Agro ecosystem PPT (M.sc Zoology third semester)

PowerPoint presentation on Agro Ecosystem or Agricultural ecosystem by Syed Mohd. Mueez Alam Hanafi (M.sc zoology )

1. PG SEMINAER PG Seminar NAME – Syed Mohd. Mueez Alam Hanafi CLASS – M.Sc. final zoology ROLL NO.- 1 TOPIC – Agri- Ecosystem

2. -: Index :- What is Ecosystem. What is Agri- Ecosystem. Concept of Agroecosystem. How Natural and Agricultural ecosystem differ Sustainable Agriculture. Agroecology and Design of Sustainable Agroecosystem. What is Productivity. Reference.

3. ECOSYSTEM

4. -:What is Ecosystem:- Ecosystem is any geographic area that includes all of the organisms and nonliving parts of their physical environment. Weather and landscape work together to form a bubble of life. Ecosystem can be very small as a pond ; a medium sized area such as a forest ; or a large area such as the Earth itself.

5. Abiotic Component

6. The Ecosystem are classified into many types and are based on a number of factors. So, Basically there are two types of ecosystems due to activity or interference of human in ecosystem . Natural Ecosystem Artificial or man-made Ecosystem Natural ecosystem : As the name implies in this type ecosystem there is no human interference and basically classified into two major types, they are aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem An Artificial ecosystem are natural regions affected by human’s interferences. The typical example of artificial ecosystem is a cultivated field or Agroecosystem

7. Agroecosystem

8. What is Agroecosystem:- An Agroecosystem can be viewed as a subset of a conventional ecosystem. An Agroecosystem is the basic unit of study in Agroecology . And it is somewhat arbitrarily defined as a spatially and functionally coherent unit of agriculture activity. And includes the living non living components involved in that unit as well as their interactions. Agro ecosystem in croton-on-hudson New York (intercropped tomatoes basil, peppers and eggplant)

9. Concept of Agroecosystem Agriculture + Ecosystem = Agroecosystem

10. Concept of Agroecosystem Agroecosystem can be manipulated to improve production and to produce more sustainably with fewer negative environmental or social impacts and external inputs .

11. Made up of largely domesticated animals and plants used to produce food for humans. Considerable energy losses occur at each trophic level of a food chain. Humans are usually at the 3 rd , or 4 th , trophic level of a food chain. It tries to ensure that as much as possible of the Sun’s energy is transferred to human. Agriculture channels the energy flowing through a food web into the human food chains. This increases the productivity of the human food chain.

12. Difference between Natural and Agroecosystem :- The Two Basic Diffrences are: Energy Input. Productivity.

13. Semi-domesticated ecosystems that fall on a gradient between ecosystems that have experienced minimal human impact , and those under maximum human control . Examples – Integrated pest management aims to control problematic pests through introduction of other species, not application of pesticides or herbicides to kill that pest . Different method of intercropping. Elimination of unsustainable practices such as increasingly intensified pesticide use.

14. Sustainable Agriculture :- The efficient production of safe, high quality agricultural products, in a way that protects and improves: The natural environment. The social and economic conditions of farmers. Their employees and local communities. Safe for the health of all farmed species.

15. Biodiversification And Agroecology Objective of Agroecology is to provide balanced environments, sustained yields, biologically mediated soil fertility and natural pest regulation through the design of diversified Agroecosystem and the use of low-input technologies. By designing farming system that mimic nature , optimal use can be made of sunlight, soil nutrients and rainfall. The optimal behavior of Agroecosystem depends on the level of interactions between the various biotic and abiotic components and keeping synergies among them is the key word.

16. Sustainable Agroecosystem :- Maintain their natural resources. Rely on minimum artificial inputs from outside the farm system. Manage pests and diseases through internal regulating mechanism. Recover from the disturbances caused by cultivation and harvest

17. Agroecology and the Design of Sustainable Agroecosystem Combining the different components of the farm system, i.e. Plants, animals, soil, water, climate and people , so that they balance each other and have the greatest possible synergetic effects. Reducing the use of off-farm, external and non- renewable inputs. Relying mainly on resources within the Agroecosystem by replacing external inputs. Improving the match between cropping patterns and the productive potential and environmental constraints of climate and landscape.

18. Agroecology Provides the knowledge and methodology necessary for developing an Agriculture that on the one hand environmentally sound and economically viable. Agroecological design is to integrate components so that overall biological efficiency is improved , biodiversity is preserved, and the the agroecosystems productivity and its self-regulating capacity is maintained.

19. What is Productivity? Productivity is a rate at which something is produced. Producers (Green plants) ‘Produce’ Chemical energy by converting light energy into food e.g. glucose during photosynthesis. The rate at which plants assimilate this chemical energy is called Gross Productivity . It is measured for a given area over a given period of time, usually in units of kl-2

20. Reference P.D. SHARMA – ENVIRONMENT R. RAJAGOPALAN – ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY S.K. OJHA – ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT Dr. LATIKA JHA – ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Dr. DHIRENDRA DEVARSHI – ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY STEPHEN SMITH- ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS: A VERY SHORT INTRODUCTION.