moment is greatest,
allowing the wing spar to be lighter.
Difficult to construct
Comprise between efficiency &
manufacurabilty

5. Swept Back
Reduced drag at transonic speed
High speed commercial aircrafts
More lateral stability
Less turbulence

6. Elliptical Wing Delta/Pointed Wing
Most efficient
Minimum drag
Poor manufacurability

7. WING CONFIGURATIONS

Mid Wing
High Wing
Low Wing
Stable
Less maneuverable
Well balanced & large
Highly Maneuverable
control surface area
Comparitively stable
Maneuverable

8. PARTS OF WINGS
RIBS
The ribs give the wing its
cambered shape and transmit
the load from the skin and
stringers to the spars.
SPARS
The spars are the principle
structural members of a wing.
They support all distributed
loads, as well as concentrated
weights such as the fuselage,
landing gear, and engines.

10. HIGH LIFT DEVICES/CONTROL
SURFACES OF WINGS

11. Ailerons1.
Ailerons are flight control that roll the airplane along
longitudinal axis.
Airplane movement - Roll
Axes of rotation - Longitudinal
Type of stabilty - Lateral

12. Adverse Yaw

13. 2. Flaps
Mounted on trailing edge of
the wing.
Used to reduce takeoff and
landing distance.
Flaps extend, lift and drag
distribution rises.

14. Working of flaps

15. 3. Flaperons
Combines the function of
ailerons and flaps.
Flaps are used to create lift
or drag depending on their
use, while ailerons keep the
plane from rolling over.
Flaperons reduce weight.

16. 4. Spoilers & Trim Tabs
Spoiler

17. AIRFOIL
The cross-sectional shape of
the wing is called an airfoil.
The airplane generates lift
using its wings.

18. Airfoil terminology
Chord: Extends from leading edge to trailing edge of the wing
Camber line: Points halfway between chord and upper wing surface

19. Working of Airfoil

20. SYMMETRICAL

AIRFOIL
TYPES
FLAT BOTTOMED
SEMI
SYMMETRICAL
UNDERCAMBERED

22. WING DIMENSIONING
PARAMETERS

23. Wing span
The distance from the tip of one wing to the tip of
the other.
Wing Area
The projected area of the planform and is
bounded by the leading and trailing edges.
Root Chord
A distance between leading and trailing edge at
the begining of the wing.
Tip Chord
A distance between leading & trailing edge at the
end of the wing.
1
2
3
4

24. Aspect Ratio
Ratio of wingspan to its mean chord i.e ratio of
square of wing span to wing area.
Taper Ratio
Ratio of tip chord and root chord of wing lengths.
Mean Aerodynamic Chord
A chord where total/max lift generally acts.
Aerodynamic Centre
A point where pitching moment doesn't vary with
lift coefficient i.e resultant moment with respect
to angle of attack is zero.
6
5
7
8

25. Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics is the study of forces and the
resulting motion of objects through the air.
Studying the motion of air around an object
allows us to measure the forces of lift, which
allows an aircraft to overcome gravity, and
drag, which is the resistance an aircraft “feels”
as it moves through the air.
Bernoulli's Principle on
Aircraft
An increase in velocity leads to an
decrease in pressure.
High Pressure Low Velocity
Low Pressure High Velocity

26. Recap
TYPES OF WINGS
WING CONFIGURATIONS
PARTS OF WINGS
CONTROL SURFACES
TYPES OF AIRFOILS
WING PARAMETERS &
BERNOULLI'S

27. THANK
YOU
Until next time
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