Agricultural Economics - importance - NIAP

NIAP

1. Agricultural Economics, Characteristics of Agriculture, Importance and its Role in Economic Development. Agricultural Planning and Development in the Country. Agricultural Policies; National Institute of Agricultural Economics and Policy Research (ICAR-NIAP).

2. Agricultural Economics A.W. Ashby (UK)and Prof J. D. Black and Stewart (U.S.A.) visited India. Department of Agricultural Economics was created (ICAR) during the early sixties. Gray : Agricultural Economics is the science in which the principles and methods of economics are applied to the special conditions of agricultural industry. branch of economics which deals with the problems arising out of man’s use of natural resources relating to agriculture

3. Scope of Agricultural Economics 1) Subject matter of Agricultural Economics and 2) Importance of Agricultural Economics

4. Farm Management: It is concerned with the efficiency in farm production, returns that will result from the application of various inputs at different levels in farming and determination of best combination of products and the best farm production alternatives under physical and economic conditions. In other words it is the input- output analysis. Land economics : It deals with the study of unit of cultivation, land tenure, land use pattern and land reform measures and their impact on the agricultural production. Agricultural labour : This deals with the problems of agricuItural labour, demand for and supply of agricultural labour, pattern of employment, income and Government's protec­tive measures. Agricultural finance : Under this heading the extent of rural indebtedness, demand for credit and various sources of rural financing agencies and their merits, demerits to the society will be analyzed.

5. Conti.. Agricultural Marketing: Major area in he study of agricultural Economics and deals various problems of marketing agricultural commodities. Agricultural Cooperation: History of co-operation and role played by co-operatives in financing agriculture and marketing of agricultural commodities and problems of co-operative movement forms the major part of this field. Agricultural Development : Basic principles of Planning for the use and development of resources pertaining to agriculture and overall growth of agriculture to support economic development of the country will be studied

6. Importance of Agricultural Economics Agriculture is the mother of all industry and maintainer of human life. More than 60 per cent of the people are dependent on land. Average yield of crops in India is very low compared to other countries. Modern science and technology must be applied to agriculture Pressure of population on land increases with increase in landless labourer Problems of agricultural marketing: Due to the neglect of marketing side in the agricultural development programs the Green Revolution has neither improved the standard of living of agricultural workers nor decreased the price level of agricultural commodities to benefit the urban consumers. Rural indebtedness.

7. Characteristics of Agricultural Goods 1. Agricultural goods are quickly perishable. 2. These are bulky in nature. 3. It is difficult to control both quality and quantity of output. 4. Product differentiation is not possible. 5. Nature plays a crucial role in production. 6. Agricultural goods have inelastic demand.

8. Problems faced in the production of Agricultural goods 1. Seasonal production 2. Difficult to control production 3. Difficult to control quality and quantity of output 4. Long waiting period 5. Loss of crops due to pests and animals 7. Small-scale production 8. Use of primitive techniques of production 9. Ignorance of the producers 10. Lack of collective bargaining

9. (ICAR) Established on 16 July 1929  ICAR has its headquarters at New Delhi.  Apex body for co-ordinating, guiding and managing research and education in agriculture including horticulture, fisheries and animal sciences in the entire country. With  101 ICAR institutes  and 71 agricultural universities spread across the country this is one of the largest national agricultural systems in the world. Green Revolution (food grains by 5.4 times, horticultural crops by 10.1 times, fish by 15.2 times, milk 9.7 times and eggs 48.1 times since 1951 to 2017).

10. ICAR-NIAP ICAR-National Institute (formerly Centre) of Agricultural Economics and Policy Research (NIAP) was established by the (ICAR) in March 1991. Application of principles of economics in planning and evaluation of agricultural R&D and policy research To promote science-led agricultural and rural development have been the main goals of ICAR-NIAP. Leadership role in strengthening agricultural policy research, undertaking empirically sound policy research, and providing knowledge-based input for policy decisions.

11. Thrust Areas Vision : leveraging innovations and policy for agricultural development Key areas: a) Technology generation, diffusion and impact; b) Sustainable agricultural production systems; c) Interaction between technology and other policy instruments like incentives, investments, institutions and trade, d) Agricultural growth and development with focus on the role of technology.

12. Vision Leveraging Innovations for Attaining Efficient, Inclusive and Eco-friendly Agricultural Growth through Agricultural Economics and Policy Research Mission To strengthen agricultural economics research for providing economically viable, socially-acceptable and environmentally-feasible policy options for science-led agricultural growth