ahmad presentation POST RN muscoskeleton.pptx

Nursing notes

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2. Musculoskeletal Name: Ahmad Islam POST: RN Semester: 1st 2

3. Objective Define musculoskeletal D efine skeleton D efine muscle Types of muscle Bone J oints 3

4. Musculoskeletal The musculoskeletal system is made up of two main components: the muscles and the skeleton. The muscles are responsible for movement, while the skeleton provides support and protection for the body. 4

5. Skeleton The skeleton is composed of bones, which are connected by joints. It serves as the framework for the body and helps maintain its shape. The bones also protect vital organs, such as the brain, heart, and lungs. 5

6. Muscle The muscles work in conjunction with the skeleton to allow movement. They are attached to the bones by tendons, which are strong, fibrous tissues. When the muscles contract, they pull on the bones, causing movement at the joints.   Together, the musculoskeletal system enables us to perform various activities, such as walking, running , and even smiling! It's pretty amazing how our bodies work, right 6

7. There are three main types of muscles in our bodies: skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles . 1 . Skeletal muscles : These are the muscles that we can control voluntarily . They are attached to our bones by tendons and allow us to move our body parts, like when we walk or lift something . Skeletal muscles also help us maintain our posture and perform various physical activities. 7

8. 2. Smooth muscles : These muscles are found in the walls of our internal organs, such as the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels. They are not under our conscious control and work involuntarily to carry out functions like digestion, blood circulation, and breathing. Smooth muscles have a smooth appearance under a microscope, hence the name. 8

9. 3. Cardiac muscles : These muscles are unique to the heart. They are responsible for the continuous pumping of blood throughout our bodies. Cardiac muscles are striated like skeletal muscles but have their own specialized properties that allow them to contract rhythmically and efficiently.   Each type of muscle has its own specific structure and function, all working together to keep our bodies moving and functioning properly! 9

10. Smooth muscles can be found in various parts of our body. Here are some examples: 1. Digestive System : Smooth muscles line the walls of the esophagus, stomach, intestines, and other digestive organs. They help in the movement of food through the digestive tract, known as peristalsis.   2. Blood Vessels : Smooth muscles are present in the walls of blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries. They regulate blood flow and help in maintaining blood pressure. 10

11. 3. Respiratory System: Smooth muscles are found in the airways of the lungs, such as the bronchi and bronchioles. They control the diameter of these air passages, allowing for the regulation of airflow during breathing.   4 . Urinary System : Smooth muscles are present in the walls of the bladder, ureters, and urethra. They help in the contraction and relaxation of these structures, allowing for the storage and elimination of urine.   These are just a few examples of where smooth muscles are found in our body. They play a crucial role in the functioning of our internal organs! 11

12. Total bones 206Bones are divided into two categories 1 axial skeleton 2 appendicular skeleton axial skeleton contents 80 bones 12

13. 2. Appendicular skeleton contents 126 bones 1 axial skeleton bones 1 . Vertebral column * Cervical vertebrae 7 * thoric vertebrae 12 * lumber vertebrae 5 * serum vertebrae 5 * coccygeal vertebrae 4 13

14. Head contains 29 bone 1 . cranial bones 8 Occipital bone Parietal bone 2 Frontal Temporal bone 2 Sphenoid bone ethmoid bone 14

15. facial bone 15 * Nasal bone 2 * Maxillary bone 2 * Lacrimal bone 2 * Zygomatic bone 2 * Palatine bone 2 * Inferior nasal conche 2 * Vomer bone 1 * Hyoid bone 1 * Mandible bone 1 15

16. Ear bone Malleus bAone 2 Incus bone 2 Stapes bone 2 16

17. Hip bone 2 ( pelvic Gradle ) Appendicular skeleton divided into two parts 1 upper limbs 2 lower limb 17

18. upper limbs Humerus (2) Pectoral girdle (shoulder) Scapula (2) Clavicle (2) Ulna (2) (Lined up with pinky) Radius (2) (Lined up with thumb) Hand 18

19. (54 bones in total; 27 in each hand) Carpals Scaphoid bone (2) Lunate bone (2) Triquetral bone (2) Pisiform bone (2) Trapezium (2) Trapezoid bone (2) Capitate bone (2) Hamate bone (2) 19

20. ° Metacarpals (10 bones in total; 5 on each side) ° Phalanges of the hand (28 bones in total, 14 on each hand) * Proximal phalanges (10 bones in total; 5 on each side) * Intermediate phalanges (8 bones in total; 4 on each side) * Distal phalanges (10 bones in total; 5 on each side) 20

21. 2. Lower limb Femur (2) * Patella or kneecap (2) * Tibia (2) * Fibula (2) ° Foot (52 bones in total, 26 per foot) * Tarsus/Tarsals * Calcaneus or heel bone (2) * Talus (2) * Navicular bone (2) 21

22. * Medial cuneiform bone (2) * Intermediate cuneiform bone (2) * Lateral cuneiform bone (2) * Cuboid bone (2) * Metatarsals (10) ° Phalanges of the foot (28 bones in total, 14 per foot) * Proximal phalanges (10) * Intermediate phalanges (8) * Distal phalanges (10) 22

23. Joints different types of joints in our bodies that allow for various types of movement. Here are a few of the main types: 1 . Hinge Joints: These joints allow movement in one direction, like a hinge on a door. Examples include the elbow and knee joints.   2 . Ball and Socket Joints: These joints provide a wide range of motion in multiple directions. The rounded end of one bone fits into the cup-like socket of another bone. The hip and shoulder joints are examples of ball and socket joints. 23

24. 3. Pivot Joints: These joints allow rotation around a central axis. A good example is the joint between the first and second vertebrae in the neck, which allows us to turn our heads.   4 . Gliding Joints: These joints allow bones to slide past each other in various directions. They are found in the wrists and ankles, allowing for flexibility and smooth movement. 24

25. 5.Saddle Joints: These joints allow movement in multiple directions, similar to a rider in a saddle. The joint between the thumb and wrist is an example of a saddle joint. 25

26. ANY QUESTION? 26

27. THANKS 27