African Geography

1. Social Studies for 10th E.G.B. – Mauricio Torres AFRICA

2. AFRICAN GEOGRAPHY

3. The world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. Widely regarded within the scientific community to be the origin of humans     Surrounded by : Mediterranean Sea to the north Suez Canal and the Red Sea  to the northeast Indian Ocean to the southeast Atlantic Ocean to the west.  Quick facts

4. East African Rift Atlas Mountains Sahara Desert Great Horn Victoria Lake Red Sea Mount Kilimanjaro Congo Basin Sahel Lake Chad Nile River Niger River Zambezi River Madagascar Lake Tanganyika Sudanian Savanna GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES

5. Nile , Niger & Zambezi RIVERS

6. Niger RIVER It is the principal river of western Africa, extending about 4,180  km. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands  in southeastern Guinea. It runs in a crescent through Mali, Niger, on the border with Benin and then through  Nigeria , discharging through a massive delta , known as the Niger Delta   into the Gulf of Guinea  in the Atlantic Ocean. The Niger is the third-longest river in Africa , exceeded only by the  Nile  and the Congo River.

7. Niger RIVER It is the principal river of western Africa, extending about 4,180  km. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands  in southeastern Guinea. It runs in a crescent through Mali, Niger, on the border with Benin and then through  Nigeria , discharging through a massive delta , known as the Niger Delta   into the Gulf of Guinea  in the Atlantic Ocean. The Niger is the third-longest river in Africa , exceeded only by the  Nile  and the Congo River.

8. zambezi RIVER I s the fourth-longest river in Africa, and the largest flowing into the Indian Ocean from Africa . The Zambezi's most well-known feature is the  Victoria Falls.

9. Nile RIVER I s a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa, generally regarded as the  longest river  in the world. It is 6,650 km long . It runs through the ten countries of  : Sudan ,  South Sudan , Burundi , Rwanda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda and Egypt. The northern section of the river flows almost entirely through desert, from Sudan into Egypt, a country whose civilization has depended on the river since ancient times. The Nile ends in a large delta that empties into the Mediterranean Sea .

10. Nile RIVER

11. Madagascar

12. Madagascar At 592,800 square kilometres , Madagascar is the world's fourth largest island . It is separated from Africa by the M ozambique channel. Even though it is closest to Africa, its land mass was originally part of India and Antartica . The most densely populated part of the island and are characterized by terraced, rice-growing valleys lying between grassy, deforested hills.

13. Sudanian savanna

14. Sudanian savanna The  Sudanian Savanna  is a broad belt of tropical savanna that runs east and west across the  African continent, from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Ethiopian Highlands in the east. The  Sahel, a belt of drier grasslands and acacia savannas , lies to the north, between the Sudanian Savanna and the Sahara Desert. To the south the forest-savanna mosaic is a transition zone.

15. Congo basin

16. Congo basin

17. Congo basin The  Congo Basin  is the sedimentary basin that is the drainage of the Congo River of west equatorial Africa. The basin begins in the highlands of the East African Rift system with input from the Chambeshi River, the Uele and Ubangi Rivers in the upper reaches and the Lualaba River draining wetlands in the middle.

18. The red sea

19. The red sea Is a  seawater inlet  of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa  and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the  Gulf of Aden . In the north, there is the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Gulf of Suez . The Red Sea has a surface area of roughly 438,000 km² It is the world's northernmost  tropical sea .

20. Mount kilimanjaro

21. Mount kilimanjaro Kilimanjaro , with its three volcanic cones , Kibo ,  Mawenzi , and  Shira , is a dormant volcano in  Kilimanjaro National Park , Tanzania and the highest mountain in Africa at 5,895 metres above sea level . Kilimanjaro is a giant stratovolcano that began forming a million years ago, when lava spilled from the  Rift Valley  zone.

22. Victoria, chad & tanganyika lakes

23. Victoria, chad & tanganyika lakes Chad: is a historically large, shallow   lake  in Africa, the size of which has varied over the centuries. Tanganyika: is an African Great Lake. It is estimated to be the second largest freshwater lake  in the world by volume, and the second deepest . Lake Victoria: is one of the African Great Lakes. The lake was named after Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom . Lake Victoria receives most of its water from direct precipitation or from thousands of small  streams .

24. Great Horn

25. Great Horn

26. Great Horn Is a peninsula in  East Africa that juts hundreds of kilometers into the Arabian Sea and lies along the southern side of the Gulf of Aden. It is the easternmost projection of the African continent. The Horn of Africa denotes the region containing the countries of Eritrea, Djibouti, Ethiopia  and  Somalia . It covers approximately 2,000,000 km² and is inhabited by roughly 100 million people.

27. The sahel

28. The sahel The  Sahel  is the ecoclimatic and biogeographic zone of transition between the  Sahara  desert in the North and the  Sudanian Savannas  in the south. It stretches across the north of the African continent between the Atlantic Ocean and the  Red Sea . The Arabic word sāḥil literally means " shore, coast”, describing the appearance of the vegetation of the Sahel as a coastline delimiting the sand of the Sahara.

29. Sahara Desert

30. Sahara Desert It is the world's largest hot desert and second largest desert, after Antarctica. At over 9,400,000 square kms , it covers most of Northern Africa , making it almost as large as China or the United States . The Sahara stretches from the Red Sea, including parts of the Mediterranean coasts, to the outskirts of the Atlantic Ocean . The desert landforms of the Sahara are shaped by wind or by occasional rains. The climate of the Sahara has undergone enormous variation between wet and dry over the last few hundred thousand years .  During the last glacial period, the Sahara was even bigger than it is today , extending south beyond its current boundaries

31. Atlas Mountains

32. Atlas Mountains I s a mountain range across a northern stretch of Africa extending about 2,500  km through Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia . The Atlas are rich in natural resources . There are deposits of iron ore, lead ore, copper, silver, mercury, rock salt, phosphate, marble,  coal , and gas among other resources .

33. East African Rift

34. East African Rift

35. East African Rift The  East African Rift  is an active continental rift zone in eastern Africa that appears to be a developing divergent tectonic plate boundary. In the past it was considered to be part of a larger  Great Rift Valley  that extended north to Turkey. The rift is a narrow zone in which the African Plate is in the process of splitting into two new tectonic plates called the Somali Plate and the Nubian Plate .