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1. Sana'a university
pharmaceutical III
Aerosols
Supervised by: Dr/Abdulalwali Al-shargebi
Done by: Nawaf Al_Asadi

2. Sana'a university
pharmaceutical III
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Contents
Introduction
Definition
Advantages of aerosols.
Disadvantages of aerosols
COMPONENTS OF AEROSOLS
Types of systems
Manufacture  of earosols
Aerosols

3. Sana'a university
pharmaceutical III
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INTRODUCTION To aerosols
Scientists use the term "aerosol" to describe any suspended solid
or liquid particles in the atmosphere.

It comes from the prefix "aero," meaning air, and the suffix "sol,"
which is short for the solution.

In chemistry, aerosols are classified as a type of colloid, a
homogenous mixture of particles of one substance distributed
throughout a second substance
Aerosols

4. Sana'a university
pharmaceutical III
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Definition of Pharmaceutical Aerosol

Pharmaceutical Aerosol : are pressurized dosage forms in which
solid or liquid drugs are dissolved or suspended in a propellant,
and the contents are released in the form continuous or metered
dose of mist, spray or stream of foam

Pharmaceutical aerosols are:
topical or local application for the nose (nasal aerosols)
oral cavity (lingual aerosols)
For lungs (inhalation aerosols)
Aerosols

5. Sana'a university
pharmaceutical III
Advantages of aerosols Disadvantages of aerosols
A specific amount of dose or drug can
be removed
Explosive
Easy and convenient to apply Faster
onset of action
Expensive
Protect the photosensitive
medicaments and oxygen sensitive
material
difficulty in applying the medication to a
small area
Avoid the first pass metabolism Inflammability. And Toxicity
No microorganism can enter Chlorofluorocarbon propellants
cause Ozone layer depletion.
Supervised by: Dr/Abdulalwali Al-shargebi. Done by: Nawaf Al_Asadi
Aerosols

6. Sana'a university
pharmaceutical III
COMPONENTS OF AEROSOLS
Propellant Container
Liquefied gases
Compressed
gases
Plastic container
Product concentrate
Glass container
Metered
Continuous
Metal container
Supervised by: Dr/Abdulalwali Al-shargebi. Done by: Nawaf Al_Asadi
Valve and actuator
Hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbone
&Halogen
Aerosols

7. Sana'a university
pharmaceutical III
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Product concentrate

The product concentrate is the active drug combined with additional ingredients
or co-solvents required to make a stable and efficacious product.

The concentrate can be asolution, suspension, or powder
Aerosols

8. Sana'a university
pharmaceutical III
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The propellent
propellant is responsible for the pressure inside the container which
expels the product concentrate in the desired physical form like
spray, mist or foam.
Type of Propellants
Compressed gases
Liquefied gases
The types of propellants based on administration route
Aerosols

9. Sana'a university
pharmaceutical III
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Liquified gas propellent
These are in gaseous or vapor state at 25 and atmospheric pressure
and are easily liquefied by cooling and compressing them.

it can also serve as the solvent or vehicle for the product
concentrate.

They are immiscible with water and have a density less than 1 and
they are inflammable.

the advantage of these propellants is that there is no drop in
pressure inside the container during the use of product.
Aerosols

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pharmaceutical III
Liquefied Gas Propellant

Aerosols
Chloro fluoro hydrocarbon Hydrocarbons
It is mainly used for oral and inhalation
preparation.
Examples :
Trichloromonofluoromethan(propellant 11)???
Dichlorodifluoromethane(propellant 12)??????
DichlorotetrafluoroEthane (propellant 114)??
Advantage of chlorofluorohydrocarbon :-
Chemical inertness.
Lack of toxicity.
Non flammability.
Lack of explosiveness.
Disadvantages:-
High cost.
It depletes the ozon layer.
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It can be used for topical use.
Example :
propane (propellant A-108)
Butane (propellant A-17)
Advantages :-
Inexpensive.
Excellent solvent.
It does not cause ozone layer depletion.
Disadvantages :-
Inflammable.
Unknown toxicity may be produced
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11. Sana'a university
pharmaceutical III
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Compressed gas propellent
occupy the head space above the liquid in the can.

When the aerosol valve is opened the gas pushes the liquid out of the can.

the pressure will drop during the life of the can.

Examples: Carbone dioxide, Nitrous oxide and Nitrogen
Aerosols

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pharmaceutical III


Aerosols

13. Sana'a university
pharmaceutical III
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CONTAINERS
The selection of container depends on:
its compatibility with the formulation

aesthetic appearance

cost of production.

The aerosol container should be able to withstand high pressure

The aerosol containers are usually made of metal, glass or plastic
Aerosols

14. Sana'a university
pharmaceutical III
CONTAINERS

Glass containers
Plastic containers Tin-plated steel containers
It resists the pressure.

Compatible with most
formulations.

Allows level of contents
to be seen

Available with internal
plastic or without plastic
coating

No corrosion problems.
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Because of their
inherent permeability
problems to the vapor
phase inside the
container.

Some drug-plastic
interactions have
limited the efficacy of
the product.
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The most widely used metal
container for aerosols:
because they are
lightweight and relatively
inexpensive.
Consist of a sheet of steel
(The tin sheet provides all
the necessary protection for
some products)
Protective coatings are
applied prior to fabrication
(for the Protection from
corrosion and interactions)
between the tin and the
formulation.
Used in topical aerosols.
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Aerosols

15. Sana'a university
pharmaceutical III
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Actuator and Valve
Design depend on the product:
Liquid -- Solids. – Semisolids
Aerosols

16. Sana'a university
pharmaceutical III
Types of Systems

Supervised by: Dr/Abdulalwali Al-shargebi. Done by: Nawaf Al_Asadi
Aerosols

17. Sana'a university
pharmaceutical III
Types of Systems

Supervised by: Dr/Abdulalwali Al-shargebi. Done by: Nawaf Al_Asadi
Aerosols

18. Sana'a university
pharmaceutical III
Types of Systems

Supervised by: Dr/Abdulalwali Al-shargebi. Done by: Nawaf Al_Asadi
Aerosols

19. Sana'a university
pharmaceutical III


Supervised by: Dr/Abdulalwali Al-shargebi. Done by: Nawaf Al_Asadi
Aerosols

20. Sana'a university
pharmaceutical III
Propellant filling method

Supervised by: Dr/Abdulalwali Al-shargebi. Done by: Nawaf Al_Asadi
Aerosols

21. Sana'a university
pharmaceutical III


Supervised by: Dr/Abdulalwali Al-shargebi. Done by: Nawaf Al_Asadi
Aerosols

22. Sana'a university
pharmaceutical III


Supervised by: Dr/Abdulalwali Al-shargebi. Done by: Nawaf Al_Asadi
Aerosols