Africa Medieval - Mali e Mansa Musa.pptx

Aula sobre África durante Idade Média europeia

1. Quantos países você consegue identificar na África ?

2. Vamos assistir o vídoe (TED-Ed) sobre Mansa Musa, imperador do reino do Mali

3. O que a história de Mansa Musa nos informa sobre a África medieval?

4. Assista o video: https:// youtu.be/O3YJMaL55TM Atenção para as seguintes áreas : Política; Economia (comércio); Educação; Religião; Urbanização (cidades); Recursos naturais. Words to remember: kingship religion trade resources Atividade

5. Task - In this enquiry, you will show how the story of Mansa Musa can reveal different things about Medieval Africa. Use this worksheet. Fill the rows with as many details as you can from what you have read so far. Your table will then show what the story of Mansa Musa reveals so far.

6.   Musa was a very successful military leader With an army numbering around 100,000 men, including an armoured cavalry corps of 10,000 horses, and with the talented general Saran Mandian , Mansa Musa was able to extend and maintain Mali’s vast empire During Musa’s 25-year-rule the Mali Empire more than tripled in size and had significant influence in several modern day countries including Mauritania, Senegal, Nigeria, Burkino Faso and Chad. Musa conquered more than 20 major cities in his lifetime. This included the prestigious Songhai capital of Gao on the Niger river, one of the oldest trading centres in western Africa.

7. Buried deep in the Mali empire The capital of the Mali empire, Niani, was a vibrant city of 100,000 people at the time of Mansa Musa’s rule (1312-1337). Niani was built on the wealth of the Buré goldfield, which was one of several goldfields in the Mali empire. Many historians consider Mansa Musa to be the richest man in history. Some historians have estimated that in today’s money, Mansa Musa was worth $400 billion dollars! Every nugget of gold produced by Mali’s goldminers went straight into the king’s treasury. It was gold that connected the Mali empire with the rest of the world. Buying gold motivated merchants to risk their lives crossing the dangerous Sahara Desert.

8. Buried deep in the Mali empire Gold was central to Mali’s success, but you can’t eat gold. To grow an empire, you need to feed an army of soldiers. You need to pay them, too. The empire of Mali grew on the savannah, a vast area of grassland. Find the Savannah on the map. It is south of the Sahara Desert. This grassland was very good for grazing animals like sheep, cows and goats. It was also fertile soil for crops. The Mande people who lived here also fished in the river Niger, an important river for transporting people and goods to different parts of the Mali empire.

9. Buried deep in the Mali empire Fishing and growing crops gave the Mande people a reliable food supply. It meant that the first Malian kings could feed a larger population and form a bigger army. Making agriculture more efficient also led to the growth of cities. By the time Mansa Musa ascended to the throne in 1312, there were three cities: the capital city of Niani, Jenne and Timbuktu.

10. Mansa Musa the builder While in Mecca, Mansa Musa had met an architect called Al- Sahilī . Mansa Musa asked AlSahilī to come back to Mali with him and design and build hundreds of mosques. By building these mosques, Mansa Musa hoped to convert more of his people to Islam. Like nearly all the houses and shops in medieval Mali, the mosques were built of earth.

11. The poet and architect Al- Sahilī was given 55 kilograms of gold for designing the Djinguereber Mosque ! 

12. Mansa Musa the builder Already a seat of intellectual excellence, Mansa Musa’s renewal of Timbuktu included building madrassas (educational institutions), libraries, archives and mosques. The  University of Sankore  in Timbuktu became a centre of learning drawing Muslim scholars from all over Africa and even the Middle East. This was at a time long before universities built in Europe.. The University of Sankore in Timbuktu, Mali

13. He established Timbuktu as a centre of learning The university was made up of many groups of scholars, or ‘schools’, with about 25,000 scholars studying. The library at Timbuktu became legendary: it held nearly a million books. With access to such a great range of books, the students from Timbuktu’s schools went on to become architects, astronomers, doctors and engineers.

14. Mansa Musa build the Gao Mosque Musa’s grand palace no longer exists but the university and mosque still stand in Timbuktu. Another famous structure constructed during Musa’s reign was the Gao mosque in which burnt bricks were used for the first time in West Africa.

15. Mali Empire and Trade Mansa Musa’s journey and his lavish spending in Cairo introduced his West African kingdom to Europe, North Africa, and West Asia. When merchants heard of his wealth, they organized caravans and travelled to make their fortunes in the Mali Empire. Egyptian and Moroccan merchants, in particular, traded more frequently in the empire. But also, merchants from several European cities including Venice, Granada, and Genoa traded goods for gold. North African rulers also sent envoys to the Mali Kingdom after they heard of Mansa Musa’s incredible wealth.

16. Mansa Musa and the gold miners Mansa Musa once tried to force his goldminers to become Muslim, but they rebelled by reducing the production of gold. Mansa Musa accepted this and allowed the miners to continue to believe what they liked.

17. The Government in Mali Mansa Musa’s chiefs ( emirs ) ruled different parts of the empire on the Mansa’s behalf. Mansa Musa invited his  emirs  to tell him of any complaints, earning their trust, and he created an honours system to reward loyal service.

18. Whenever a hero adds to the list of his exploits from conquest, Mansa Musa gives them a pair of wide trousers...The greater the number of a Dogari's exploits, the bigger the size of his trousers . –Al- Dukhari , observation of the court of Mansa Musa in Timbuktu The highest honour was the National Honour of the Trousers. It was said that ‘the greater the number of a soldier’s exploits, the bigger the size of his trousers.

19. The end of Mansa Musa After reigning for 25 years, Mansa Musa died in 1337. He was succeeded by his son, Maghan I. “The king’s rich legacy persisted for generations and to this day, there are mausoleums, libraries, and mosques that stand as a testament to this golden age of Mali’s history. His wealth is estimated at $400 Billion. According to fourteenth century North African scholar,  Ibn Fadl Allah al-Omari , of all the Muslim rulers of West Africa Mansa Musa was  ‘the most powerful, the richest, the most fortunate, the most feared by his enemies and the most able to do good to those around him’ .

20. To a certain extent I agree with the statement that the greatest gift that Mansa Musa gave to Mali was education. I think Mansa Musa valued education because… On the other hand, I disagree with the statement because… The greatest gift that Mansa Musa gave to Mali was education. How far do you agree with this statement?

21. Plenary What did you learn today?