Algae_And_Fungi Microbiology presentation.pptx

Algae and fungi are both groups of organisms that play important roles in their ecosystems, but they differ significantly in their biology, structure, and ecological roles.

Algae
Characteristics:

Kingdom: Protista (for most algae)
Photosynthetic: Algae contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis, producing oxygen and organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.
Habitat: They can be found in a wide range of environments, including freshwater, marine, and even on land in moist conditions.
Cell Structure: Algae can be unicellular (e.g., Chlorella) or multicellular (e.g., seaweeds like kelp). Their cells have a cell wall made of cellulose.
Reproduction: They reproduce through both asexual and sexual means, depending on the species.
Importance: Algae are crucial for aquatic ecosystems as primary producers. They form the base of the food web and contribute to oxygen production.
Examples:

Green Algae (Chlorophyta): Found in freshwater and marine environments.
Brown Algae (Phaeophyta): Includes large seaweeds like kelp.
Red Algae (Rhodophyta): Often found in deeper marine waters.
Fungi
Characteristics:

Kingdom: Fungi
Non-photosynthetic: Fungi do not perform photosynthesis. They obtain nutrients by decomposing organic matter or through symbiotic relationships.
Habitat: Fungi can be found in a variety of environments, including soil, water, and as parasites on plants and animals.
Cell Structure: Fungi are made up of cells with a chitin cell wall. They can be unicellular (e.g., yeasts) or multicellular (e.g., molds and mushrooms).
Reproduction: Fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually, often through spores.
Importance: Fungi play a crucial role in decomposition and nutrient cycling. Some fungi form symbiotic relationships with plants (mycorrhizae), enhancing nutrient uptake. They are also important in biotechnology and medicine (e.g., antibiotics like penicillin).
Examples:

Yeasts: Unicellular fungi used in baking and brewing.
Molds: Multicellular fungi involved in decomposition.
Mushrooms: Fruiting bodies of certain fungi, some of which are edible.
Differences Between Algae and Fungi
Nutrition:
Algae are autotrophic, producing their own food through photosynthesis.
Fungi are heterotrophic, absorbing nutrients from external organic sources.
Cell Wall Composition:
Algae have cell walls made of cellulose.
Fungi have cell walls made of chitin.
Ecological Role:
Algae are primary producers in aquatic ecosystems.
Fungi are decomposers and recyclers of nutrients in many ecosystems.
Reproduction:
Both can reproduce sexually and asexually, but their methods and structures (e.g., spores in fungi) differ.
Understanding these differences highlights the distinct ecological niches and biological processes of algae and fungi.

1. Lets get started….. Mycrobiology Algae and Fungi

2. Md T ofayel Hossain Depertment Of Pharmacy, NUB

3. Algae Defination … Alga is a term that describes a large and incredibly diverse group of eukaryotic, photosynthetic lifeforms . These organisms do not share a common ancestor and hence, are not related to each other (polyphyletic ).

4. Characteristics of algae Algae are photosynthetic organisms. Algae can be either unicellular or multicellular organisms. Algae lack a well-defined body, so, structures like roots, stems or leaves are absent. Algae are found where there is adequate moisture . Reproduction in algae occurs in both asexual and sexual forms. Asexual reproduction occurs by spore formation . Algae are free-living, although some can form a symbiotic relationship with other organisms.

5. Structure of Algae Algae are unicellular or multicellular. Unicellular algae are in a variety of shapes such as rods, spherical, spindle, etc. Multicellular algae are ribbon-like filaments with or without branches.

6. Algae cell structure

7. Types of Algae Algae are divided into primary groupings based on their photosynthetic colors, which include green algae, red algae, brown algae, and golden algae. Others do not regard blue-green algae ( Cyanophyta ) to be algae, but rather group them alongside bacteria in the Kingdom  Monera .

8. Reproduction of Algae Reproduction is the biological process by which new individual organism offspring are produced from their parents Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life,each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction

9. Type of Reproduction There are three types of reproduction Vegetative reproduction Asexual reproduction Sextual reproduction

10. Diseases Caused By Algae Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP ) Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning (NSP ) Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning ( PSP) Domoic Acid Poisoning and Amnesiac Shellfish Poisoning (ASP ) Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP)

11. Commercial uses of Algae Abrasives. Diatom “shells” in commercial diatomaceous earth for swimming pool filters . Cosmetics . Many skin treatments and cosmetics also contain algae . Food Additives Nutritional Supplements. Fertilizers Whole  algae .

12. Fungi

13. Defination of Fungi Fungi are a kingdom of usually multicellular eukaryotic organisms that are heterotrophs (cannot make their own food) and have important roles in nutrient cycling in an  ecosystem.

14. Characteristics of Fungi Fungi are eukaryotic, non-vascular, non-motile and heterotrophic organisms . They may be unicellular or filamentous . They reproduce by means of spores . Fungi exhibit the phenomenon of alternation of generation . Fungi lack chlorophyll and hence cannot perform photosynthesis.

15. Structure of Fungi

16. Reproduction of Fungi

17. Important uses of Fungi Following are some of the important uses of fungi : Recycling – They play a major role in recycling the dead and decayed matter. Food – The mushrooms species which are cultured are edible and are used as food by humans. Medicines – There are many fungi that are used to produce antibiotics and to control diseases in humans and animals.

18. Benefits of Fungi Fungi are important contributors to the soil carbon stock . Nutrition and food security . Human Health . Environmental protection . Sustainable  materials.

19. Harmful effect of Fungi on plants Wood stains Cereals and nuts Ergot Woods stains Cereals and nuts Ergot

20. Harmful effect of Fungi on human Cutaneous or superficial mycoses. Tinea unguium or Onychomycosis . Dandruff and Seborrhoeic Dermatitis Cutaneous Tinea unguium Dandruff

21. Commercial uses of Fungi Fungi is used in commercial production of products such as wine and bread. In making these products, yeast is used in the fermentation process . Fungi is also used as a decomposer. Fungi are used in the process of waste decomposition . Fungi is used to produce antibiotics such as penicillin .

22. Example of Fungi Yeast Mushrooms Moulds Truffles

23. Thanks!