AFO PPT for disabled people born without legs

AFO

1. Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) Swapnil Mitra, B.Tech ME 7 th sem U nder the Supervision Dr. Brijesh Gangil

2. Structure of leg The following figure denotes the structure and geometry for the leg. This picture is used for reference in determination of AFO brace orientation. The upper part bone is called femur & lower part is subdivided into tibia and fibula.

3. What is AFO? An ankle foot orthosis (AFO) is a custom built brace device that is used to control instabilities in the lower limb by maintaining proper alignment and controlling motion that is worn in foot or lower leg. It surrounds the foot and controls the foot and controls how much the ankle and foot can move. Many people with disabilities require positioning of the feet and stability at the ankles, which is achieved through the use of an ankle-foot orthosis (AFO).

4. Types of AFO Posterior Leaf Spring AFO Solid AFO Short leg AFO with fixed hinge Plantarflexion stop AFO

5. Benefits/Uses of AFO Many medical conditions lead to foot and ankle instability. An AFO is a device that is used to control instabilities in the lower limb and improve walking patterns by reducing movement in the lower leg and maintaining proper alignment. They are mainly designed to provide support to foot and leg for patients, helpful for the society.

6. Previous researches in AFO Articulated AFO’s has been designed by Yamamoto at a Japan research center , controlled by spring for hemiplegic patients to prevent drop-foot. An advanced form of articulated AFO has been designed by Esfahani at University of Buffalo, with shape memory alloys(SMA) actuators which can undergo large plastic strain under heat or other stresses and retrieve the strain on removal of heat. Dr. Singh at the NIOH clinic suggested that the ankle axis of rotation was not maintained when wearing an AFO. Therefore, one element that should be taken into account when making our AFO is the alignment of the foot and ankle. Dr. Jacks of Louisville, design the AFOs by using carbon graphite material, it is the best AFO in the market, but it is expensive.

7. Materials used in AFO AFO’s are typically made of plastic, carbon fiber and metals, with various levels of rigidity based on the individual’s needs. Many materials were explored for the use in AFO designing as per requirements and their respective properties. Materials shortlisted for trying include polypropylene, carbon fibers and plastazoate .

8. Design and work plan The proposed design aims to solve problems with current AFO design. The main feature that is decided upon was the integration of a shoe with the AFO. Materials which will be used in the making of AFO include polypropylene, natural fibers (G. optiva /B. vahlii fiber), Glass/ carbon fibre and plastazoate . It allows for better interaction b/w AFO & shoe because current designs has flaws which causes AFO to come out of the shoe. The integration of shoe will make the design more aesthetically pleasing for children and they will more likely want to wear the AFO. A timeline of 06 months is needed for research and development of AFO

9. Expected research outcomes and benefits With the consideration that there is many AFO available in the market, a project is undertaken to design an AFO which is more amiable towards patient comfort and product quality which patients need. A shoe incorporated with AFO will allow for decrease in size and detachability which will create a longer lasting product and help patient with balancing ,walking and ankle stability

10. Budget details Name of equipment Purpose Tentative cost in Rupees Black high top shoes for children x3 pairs For wearing & testing 2500/- Hatchback freestyle shoes x3 pairs For wearing & testing 4500/- Keeping pace band For keeping record of how fast or slow to walk to adjust pace 2500/- Drop foot orthosis Rigid-Large-Right To provide toe dorsiflexion 3500/- AFO Rigid-Large-Left control alighnment in lower limb 3500/- Sammons Preston Pediatric AFO To treat stable fracture & ankle sprain 3500/- Sammons Preston Ultra-light foot orthosis Provide lateral support for unstable ankles 3500/-

11. Total tentative cost = 38,000 Light sensors To detect light 500/- Orthotic shoe insoles To correct biomechanical foot issues 1000/- Push buttons To induce pressure sensing light up system 200/- Lever switches To actuate & operate switch 1500/- LED lights To produce light 500/- Watch battery To run watch 500/- Electrical wires To pass electric 300/- Polypropylene 3kgs To use in outer casing in orthotics for making AFO 2000/- Carbon fibers To use and testing in making AFO 4500/- Plastazoate sheets To use and test in making AFO 3500/-

12. Thank You