Agriculture and Agronomy

Basic about the agriculture and its branches, agronomy definition and then discussed with agriculture importance in India

1. Soil:
Pedologicaland Edaphologicalconcepts
AGE18201 Introduction to Major Field Crops (1+1)
Dr. S. Marimuthu., Ph.D.
Asst. Professor (AGR)
DearStudents

2. Unit I Principles of crop production
AGE18201 Introduction to Major Field Crops (1+1)
Dr. S. Marimuthu., Ph.D.
Asst. Professor (AGR)
Agriculture –Agronomy -definition -Agriculture as
an art, science and business of crop production

3. Introduction
•Agriculture-Latinword
•AgerorAgri-Soil/Field
•Cultura-Cultivation
•Agricultureisabranchofappliedscience
•“Thescienceandartoffarmingincluding
theworkofcultivatingthesoil,producing
cropsandraisinglivestock”
•“Itisanart,scienceandbusinessof
producingcropsandlivestockfor
economicpurposes”

4. Agriculture
•ActivitiesontheGroundforRaisingIntendedCropsfor
UpliftingLivelihoodThroughtheUseofRechargeable
Energies
•Threemainspheresofagriculture
•Geoponicsystem
• Hydroponicsystem
•Aeroponicsystem

5. Agriculture
•Itisproductiveunit-giftsofnatures(land,
light,waterandtemperature)-makea
singleprimaryunit(i.ecropplant)-
indispensableforhumanbeings
•Secondaryproductiveunitsofagriculture-
Animals(livestock,birdsandinsects)which
feedontheprimaryunitsandprovide
concentratedproducts(meat,milk,hide,
wool,eggs,honey,silkandlac)

6. Branches of Agriculture
Sevenbranchesviz.,
•Agronomy
•Horticulture
•Forestry
•AnimalScience
•FisheryScience
•AgriculturalEngineeringand
•HomeScience

7. Agronomy-Definition
•Agronomy-Greekword
•‘Agros’ -Field
•‘Nomos’ -Tomanage
•Literally-Theartofmanagingfield
•Technically-Scienceandeconomicsofcrop
productionbymanagementoffarmland
•“ArtandScience”-productionandimprovementoffield
crops-useofsoilfertility,water,labourandotherfactors
•Branchofagriculturalsciencedealswith“principlesand
practicesoffieldmanagementforproductionoffieldcrops”

8. Agronomy
Agronomymeans
•Activitiesonthe
•Groundto
•Raise
•Outspreadand
•Noblecropsto
•Obtain
•MassiveYields
•Itdealswiththeproductionofvariouscropswhichincludes
foodcrops,foddercrops,fibrecrops,sugar,oilseeds,etc.
Pietrode’Crescenzi–Italian(1235-1320)

9. Agricultural Disciplines
Crop
Improvement
Crop
Management
Crop
Protection
Social
Sciences
Allied
disciplines

12. Crop Management
Agronomy
Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry
SeedtechnologyAgricultural Microbiology
Crop-Physiology
Agricultural Engg.
Agricultural Meteorology

17. Agriculture -Importance
•Indiaisknownas“LandofVillages”(67%population)–
Agriculture-Dominantsectorofoureconomy
•NationalEconomy:1990-91for31.6%(17.2%for2018-19)in
Agriculturebutmanufacturingonly17.6%(currently30%)
•TotalEmployment:65%populationAgriandalliedsectors
•Nearly70%oftheruralpopulationearnsitslivelihoodfrom
agricultureandotheroccupationalliedtoagriculture.

18. Importance
•IndustrialInputs:Allindustriesdependtherawmaterial
producedbyagriculture(cottontextile,jute,paper,sugar,
handloomandpowerloon,ginningandpressing,oilcrushing,
ricehusking,sericulturefruitprocessing,etcarealsomainly
agrobasedindustries)
•FoodSupply:277milliontonstofeedthegrowingpopulation
ofIndia.

19. Importance
•StateRevenue:Agriculturetaxationincludesdirecttaxand
indirecttax.
•Trade:Attractingforeignexchangetoeconomicdevelopment
(Agribasedindustriescontributedto50%ofourexport)
•Indianagricultureplaysandimportantroleinroads,rails&
waterwaysoutsidethecountries.

20. Agriculture as an Art, Science and Business
•Art-skillandexperience
•Inheritedbyseeingparentsoreldersthroughexperience
•Eg.Artofwalkingofachild
•Agriculture-Skillispurelyderivedbyphysicalwork
Agricultureasanart:
Skill
•Opening
a straight
furrow
•Levelling
the field
Decision
making
•Selection
of crops for
a season

21. Agriculture as a Science
•Science-systematicstudyofhappeningsofanything
•Technology-getmaximumoutput,sciencehelpstoselectacrop
suitabletoseasonsattheappropriatetime
•Scienceofagriculturaltriestogivereasons
•Farmerswillbecomescientistsifmoresophisticatedmethodsare
given-Experiencemakesthemscientists
•Scienceofagriculturerequiresprimarilymentalskilland
secondarilyphysicalskill
Yield
Decrease Increase
Pest and
Diseases
Nutrients

22. Agriculture as Business
•Ispurelybusinessorientednowadays
•Inagriculturebusiness,quantityisignoredandprofitismore
•Eg.InPunjab,riceisproducedduringKharifseasonforprofitand
commercialreason
•Businessofagricultureispurelyeconomic
•Marketingofcropproduces

23. Agriculture Vs Industry
1Resources are self generatedDepends on raw materials
2Direct producer Indirect producer
3Primary sector Secondary sector
4Production is not under
control
Under control
5All the process is carried out
by single person or family
There are separate units and
subunits
6Owner himself is the labourOwner as a labouris less in
industry
7Inversely supported national
income
Directly supported to national
income

24. Land utilization statistics -India
•Totalgeographicalarea : 328.848m.ha.
•Totalreportingarea : 304.300m.ha.
•Areaundercultivation : 143.000m.ha.
•Totalcroppedarea : 179.750m.ha.
•Areasownmorethanonce : 36.750m.ha.
•Areanotavailableforcultivation: 161.300m.ha
•Areaunderforest : 66.400m.ha.

25. Land utilization statistics -Tamil Nadu
•Totalgeographicalarea :13.00m.ha.
•Totalreportingarea :13.00m.ha.
•Netareasown :5.74m.ha.
•Totalcroppedarea :6.91m.ha.
•Areasownmorethanonce :1.17m.ha.
•Areanotavailableforcultivation :2.35m.ha.
•Areaunderforest :2.02m.ha.
•Fallowland :2.18m.ha.
•Otheruncultivatedland :0.71m.ha.

26. Thanks a lot