aljdhidhihuhhhisgerund-160219043717.pptx

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1. GERUND Minggu ke V

2. Gerund adalah bentuk verb- ing dari kata kerja yang di fungsikan sebagai kata benda ( noun ). Gerund berbentuk sama dengan present participle, tetapi mempunyai fungsi yang berbeda, dan juga bukan berarti sedang.

3. THE USING OF GERUND 1. As the subject of the sentence. Examples : Reading is my hobby. Smoking is bad for your health. Running is good for your health. Teaching is a noble profession.

4. 2. As The direct object of the sentence. Examples : He loves hunting . They finish speaking . I don’t like smoking. Susan and Maria enjoy dancing.

5. 3. As the Subject of Complement. Examples : 1. One of his worst habit is telling lies. 2. What she like is watching the children play. 3. My favorite spare time is singing. 4. Her hobby is writing.

6. 4. Digunakan dibelakang “NO….“ membentuk kalimat pendek yang menyatakan larangan atau peringatan . Examples : 1. No parking ! 2. No smoking ! 3. No loitering ! 4. No spitting !

7. 5. Digunakan sebagai Appositive ( keterangan tambahan ) dalam suatu kalimat . Examples : 1. He has a bad habit, gambling. 2. That difficult work, sawing hard wood makes him exhausted. 3. Her hobby, swimming , has helped to keep her healthy.

8. 6. Di gunakan dibelakang Possessive Pronoun Examples : 1. I don’t mind your living here. 2. You can understand his feeling angry.

9. 7. Digunakan setelah kata depan ( preposition ), seperti : without, after, before, about, by etc. Examples : 1. Before leaving the house, I locked th e door. 2. After washing the rice, Mary cook it. 3. They are interested in painting NOTE: prep·os·ition ;noun (grammar) a word or group of words, such as in, for, by, on, at, of, with, between, among, from, to , out of and on behalf of( atas nama ), used before a noun or pronoun to show place, position, time or method

10. 8. Digunakan setelah Verb + Preposition accused of insist on worry about approve of keep on think of count on put off etc. depend on rely on give up succeed in go on dream about

11. 9. Digunakan setelah Adjective + Preposition accustomed to capable of successful in afraid of intent on sorry for fond of interested in tired of

12. Examples : 1. I am tired of doing the work again. 2. He goes out without saying anything. 3. Mary is fond of dancing. 4. We are interested in reading this book. 5. Ali is intent on finishing school next year. 6. I am sorry for waking you up.

13. 10. Digunakan setelah Noun + Preposition choice of intention of reason for excuse of possibility of honour of method of art of habit of idea of importance of chance of

14. Examples : There’s a reason for living so early. John has no excuse for dropping out of school. I don’t like the idea of spending so much money. She is glad to have this opportunity of coming to visit your country

15. 11. Di gunakan setelah kata kerja (verb) tertentu, berikut ini : admit advise keep discuss mention stop mind suggest avoid enjoy miss complete finish remember understand etc.

16. Examples : 1. They enjoy playing football. 2. I can’t stop falling in love with you. 3. Would you mind opening the window? 4. She avoids answering my question. 5. I wanted to go to Mexico. But Sally suggested going to Hawaii.

17. 12. Digunakan untuk menyatakan ungkapan tertentu (idiomatic expression )yang menunjukan kegiatan rekreasi dengan pola . Go + Gerund Go camping go hiking go dancing Go fishing go swimming go hunting Go sailing go shopping go skiing

18. Examples : 1. Do you go shopping on Sunday ? 2. We went fishing yesterday. 3. Did you go sailing last week ? 4. She will go camping next week .

19. 13. Sebagai modifier (yang menerangkan ) Contoh: Parking area (tempat parkir) Waiting room (ruang tamu) Swimming pool (kolam renang)

20. Adapun cara membentuk verb- ing adalah sebagai berikut . A. Jika base form (verb-1) berakhiran –e , maka –e dibuang baru di tambahkan akhiran –ing. contoh: Come  coming Write  writing

21. B. Jika base form berakhiran – ee , maka langsung ditambahkan – ing . contoh : agree  agreeing see  seeing

22. C. Jika base form berakhiran huruf konsonan ( selain h, w, x, y) yang didahului oleh satu huruf vokal dalam satu suku kata, maka huruf konsonan ditulis dobel, abaru kemudian ditambah –ing . contoh: beg  begging stop  stopping

23. D. Jika base form berakhiran huruf konsonan (selain h, w, x, y) yang didahului oleh satu huruf vokal dalam kata yang tekanan pengucapannya pada suku kata terakhir, maka huruf konsonan ditulis dobel, baru kemudian ditambahkan –ing. contoh: begin  beginning permit  permitting

24. E. Beberapa verb yang base form -nya berakhiran –ie , maka –ie diganti –y, maka kemudian ditambahkan –ing. contoh: die  dying lie  lying

25. F. Verb yang berakhiran –y tidak mengalami perubahan , melainkan tinggal langsung ditambahkan – ing . Contoh : carry  carrying enjoy  enjoying

26. G. Verb lain yang mempunyai bentuk selain dari yang disebutkan di atas, langsung ditambahkan –ing.

27. Catatan : Gerund mempunyai karakter seperti Verb . Karakter “ verb” yang dimiliki gerund adalah sebagai berikut :

28. 1. Gerund dapat mempunyai objek ( jika berasal dari transitive verb) Contoh : His job is teaching English.  “English” adalah objek dari “teaching”

29. 2. Gerund dapat mempunyai subject complement ( jika berasal dari linking verb). Contoh : Congratulations on your becoming a doctor.  “a doctor” adalah complement dari “becoming”.

30. 3. Gerund dapat diterangkan oleh adverb. contoh : He feels fresh after sleeping soundly.  “soundly” adalah adverb yang menerangkan “sleeping”.

31. B. Gerund mempunyai karakter seperti Noun . Karakter “ noun” yang dimiliki gerund adalah sebagai berikut :

32. Gerund dapat diterangkan oleh adjective . Contoh : My grandmother likes my slow driving.  “slow” adalah adjective yang menerangkan “driving”.

33. 2. Gerund dapat diterangkan oleh possessive pronoun . contoh : Your singing is beautiful.  ‘Your” adalah possesive pronoun yang menerangkan “singing”

34. 3. Gerund dapat diterangkan oleh possessive noun . contoh: He is interested in Anna’s smiling.  “Anna’s” adalah possessive noun yang menerangkan “smiling”.

35. 4. Beberapa gerund mempunyai bentuk jamak . contoh : blessing  blessings wedding  weddings

36. 5. Gerund dapat digunakan dalam ungkapan yang menunjukkan larangan singkat (short prohibition). contoh: No smoking (dilarang merokok) No fishing (dilarang memancing)

37. Exercises : 1. My sister is interested in……………. choreography. a. learn b. learns c. learning d. to learn

38. Key : C My sister is interested in learning choreography. Using gerund as the object of preposition.

39. 2. The police kept on……..questions to the witnesses to find out the truth. a. ask b. to ask c. asked d. asking

40. Key : D The police kept on asking question to the witnesses to find out the report. Using gerund as the object of preposition.

41. 3. Bagas : What kind of activities do you like to do ? Sita : …… is my favourite activity. Bagas : That’s wonderful a. be cooked b. cook c. cooked d. cooking

42. Key : D cooking is a gerund. It is used as the subject of the sentences.

43. 4. The chairman always minds to answer A B his phone when the secretary is out. C D

44. Key : B . Answering. Use the gerund form after the verb mind.

45. 5. The committee postpone…….until tomorrow. a. to vote b. voted c. vote d. voting

46. Key : D. Voting Use the gerund form after the verb postponed

47. 6. The president considered ……a train instead of a plain. a. taking b. will take c. taken d. to take

48. Key : A . The president considered taking a train instead of a plane. Considered is followed by the gerund.

49. 7. Although Mr. Arief could not attend, he A B appreciated to receive an invitation C D

50. Key : C . Receiving. Appreciated is followed by gerund .

51. 8. Mr. Jauhari suggested to illustrate the A presentation with charts and graph B C D Key : A Illustrating

52. Key : A illustrating. Suggested is followed by gerund

53. 9. Andri : ” May I smoke here ?” Ita : ” I’m sorry,…….is not allowed in this room” a. smoke b. smoking c. smoked d. to smoke

54. Key : B Smoking is not allowed in this room. Using gerund as the subject of the sentence.

55. 10. Have you thought about to look for a A B new job that offers opportunities for C advancement and a better salary. D

56. Key : B. looking Use gerund after verb + preposition.

57. 11. Mr. Hendro was responsible for …. the data. a. organization b. organizing c. organized d. organized

58. Key : B Organizing Adjective + preposition, responsible for is followed by gerund.