Alternative Medicine.pptx Mental Health Nursing

Mental Health Nursing Unit V

1. Course : B.Sc. Nursing / III Year Subject : Mental Health Nursing Unit : Unit - V (4) Unit Title : Treatment Modalities and Therapies used in Mental Disorders. Topic : Alternative Systems Of Medicine Faculty : Mr. Vethadhas. P / Assistant Professor.

2. Objectives At the end of the class the student will be able to 1. Definition of Acupressure and Acupuncture and Anthroposophical Extended Medicine. 2. Identify the Aromatherapy and Ayurveda . 3. Enlist the Bio Energetic, Chelation Therapy and Chiropractic therapy. 4. Elaborate the Color Therapy, Herbal Therapies and Homeopathy .

3. 5. Describe the Light and Melatonin Therapy, Massage and Meditation 6. Discuss the Oriental Medicine, Biofield Therapies and Reiki. 7. Explain the Sound Therapy, Tibetan Method, Yoga, Spiritual Healing and Prayer. 8. To enhance Special Diet Therapies, Mega Doses of Vitamins or Minerals, T'ai chi and Qi Gong, Unani System of Medicine. Cont …

4. Introduction From the time immemorial man has been interested in trying to control disease. The medicine man, the priest, the herbalist and the magician, all undertook various ways to cure man's disease and/or to bring relief to the sick. In an almost complete absence of scientific medical knowledge, it would not be fair to say that the early practitioners of medicine contributed nothing to the alleviation of man's suffering from disease. Medical knowledge infact has been derived, to a very great degree, from the intuitive and observational proportions and cumulative experiences gleaned from others.

5. In course of its evaluation, which proceeded by stages, with advances and halts, medicine has drawn richly from biological and natural sciences and more recently from social and behavioral sciences. The term alternative medicine refers to the various disease treating or disease preventing practices whose methods and efficiency differ from traditional or conventional biochemical knowledge.  

6. Definition of Alternative Systems Of Medicine According to Ruth N. Grendel (2000) alternative medicine covers a broad range of healing defines philosophies, approaches and therapies. It generally is defined as those treatments and health care practices not taught widely in medical schools, not generally used in hospitals and not usually reimbursed by medical insurance companies.

7. Heading 1. Introduction 2. Definition 3. Acupressure and Acupuncture 4. Anthroposophical Extended Medicine 5. Aromatherapy 6. Ayurveda 7. Bio Energetic 8. Chelation Therapy 9. Chiropractic 10. Color Therapy 11. Herbal Therapies 12. Homeopathy 13. Light and Melatonin Therapy

8. 14. Massage 15. Meditation 16. Oriental Medicine 17. Biofield Therapies (Reflexology and Therapeutic Touch) 18. Reiki 19. Sound Therapy 20. Tibetan Method 21. Yoga 22. Spiritual Healing and Prayer 23. Special Diet Therapies, Mega Doses of Vitamins or Minerals 24. T'ai chi and Qi Gong 25. Unani System of Medicine

9. ACUPRESSURE AND ACUPUNCTURE   Acupressure and acupuncture are Chinese healing techniques that are mentioned in the an ancient medical texts dating back to 3000 BC. A basic tenet of Chinese medicine is the belief of vital energy ( qi or chi) flows along the specific pathway (the medians) which have about 350 points ( acupoints ) whose manipulation corrects imbalances by stimulating or removing blockages to energy flow. Another fundamental concept is the idea of two opposing energy fields (yin and yang), which must be in balance for health to be sustained. 

10. In west, acupressure and acupuncture are explained on the basis of nerve stimulation that releases endogenous neurotransmitters and endorphins to help cure illness. Some of the conditions for which these techniques are applied are asthma, headaches, dysmenorrhoea , cervical pain, anxiety, depression and substance abuse

11. Anthroposophical Extended Medicine:   This form of healing was developed by Austrian philosopher Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925). Anthroposophy focuses on mental exercises that enable people to find a balance between mind and body to ensure health maintenance.  

12. Aromatherapy Aromatherapy is concerned with the psychological, physiological and pharmacological effects of essential oils introduced by means of inhalation, olfaction and dermal application. The essential oils that are used in aromatherapy are distilled from flowers, roots, bark, leaves, wood resins and lemon or orange rinds. When essential oils are inhaled, aromas are detected by the olfactory receptor cells in the nares. The stimuli travel along the olfactory nerve to the brain where they are thought to play a role in emotions, memory and a variety of body functions and immune responses.

13. Nurses should caution people who are considering aromatherapy to be aware that aromatic oils vary in quality, their production is not regulated and some may be toxic when inhaled. The skin should always be tested for allergies by applying a very small amount of the diluted oil before a whole treatment is tried. Oils should not be used near the eyes and should always be diluted in a suitable oil or water before application to skin. Oil should be stored in dark colored glass bottles, and kept away from sunlight.

14. AYURVEDA Ayurveda means "knowledge of life". The technique originated in India around 3000 BC and is believed to be the oldest and the most comprehensive medical system in the world. Treatment relies on diet, medicine, purification enemas and bloodletting. Ayurvedic medicine (“ Ayurveda ” for short) is one of the world's oldest holistic (“whole-body”) healing systems. It was developed more than 3,000 years ago in India. It’s based on the belief that health and wellness depend on a delicate balance between the mind, body, and spirit. Its main goal is to promote good health, not fight disease. But treatments may be geared toward specific health problems.

15. Ayurveda

16. BIO ENERGETICS   Bioenergetics is based on the belief that damned-up energy produces mal adaptive behavioural patterns, which is evolved from the work of Austrian psychoanalyst Wilhelm Reich who studied with Sigmund Freud. Reich believed that energy fields were propelled by sexual impulses called 'ergs' and that satisfactory orgasm were an indication of healthy body functions. Modern practitioners look for areas of muscular tension in the body that are thought to be associated with repressed memories repression to consciousness through a variety of relaxation techniques, including massage.

17. Chelation Therapy:   It is a traditional medical procedure used to treat accidental poisoning with heavy metal such as lead, arsenic and mercury. A chelating agent ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) is infused into the blood stream and the metal, which is then excreted from the body.  

18. Chiropractic:   Chiropractic is concerned in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of musculoskeletal systems especially those of spine. Color Therapy: In color therapy different colors are thought to affect mood and mono color therapy has been used to address specific health problems for example blue is believed to be sedating and red exciter.   

19. Herbal Therapies: Herbal medicine, the oldest known form of healthcare, uses plants to treat disease and promote health. Herbal medicines are available as extracts (solutions obtained by steeping or soaking a substance, usually in water), tinctures (usually alcohol-based preparations, with alcohol acting as a natural preservative), infusions (the most common method of internal herbal preparation, usually referred to as a tea), decoctions (similar to an infusion), pills, and powders; even a moistened cloth applied to the skin can act as a herbal remedy.

20. Homeopathy:   Homeopathy healing was developed in early 1800's by Samuel Hahnemann M.D., a German physician is based on concept of that self healing is a basic characteristic of human life and that special medications can aid this inherent process. Homeopathy is a medical system based on the belief that the body can cure itself. Those who practice it use tiny amounts of natural substances, like plants and minerals. They believe these stimulate the healing process.

21. Light and Melatonin Therapy: Light therapy is based on the concept that humans are subject to circadian rhythms from Latin word circa (around) and dies (day) that affects psycho logical process in predictable ways. There are 24 hour cycles of rest and activity that includes camphor level of corticosteroids, electrolyte excretion and physiological process, for example blood pressure is higher during day than night by varying light exposure, circadian rhythm can be alerted.

22. Massage:   Massage is a treatment that involves manipulation of the soft tissues and surfaces body. Massage is believed to increase blood circulation, improves flow of lymph through lymphatic vessels, and improves tone of musculoskeletal system.   Massage therapy is used to help manage a health condition or enhance wellness. It involves manipulating the soft tissues of the body. Massage has been practiced in most cultures, both Eastern and Western, throughout human history, and was one of the earliest tools that people used to try to relieve pain.

23. Meditation:   Meditation is a technique that involves entering a trance state by focusing on word or sound, on an object, such as burning candle or on movement. During trance, the person experiences a state of calm.    Oriental Medicine:   Oriental medicine is a broad term covering the traditional medicine of China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Tibet and other Asian countries.

24. Reflexology: Reflexology is the gentle massaging of feet, hands and ears to stimulate body's natural healing power. In reflexology, pressure is applied to specific reflex points on the foot. These points correspond to organs and areas of the body. The treatment is said to induce a healing response, even alleviating some ailments. Reflexology is one of the most popular types of massage . Beyond the feel-good effects of the treatment, the practice and purpose go deeper than the skin and muscles. Kneading the soft fleshy ball of the foot, pulling on the toes, tracing around the heel and pushing deep into the arch are just a few of the movements you’ll experience during a treatment.

25. Reflexology

26. Therapeutic Touch: In Therapeutic Touch, therapists place their hands on or near their patient's body with the intention to help or heal. In doing so, therapists believe that they are consciously directing or modulating an individual's energies by interacting with his or her energy field. The focus is on balancing the energies of the total person and stimulating the body's own natural healing ability rather than on the treatment of specific physical diseases.

27. Reiki:   Reiki is a Japanese word with general meaning of healing (Rei means "universal" or spiritual" and ki is life force energy"). Reiki is used to heal all type of ailments, both physical and mental, but its most profound effect is an almost immediate feeling of relaxation, resulting in deep reduction of stress.

28. Sound Therapy: Sound therapy is an ancient technique in which sounds such as chants, bell rings or drum beats used to create vibration in the body and believed to have healing powers. Music therapy uses the sound of musical instruments such as flute, to achieve similar results.

29. Tibetan Method:   Treatment consists of restoring balance between different humors (wind, bile, phlegm) through use of herbal medicine and accessory therapy, such as massage, moxibustion , acupuncture, appropriate diet, religious rituals and purification techniques.    Yoga:   It is a comprehensive philosophical system that has the goal of preparing an Individual to unite with Supreme Being.

30. Spiritual Healing and Prayer:   Spiritual interventions focus on developing a sense of meaning, purpose and hope for individuals in their current life experience. Spiritual interventions involve listening to the person's story and facilitating the person to connect to God, a greater power, perhaps by using meditation or prayer. This may be a religious or non-religious experience depending on the individual's own spirituality.

31. Spiritual Healing and Prayer

32. Special Diet Therapies, Mega Doses of Vitamins or Minerals: Good nutrition can help with adaptation to the inevitable stresses of life by promoting a healthy body and a feeling of well-being. Nutritional deficiencies often first appear in the form of mental symptoms. Researchers believe that the imbalances in the system can be regulated by nutritional supplements. For example, depression may be caused by an amino acid imbalance or vitamin deficiency.

33. The B-vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids and folic acid are helpful for regulating stress and balancing mood. Nurses must be sensitive to ethnic and cultural diets when planning healthcare activities. Some of these diets may pose health risks because of a lack of essential ingredients or interaction with prescribed medications.

34. T'ai chi and Qi Gong:   T'ai chi (tie chee ), sometimes defined as 'moving meditation is a Chinese blend of exercise and energy work consisting of a series of choreographed, continuous slow movements performed with mental concentration and coordinated breathing. The purpose is to improve circulation, balance, flow of chi, reduce stress and anxiety and restore energy and health. Qigong is a therapeutic Chinese practice that includes gentle exercises for the breath, body, mind, and voice.

35. An Overview of the Unani System of Medicine:   " Unani ' means medicines, which are a symbol of life.   The name is derived from the word Tonian which originated in Greece. Tibb " means the knowledge of the states of the human body in health and decline of health, or in other Words, medicine.   " Tibb -E- Unani ", is hence an age old, time tested system of medicine dating back 5000 years to Greece.

36. Unani medicine, like any other form of medical science strives to find the best possible ways by which a person can lead a healthy life with the least sickness. It prescribes drugs, diet, drinks and other regimens including codes of conduct which are conducive to the maintenance and promotion of positive health, as well as the prevention and cure of disease. The ultimate scientific prescriptions and prohibitions is the creation of a healthy society.

37. The Specialized Branches of Unani Medicine: 1. Internal medicine ( Moalijat ) 2. Surgery ( Ilmul Jarahat ) 3. Gynecology including Obstetrics and 4. Pediatrics Diseases of the head and neck 5. Toxicology 6. Psychiatry 7. Rejuvenation Therapy including Geriatrics 8. Sexology 9. Regimental Therapy 10. Hydrotherapy

38. BENEFITS OF ALTERNATIVE THERPY IN TREATING MENTAL ILLNESS An obvious holistic orientation in health care. Relatively fewer and less intense side-effects than conventional therapies. A deliberate desire for cultural and philosophical congruence with personal beliefs about the concepts of health and illness. Dissatisfaction with conventional health care. Offers a greater control over the life. Reluctance to “grin and bear” the long term effects of diseases.

39. The rapid pace and ease of information-sharing. Encourages a sense of responsibility for their own care. Media contributing in consumer’s awareness of alternative therapies. Most promising research evidences regarding the effectiveness of alternative therapies. Maximizes the social and occupational functioning which are monopolized by the long term effects of psychotropic drugs.

40. SUMMARY Till now we have discussed regarding Definition, Acupressure and Acupuncture, Anthroposophical Extended Medicine, Aromatherapy, Ayurveda, Bio Energetic, Chelation Therapy, Chiropractic, Color Therapy, Herbal Therapies, Homeopathy, Light and Melatonin Therapy, Massage, Meditation, Oriental Medicine, Biofield Therapies (Reflexology and Therapeutic Touch), Reiki, Sound Therapy, Tibetan Method, Yoga, Spiritual Healing and Prayer, Special Diet Therapies, Mega Doses of Vitamins or Minerals, T'ai chi and Qi Gong, Unani System of Medicine.

41. Reference 1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). American Psychiatric Pub; 2013 May 22. 2. Dr. Lalitha . Mental health and Psychiatric nursing an Indian perspective, V.M.G Book house 2009. 3. Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Kaplan and Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011 Dec 26.

42. 4. Ahuja N, Ahuja S. A short textbook of psychiatry. New Delhi: Jaypee brothers; 2006 Jul 30. 5. Vaillant GE. Ego mechanisms of defense: a guide for clinicans and researchers. American Psychiatric Pub; 1992. 6. Sreevani R. A guide to mental health and psychiatric nursing. Jaypee brothers publishers; 2007. 7. Mary C Townsend. Psychiatric mental health nursing concept of care in evidenced based practice, 5 th edition Jaypee brotherts , 2007.

43. Thank you