allergy.pptx

Allergy

1. Allergy

2. What is an Allergy? Allergies are an abnormal response of the immune system. People who have allergies have an immune system that reacts to a usually harmless substance in the environment. This substance (pollen, mold, animal dander, etc.) is called an allergen. Allergies are a very common problem, affecting at least two out of every 10 people.

3. What Happens During an Allergic Reaction? First, a person is exposed to an allergen by inhaling it, swallowing it, or getting it on or under their skin . After a person is exposed to the allergen, a series of events create the allergic reaction : The body starts to produce a specific type of antibody, called IgE , to bind the allergen. The antibodies attach to a form of blood cell called a mast cell. Mast cells can be found in the airways, in the intestines, and elsewhere. The presence of mast cells in the airways and GI tract makes these areas more susceptible to allergen exposure. The allergens bind to the IgE , which is attached to the mast cell. This causes the mast cells to release a variety of chemicals into the blood. Histamine , the main chemical, causes most of the symptoms of an allergic reaction.

4. What Are the Symptoms of an Allergic Reaction? Common symptoms of an allergic reaction to inhaled or skin allergens include: Itchy, watery eyes Sneezing Itchy, runny nose Rashes Feeling tired or ill Hives (a rash with raised red patches)

5. Other exposures can cause different allergic reactions: Food allergies . An allergic reaction to food allergens can also cause stomach cramps, vomiting , or diarrhea . Insect stings . The allergic reaction to a sting from a bee or other insect causes local swelling, redness, and pain.

6. The severity of an allergic reaction’s symptoms can vary widely: Mild symptoms may be almost unnoticeable, just making you feel a little “off.” Moderate symptoms can make you feel ill, as if you’ve got a cold or even the flu. Severe allergic reactions are extremely uncomfortable, even incapacitating. Most symptoms of an allergic reaction go away shortly after the exposure stops.

7. The most severe allergic reaction is called anaphylaxis . In anaphylaxis, allergens cause a whole-body allergic reaction that can include: Hives and itching all over (not just in the exposed area) Wheezing or shortness of breath Hoarseness or tightness in the throat Tingling in the hands, feet, lips, or scalp Anaphylaxis is life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. Symptoms can progress rapidly, so head for the emergency room if there’s any suspicion of anaphylaxis.

8. Does Everyone Have Allergies? No, not everyone has allergies. People inherit a tendency to be allergic, although not to any specific allergen. When one parent is allergic, their child has a 50% chance of having allergies. That risk jumps to 75% if both parents have allergies.

9. ZELLAR Composition ZELLAR 120mg Each film-coated tablet contains Fexofenadine Hydrochloride 120 mg   ZELLAR 180 mg Each film-coated tablet contains Fexofenadine Hydrochloride 180 mg

10. Indications Zellar is indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis (  rhinitis involves chronic sneezing or a congested) and allergic skin conditions e.g., chronic urticaria.

11. Hives ( Urticaria)

12. Dosage and Administration Allergic rhinitis The recommended dose of fexofenadine hydrochloride for adults and children aged 12 years and above is 120 mg once daily. Allergic skin conditions e.g. chronic urticaria The recommended dose of fexofenadine hydrochloride for adults and children aged 12 years and above is 180 mg once daily. The efficacy and safety of fexofenadine hydrochloride has not been studied in children under 6. Studies in special risk groups (elderly, renally or hepatically impaired patients) indicate that it is not necessary to adjust the dose of fexofenadine hydrochloride in these patients.

13. MOA It is a non-sedating antihistamine with selective peripheral H1receptor antagonist activity.

14. Pharmacokinetics Fexofenadine Hydrochloride is rapidly absorbed into the body following oral administration, with Tmax occurring at approximately 1-3 hours post dose. Fexofenadine is 60-70% plasma protein bound. It undergoes negligible metabolism. The major route of elimination is through biliary excretion while upto 10% of the ingested dose is excreted unchanged through the urine.

15. Contraindications The product is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any of its ingredients. Pregnancy: USFDA Category C Lactation: Excreted in Breast milk. Not recommended.

16. Effect on ability to drive and use machines Zellar does not have effect on ability to drive and use machines as it has been shown to have no significant effects on central nervous system functions. Fexofenadine did not cross the blood brain barrier in animal studies.

17. Drug Interaction Fexofenadine is unlikely to interact with drugs that are metabolized through liver. Fexofenadine hydrochloride has been safely coadministered with erythromycin or ketoconazole. No differences in adverse effects or QT interval are observed when subjects are administered fexofenadine hydrochloride alone or in combination with erythromycin or ketoconazole.

18. Adverse Reactions Fexofenadine is generally well-tolerated .The common adverse effects have been headache. The uncommon adverse reactions include drowsiness, nausea, dry mouth, fatigue, dyspepsia and gastrointestinal disturbances. Adverse reactions rarely encountered are dysmenorrhoea , taste disturbances, chest tightness, and menstrual disorders. Single doses of fexofenadine hydrochloride upto 800 mg and doses upto 690 mg twice daily for 1 month have been administered without the development of clinically significant adverse effects.