Agrochemicals

Intro. to agrochemials

1. AGROCHEMICALS  Md.Sabbir Hossain(ASH1718020M) Department of Oceanography Noakhali science and technology university

2. AGROCHEMICALS ; A chemicals which is used in agriculture production such chemicals are called as “Agrochemicals ” Agrochemicals were introduced to protect crops from pests and enhance crop yields INTRODUCTION

3. An optimum nutrient level is essential for productive agriculture. Nutrients can be supplied either by natural sources or in the form of synthetic chemical fertilizers. However, the use of both natural and chemical fertilizers may result in an excess of nutrients, which can cause problems in water bodies and to health. This excess use of various fertilizers may pollute food crops and groundwater; this process is commonly called agrochemical pollution What is Agrochemical pollution?

4. Types of agrochemical

5. Pesticides:  Pesticide is a chemical or a substance used to destroy or control some types of plants or organisms also known as pests, which are harmful to cultivated plants or to animals.  Insecticides:  It is used to destroy insects. Insecticides can be ovicides that kill eggs, larvicides to kill larvae. Pesticides examples: Organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroids . Herbicides:  It is used to control or kill weeds and herbs. Herbicides examples: Gramoxone and glyphosate . Algaecides :  used for controlling algae. Also known as algicides . Agrochemical( Crop protector)

6. Fertiliser :   This are chemical compounds used for promoting plant growth.   Fertiliser can be categorized into two categories : O rganic A nd I norganic fertilisers . O rganic fertilisers are naturally existing substances prepared through natural processes. Inorganic fertilisers , also referred to as synthetic fertilizers are manufactured artificially using chemical processes by utilizing natural deposits, which are altered chemically. Agrochemical( soil suppliment )

7. HORMONES/GROWTH AGENTS : Are of Endogenous origin and are synthesised by plants. These are Growth regulators performing function in overall development of the plant Liming and acidifying agents :  Soils sometimes can be too acidic or too alkaline for proper growth of crops. In these cases, liming and acidifying products are added to soil to adjust its pH. When the soil is too acidic, calcite on the form of powdered  limestone  is added primarily, whereas for more alkaline soil sulfur compounds are added to neutralize. Agrochemical( soil suppliment )

8. 1. Effects on soil: May kill beneficial bacteria Increase nitrate level in soils Alter the pH of the soil Residual effect Kill soil organisms Toxicity and reduction in soil quality Agrochemicals and their effects:

9. 2. Effects on water : Water becomes unfit for consumption Can promote the growth of  algae Leads to eutrophication due to excessive chemicals Affect aquatic animals due to water pollution Agrochemicals and their effects:

10. 3. Effects on air : Residues and particles of these chemicals can lead to air pollution. Pesticides  drift happens when air carries agrochemicals particles from one place to other. More amount of spray evaporation may happen due to low relative humidity and higher temperatures. Effect surrounding organisms’ health due to inhalation of polluted air. Agrochemicals and their effects:

11. 4. Effects on human health: It causes variety of health effects, from simple skin and eyes irritation. It also effects the nervous system, causes cancer and also reproductive problems. Can cause nerve damage, infertility, hormones disorders and neurotoxicity. Agrochemicals and their effects:

12. AIR POLLUTION: The pesticides/ herbicides/ insecticides which are suspended in the air contribute to air pollution, when they are carried away to other areas due to wind. The phenomenon is also known as pesticide drift. IMPACT OF AGROCHEMICAL ON THE ENVIRONMENT

13. WATER POLLUTION: It refers to pollution of water bodies such as ponds, lakes or rivers due to unintended mix up of synthetic herbicides/ fungicides/ pesticides   SOIL POLLUTION: It generally occurs when many of the pesticides/ insecticides/ herbicides is used for a prolonged period of time which adversely affects the soil quality and therefore polluting it. IMPACT OF AGROCHEMICAL ON THE ENVIRONMENT