Alkaloid. pptx

Alkaloid. pptx

1. Topic- Alkaloid Presented by Hariom Jaiswal Asst. Pro. D.PH 1 st Year Pharmacognosy Rajiv Gandhi College of Pharmacy Nautanwa Maharajganj UP 273164

2. CONTENT Introduction of Alkaloids Properties of Alkaloids Classification of Alkaloids Occurrence and Distribution of Alkaloids Isolation of Alkaloids Identification of Alkaloids Therapeutics activity and Pharmaceutical Application of Alkaloids

3. INTRODUCTION Alkaloids are basic heterocyclic nitrogenous compounds of plant origin that are physiologically active. They are generally obtained form plant, animal, and micro-organism. The term of Alkaloid or Alkali was 1 st suggested by “ Meissner in 1829” The basic nature of alkaloid is due to the presence of N-atom in the 5 or 6 numbered ring structure and it is heterocyclic and nitrogenous compound.

4. CLASSIFICATION OF ALKALOIDS On the basic of Chemical and Structure nature. Ex- Hygrine, Cocaine, lobeline, Atropine etc. On the basic of Pharmacological Ex- Morphine, Quinine, Nicotine, etc. On the basic of Biosynthesis Pathway. Ex- Indole, Piperidine. Isoquinoline , Quinazolidine etc On the basic of Taxonomical origin or Biological origin Ex- a. Solanaceae (Nightshade Family)-Atropine, Scopolamine b. Papaveraceae (Poppy Family)- Morphine, Codeine c. Rubiaceae (Coffee Family)- Quinine: Caffeine

5. OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF ALKALOID Occur in Bacteria and rarely in Fungi. Ex- Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Psilocin from Hallucinogenic mushrooms. Alkaloid occur in all plant parts but are usually localized in one organ. Ex- bark, seed and fruits etc. Rarely do plant contain more than one type of alkaloid. All alkaloid of one plant will have common biogenetic origin.

6. ISOLATION OF ALKALOIDS Stass Otto method Taken Alkaloid containing crude drug or plant Convert in powder form Powder was defatted Defatted powder Dried in hot air oven With the help of motar pestle With the help of non polar solvent like chloroform Extracted with organic solvent by using Soxhlet apparatus

7. Moist with Water and treated with organic solvent (NH3) Free Alkaloid was collected in suitable container Aquas layer contain salt of Alkaloid Organic layer (discarded) Aquas layer (discarded) Organic layer Alkaloid collected in container Boiled with diluted H2SO4 & constant strring then separated by using separating funnel Again extracted with organic solvent by using Soxhlet apparatus dried evaporated

8. 2. Manske’ s method Taken Alkaloid containing crude drug or plant Convert in powder form Powder was defatted Defatted powder Methanol extract dissolve in water and acid (HCL, HNO3) Dried in hot air oven With the help of motar pestle With the help of non polar solvent like chloroform Extracted with methanol by using Soxhlet apparatus

9. Steam distillation to remove the impurities of methanol extract Stand for several day in refrigerator or boiled with paraffin Aquas layer contain salt of Alkaloid Organic layer (discarded) Aquas layer (discarded) Organic layer Alkaloid collected in container filter by using separating funnel Again extracted with organic solvent by using Soxhlet apparatus dried evaporated

10. IDENTIFACTION TEST 1. Mayar test- Taken extract alkaloid dissolve in water then taken 2 to 3 ml of alkaloid solution in test tube Add few drops of mayer’s reagent (potassium mercuric iodide solution) It give cream or pale yellow colour.

11. 2. Hager test- Taken extract alkaloid dissolve in water then taken 2 to 3 ml of alkaloid solution in test tube Add few drops of hager’s reagent ( standard solution of picric acid) It give yellow colour .

12. 3. Dragendroff reagent test- Taken extract alkaloid dissolve in water then taken 2 to 3 ml of alkaloid solution in test tube Add few drops of dragendroff’s reagent ( Potassium iodide + Bismuth nitrate) It give yellow colour .

13. 4. Wagner test- Taken extract alkaloid dissolve in water then taken 2 to 3 ml of alkaloid solution in test tube Add few drops of Wagner’s reagent ( Iodine + KI) It give yellow colour .

14. THERAPEUTICS ACTIVITY AND PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATION Alkaloid in medicine are used as follow. It used as analgesics. Ex- morphine, codeine It used as synthetic derivatives for eye examination. Ex- atropine It used in Alzheimer disease. Ex – Troicamide . It used as anti- malarial drug. Ex- Quinine. Pharmaceutical Application- Many alkaloid exhibit marked pharmacological activity. Alkaloids have specific and definite pharmacological action.

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