ahmed..................................ppt

ECG

2. Outline

6. •Right atrium
•Right ventricle
•Left atrium
•Left ventricle

8. Functions of heart

11. apumpwithanoutputproportionaltoitsfilling
volumeandinverselyproportionaltotheresistance
againstwhichitpumps.
Asventricularend-diastolicvolumeincreases,a
healthyheartincreasescardiacoutputuntila
maximumisreachedandcardiacoutputcanno
longerbeaugmented(TheFrank-Starlingprinciple)

15. In most instances patients will remain asymptomatic or
minimally symptomatic following the initial decline in
pumping capacity of the heart.
compensatory mechanisms become activated and appear to
modulate LV function within a physiological/homeostatic
range, such that the functional capacity of the patient is
preserved or is depressed only minimally.

16. The compensatory mechanisms that have been described
1.Activation of the adrenergic nervous systemic
2.Activation of the RAAS
3.Activation of inflammatory mediators: that are
responsible for cardiac repair and remodeling
Both are responsible for maintaining CO through increased
retention of salt and water, peripheral arterial
vasoconstriction and increased contractility

40. Treatment principles