alteration in oxygenation hypoxia define

Alteration oxygen

1. MICROTEACHING : ALTERATIONS IN OXYGENATION

2. Objective Introduction . Definition . Types of hypoxia . Stages of hypoxia

3. Introduction of hypoxia Hypoxia is lack of oxygen at the tissue level while hypoxaemia implies a low arterial oxygen tension below the normal expected value ( 85-100mm hg.) DEFINITION . Hypoxia is an insufficient supply of oxygen to meet the demands of the body .

4. There are four basic types of hypoxia. Hypoxic hypoxia : Occurs when there is a deficiency in oxygen exchange in the lungs.some causes include : conditions that block the exchange at the alveolar capillary level ( e.g pneumonia, pulmonary edema , asthma, drowning.)

5. Amenia ( hypemic ) hypoxia : . Occurs when the body cannot transport the available oxygen to the target tissues. Causes include: Amenia from acute or chronic blood loss . CarbOn monoxide poisoning. . Medications: such as aspirin, sulfonamide and nitrites. Methemoglobinemia . Sickle cell disease.

6. Stagnant hypoxia: Occurs when there is insufficient blood flow.causes include: Heart failure. Decreased circulating blood volume. vasodilation.

7. Histotoxic ( histology) hypoxia: Occurs when the body’s tissues are not able to use the oxygen that has been delyto them.this is not a true hypoxia because the tissue oxygenation levels may be at or above normal Causes include: cyanide poisoning. Alcohol consumption. Narcotics.

8. Stages of Hypoxia There are four stages of Hypoxia.

9. Asymptomatic or indifferent: People are not generally aware of the effects if hypoxia at this stage. The primary symptoms are a loss of night vision and a loss of color vision. These changes can occur at relatively modest altitudes ( ad low 4,000 feet ) and are probably most significant to pilots operating at night. Arterial oxygen saturations are typically between 90 and 95 percent.

10. Compensatory: In healthy people, this stage may occur at altitudes between 10,000 and 15,000 feet . The body generally has the ability to stave off further effects of hypoxia by increasing the rate and depth of ventilation and cardiac output. Arterial oxygen saturations during this phase are typically between 80 and 90 percent.

11. Deterioration or distrubance : In this state, people are unable to compensate for the lack of oxygen.unfortunately , not everyone recognizes or experiences the signs and symptoms associated with this stage. If they do not , they cannot take steps to correct the problem .arterial oxygen saturations during this phase typically are between 70 and 80 percent.

12. Critical: This is the terminal stage leading up to death . People are almost completely incapacitated physically and mentally. People in this stage will lose consciousness, have conversations, stop breathing and finally die. Arterial oxygen saturations are less than 70 percent.

13. Monitoring oxygen levels: Pulse oximeters are the most common device for monitoring patient’s oxygen status.

14. Summary We have just learn about Introduction Definition of hypoxia Types of hypoxia and stages of hypoxia

15. Conclusion Hypoxia is an insufficient supply of oxygen to meet the demands of the body.

16. Bibliography Textbook of Nursing foundation ( as per INC new syllabus) I Clement ( 3 rd Edition ) Jaypee brother medical publishers (p) LTD.

17. thank you......😊