Aiman Rafique.pptx.cim (2).pptx bsn batch iv

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1. Hiatal hernia Submitted to: Sir Faheem Naseem Submitted By :Aiman Rafique

2. Learning objectives At the end of this slide students will be able to: Define hiatal hernias? Types of hiatal Hernia? Causes of hiatal hernias? Clinical manifestations? Diagnostic findings of hiatal hernias? How can we manage it ? Interventions of hiatal hernias?

3. Define hiatal hernia A hiatus hernia, or hiatal hernia, is when part of the stomach squeezes up into the chest through an opening ( hitus) in diaphragm. It occur more often in women than men.

4. Types of hiatal hernia Sliding hiatal Hernia It occur when the upper stomach and the gastroesophagel junction are displaced upward and and slide in and out of the thorax . About 95 %of patient with esophageal hiatal hernia have sliding hernia. Para esophageal hiatal hernia. It occur when all or part of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm besides the esophagus.

5. Causes of hiatal hernia 1.Weakening of the diaphragm: Aging, injury, or certain medical conditions.
2. Increased abdominal pressure 3.Obesity, pregnancy, coughing, or straining.
4.Age: More common in people over 50.
5. Obesity: Excess weight increases pressure on the stomach. 6.Smoking: Weakens diaphragm muscles.
7. Genetics: Family history.

6. Clinical manifestations Heartburn Regurgitation Difficulty swallowing Hemorrhage Chest pain Bloating Nausea Vomiting Abdominal pain Obstruction

7. Diagnostic findings Physical examination Barium swallow Esophagogestrodudenoscopy C T SCAN MRI Labe value PH monitoring Esophageal manometry

8. Nursing management Management for hiatal hernia include frequent small feedings that can pass easily through the esophagus. The patient is advice not to recline for one hour after eating to prevent reflux or movement of the hernia. To elevate the head of the bed on 4 -8 inches block to prevent the hernia from sliding upward Up to 50% of patient may experience early post operative dysphagia therefor the nurse advances the diet slowly from liquid to solid. Mangeging nausea and vomiting Tracking nutritional intake Monitoring weight gaging and chest pain

9. Intervention Pain management Admister pain medication Use non pharmalogical interaction Breathing and oxygenation Monitor oxygen saturation Encourage deep breathing exercises Dgestion and elimination Monitor bowel movements Admister laxative or stool softener Encourage high fiber diet Educate patient

10. Reference Brunner’s and suddarth medical surgical volume –I https://images.app.goo.gl/AaiF1iABehZYYQyCA