Alkalimetry Titration - ppt by Alternate6#.pptx

Pharmaceutical Analysis- Alkalimetry Titration
Alkalimetry Titration Presentation

Alkalimetry
“The term alkalimetry refers to that part of volumetric chemical analysis which enables us to work out the concentration of an acid solution using an alkaline solution at a known concentration and a suitable indicator.”

Alkalimetry (cont.)�Alkalimetry is used in the determination of many different inorganic, organic and biological substances which have acid properties. Some examples are:�1. determining acidity of oil;�2. determining acidity of milk;�3. determining volatile acidity in wine.

ALKALIMETRY IN NON-AQUEOUS TITRATIONS
A plethora of weakly acidic pharmaceutical substances may be titrated effectively by making use of a suitable non-aqueous solvent with a sharp end-point. The wide spectrum of such organic compounds in clude: anhydrides, acids, amino acids, acid halides, enols, barbiturates, xanthines, sulphonamides, phenols, imides and lastly the organic salts of inorganic acids.

1. P h a r maceutical A n a lysis : A lkalimetry T itration A l ternate Presentation s J O U RNAL CLUB ACTIVITY

2. I n t r oduction A l k a l i m e t r y & A c i d i m e t r y A l k a l imetry Titration M e t h od Table of contents 01 02 03 04

3. Alkalimetry “The term alkalimetry refers to that part of volumetric chemical analysis which enables us to work out the concentration of an acid solution using an alkaline solution at a known concentration and a suitable indicator.” Introduction

4. Alkalimetry (cont.) Alkalimetry is used in the determination of many different inorganic, organic and biological substances which have acid properties. Some examples are: 1 . determining acidity of oil; 2 . determining acidity of milk; 3 . determining volatile acidity in wine. 01

5. Alkalimetry and Acidimetry Alkalimetry and acidimetry are a kind of volumetric analysis in which the fundamental reaction is a neutralization reaction. Alkalimetry is the specialized analytic use of acid-base titration to determine the concentration of a basic (synonymous to alkaline) substance. Acidimetry, sometimes spelled acidometry, is the same concept of specialized analytic acid-base titration, but for an acidic substance.

6. A l k a l i m e t r y u s e d t o d e termine the c o n centration of a c i d s u b s t a n ces using standard A c i d i m e t r y u s e d t o d e t e r m i n e t h e concentration of b a s e substances u s i n g s t a n dard a c i d . A l k a l i m e t r y A c i d i m e t r y Alkalimetry and Acidimetry

7. Alkalimetric titration Alkalimetry , is the same concept of specialized analytic acid-base titration, but for an acidic substance using standard base. • Example: The titration of acetic acid (HC₂H₂O₂) with NaOH. During this titration, as the OH- reacts with the H* from acetic acid, the acetate ion (C₂H₂O₂) is formed. This conjugate base reacts with water to form a slightly basic solution.

8. Acidic substances are usually determined quantitatively by methods similar to those used for the quantitative determinations of bases. However, two methods are generally adopted for the assay of acidic substances, namely:

9. (a) Direct Titration Methods: It is accomplished by directly titrating an exact quantity of the acid, acid salt or other acidic substance with standard alkali solutions. (b) Residual Titration Methods: It is carried out by the addition of an excess of the standard alkali solution and subsequently determining the amount in exce s s residual titration with standard acid solution.

10. Solvents: Most commonly used solvents are ethylene di amine, acetone chloroform and morphine. These solvents either increase the strength of acid or do not interfere in the reactions.

11. Titrant: • In the titration of weak acidic compounds, methoxide of alkali metals like potassium, sodium, lithium are used as titrant. • Potassium methoxide and sodium methoxide are stronger titrant but it is not used because it produce the gelatinous product. • So, lithium methoxide in toluene and methanol prefer as titrant.

12. Indicator: Commonly used indicators are: 1. Thymol Blue. 2. 0.2% w/v azo violet solution in benzene.

13. ALKALIMETRY IN NON-AQUEOUS TITRATIONS A plethora of weakly acidic pharmaceutical substances may be titrated effectively by making use of a suitable non-aqueous solvent with a sharp end-point. The wide spectrum of such organic compounds in clude: anhydrides, acids, amino acids, acid halides, enols, barbiturates, xanthines, sulphonamides, phenols, imides and lastly the organic salts of inorganic acids.

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