Alternative system of medicine

i know it is an helpful topic for PG nursing student.....

1. Complementary & alternative system of medicine Presented by: jagdish sambad m.sc.nursing , IKDRC COLLEGE OF NURSING.

2. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is the term commonly used to describe a broad range of healing philosophies, approaches and therapies that focus on the whole person including biopsychosocial and spiritual aspect. Definitions-

3. CAM therapies when used alone referred as alternative therapies. ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES

4. When CAM therapies are used in combination with other conventional therapies referred as complementary therapies. COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES

5. Types of Complementary And Alternative Medicine

6. 1. Alternative Medical Systems 2. Mind-Body Interventions 3. Biologically-Based Therapies 4. Manipulative and Body-Based Methods 5. Energy Therapies Types of Complementary / Alternative Medicine-

7. Alternative medical systems are built upon complete systems of theory and practice. Often, these systems have evolved apart from and earlier than the conventional medical approach used. 1. Alternative Medical Systems

8. Acupuncture Ayurveda Homeopathy Naturopathic medicine Types of Alternative Medical Systems

9. Acupuncture Acupuncture is a component of traditional Chinese medicine that originated in China over 5,000 years ago. It is based on the belief that living beings have a vital energy, called "qi” that circulates through twelve invisible energy lines known as meridians on the body.

10. Acupuncturists insert needles into specified points along meridian lines to influence the restore balance to the flow of qi. There are over 1,000 acupuncture points on the body CONTD…

11. There are numerous theories about how acupuncture works. Some of them are: acupuncture stimulates the release of pain acupuncture influences the release of neurotransmitters, substances that transmit nerve impulses to the brain acupuncture influences the autonomic nervous system acupuncture stimulates circulation acupuncture influences the electrical currents of the body How Acupuncture Works

12. migraines and tension headaches sinusitis common cold addictions, quit smoking Meniere's disease arthritis menstrual cramps asthma weight loss infertility Conditions Treated By Acupuncture

13. Acupuncture is considered a safe therapy when the practitioner has been trained and uses sterilized needles. The complications includes… Infection Broken needle puncture of an internal organ Bleeding Fainting Seizure LIMITATIONS OF ACUPUNCTURE

14. Person with bleeding disorders Thrombocytopenia Skin infection Semi permanent needles should not b used in a person with vascular heart disease because of the risk of infection. Electro acupuncture should avoid in person with a pacemaker, epilepsy or in pregnancy. CONTRAINDICATIONS...

15. Ayurveda Ayurveda is the traditional medicine of India, which originated there over 5,000 years ago. Ayurveda emphasizes re-establishing balance in the body through diet, lifestyle, exercise, and body cleansing, and on the health of the mind, body, and spirit.

16. According to Ayurveda, everything is composed of five elements: air, water, fire, earth, and space. These elements combine to form the three doshas i.e. Vata kapha pitta CONTD…

17. The vata dosha is a combination of space and air. It controls movement and is responsible for basic body processes such as breathing, cell division and circulation. Vata body areas are the large intestine, pelvis, bones, skin, ears, and thighs. People with vata as their main dosha are believed to be quick-thinking, thin, and fast, and are susceptible to anxiety, dry skin, and constipation. 1. The vata dosha -

18. The kapha dosha represents the elements of water and earth. Kapha is believed to be responsible for strength, immunity, and growth. Kapha body areas are the chest, lungs, and spinal fluid. People with kapha as their main dosha are thought to be calm, have a solid body frame, and are susceptible to diabetes, obesity, sinus congestion, and gallbladder problems. 2. The kapha dosha -

19. The pitta dosha combines fire and water. It is thought to control hormones and the digestive system. Pitta body areas are the small intestines, stomach, sweat glands, skin, blood, and eyes. People with pitta as their primary dosha are thought to have a fiery personality, oily skin, and are susceptible to heart disease, stomach ulcers, inflammation, heartburn, and arthritis. 3. The pitta dosha -

20. Diet Cleansing and detoxification: Herbal medicine Yoga Meditation Exercise Massage: An Ayurvedic treatment plan involve

21. Anemia Arthritis Asthma Back Ache Bleeding Gums Blood Dysentery Bronchitis Cancer Chicken Pox Cholera Cough and Cold Dengue Ayurvedic Medicines for various ailments-

22. Homeopathic remedies are typically derived from plants, herbs, minerals, or animal products. After being crushed and dissolved in alcohol and/or water, the selected substance undergoes a long process of dilution and succession (a process that involves vigorous shaking of the solution). The solution is then stored. 3. Homeopathy-

23. Diarrhea Migraines Motion sickness The flu CLINICAL APPLICATION OF HOMEOPATHY

24. Since they're so diluted, homeopathic remedies don't usually cause adverse effects. In some cases, however, patients may briefly feel worse after first beginning their homeopathic treatment. Side Effects of Homeopathic Remedies-

25. 1. A surgical problem which has progressed far beyond its initial stages might not respond to homoeopathy. 2. Some sudden life threatening situations like heart attacks, paralytic strokes, diabetic comas etc. might have to be initially treated with allopathy, till the patient is out of danger. 3. It is relatively slow acting as compared to the steroids. 4. The success rate is not 100%. LIMITATIONS OF HOMEOPAHY

26. Naturopathy uses body's natural healing abilities in prevention and treatment of disease through a healthy lifestyle. It builds immunity, improves mental health, and enhances body functions. Naturopathy mainly focuses on finding the cause of the disease rather than merely treating the symptoms of disease. It uses diet, homeopathy, hydrotherapy, herbal medicine, and other therapies to return the body to a state where it can heal itself. 4. Naturopathy :

27. CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF NATUROPATHY- Weight loss Fatigue Menstrual cycle disturbances (e.g. , cramping, fluid retention, irregular cycles) Stress and anxiety Mild depression Mood swings Allergies Arthritis

28. Menopause related problems (e.g. hot flushes, insomnia, mood changes) Sleep problems Poor immunity Arthritis Blood sugar imbalances Slow metabolism General wellbeing Preconception care and fertility CONTD …

29. REBALANCING FOOD ESSENTIAL OILS, AND OTHER BACH FLOWERS, HERBS AND PLANTS RELAXATION TECHNIQUES MASSAGE TYPES OF NATUROPATHY

30. Mind-body medicine uses a variety of techniques designed to enhance the mind's capacity to affect bodily function and symptoms. Some techniques that were considered alternative in the past have become main stream (for example, patient support groups and cognitive-behavioral therapy). 2. Mind-Body Interventions

31. Meditation and Breathing Relaxation Hypnosis Biofeedback TYPES OF MIND- BODY INTERVEVENTIONS

32. Meditation means sitting or resting quietly, often with the eyes closed, which stills the mind for greater self-awareness. Meditation also helps in reduction of pain and relieving stress. It also involves sometimes the repetitive sounding of a mantra, which helps the person to focus. Meditation promotes relaxation. 1. Meditation and Breathing

33. Quite space A comfortable position. A respective attitude A focus of attention Components of meditation-

34. Meditation and rhythmic breathing Progressive relaxation Relation by sensory pacing Relaxing with music TECHNIQUES OF MEDITATION-

35. Provide a quite environment. Help the client get comfortable while seated or lying on back. Instruct the client to close eyes and hold a receptive attitude. Instruct the client to breath in and out slowly and deeply using abdominal muscles keeping the chest still. 1. Meditation and rhythmic breathing

36. At the beginning of every out breath have client to repeat the number ‘one’ silently in his or her mind and continue for period of meditation. Explain that when the mind wanders, being it back to counting the out breath without judgment. Have client practice for 5, 10, 15 or20 minutes per session practice daily for at least one session. Contd …

37. Following steps 1, 2,3and 4 of meditation and rhythmic breathing. Once the client is breathing slowly and comfortably instruct client to tighten and relax the muscles. Instruct the client to tense and relax the calves and knees. 2. Progressive relaxation

38. Following steps 1, 2,3and 4 of meditation and rhythmic breathing. Instruct the client to slowly repeat and finish either in a low voice of the following sentence- -Now I am aware of seeing -Now I am aware of feeling -Now I am aware of hearing Instruct the client to repeat and complete each sentence 4 times, the 3 times then twice and finally once. 3. Relaxation by sensory pacing-

39. Provide client with a tape recorder and headset. Ask client to select a favorite cassette of slow quiet music. Instruct client to get into a comfortable position and to close eyes and listen to music through the headset. Instruct client to imagine floating with music. 4. Relaxing with music-

40. Prolonging Life Expectancy Stress Control Pain Management Cancer and Other Chronic Illness Heart disease High blood pressure Infertility Psoriasis Respiratory crises Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Tension Headaches Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Ulcers, and Insomnia Fibromyalgia CLINICAL APPLICATION:-

41. It may be contraindicated in people who have a strong fear of losing control. Hypertensive individual require a much shorter session than average 15-20 minute session. Limitation of meditation

42. Relaxation techniques are aimed at relaxing muscles and quieting the mind and are mainly designed to relieve tension and strain. It is also used as an alternative treatment for insomnia. 2. Relaxation

43. Decreased heart rate Decreased respiratory rate Decreased BP Decreased oxygen consumption CHARACTERISTICS OF RELAXATION

44. Lowering heart rate Lowering BP tension Improving well being Reducing symptoms of distress Depression Anxiety CLINICAL APPLICATION OF RELAXATION THERAPY:-

45. Individual undergoing relaxation therapy has report fearing loss of control. Feeling they are floating and experiencing relaxation induced anxiety related to theses feelings. Occasional relaxation techniques may result in continued intensification of symptoms. LIMITATION OF RELAXATION THERAPY

46. Hypnosis is a sort of conscious sleep or trance that can help people deal with addictions, pain or anxiety disorders. In hypnosis, a person is put into an advanced state of relaxation in which he is relatively unaware of his surroundings but not entirely unconscious about it. A hypnotized person follows the instructions given by the hypnotherapist and tends not to be to psycho logic stress and conflict. 3. Hypnosis

47. Habit Disorders Habit Disorders Relaxation Anxiety States OCD Psychotic Disorders Indications for Hypnosis

48. In a patient who does not want it. Hypertensive individual . Contraindications for Hypnosis

49. Biofeedback is a group of therapeutic procedures that use electronic or electromechanical instruments to measure the process and information to person about their neuromuscular and autonomic nervous system. The information or feed back is given in physical, physiological activity or visual feedback signals. 4. Biofeedback: Biofeedback

50. People are trained to exercise some control over the way their bodies work and involves measuring a subject's bodily processes such as blood pressure, heart rate, skin temperature using electronic sensors. Biofeedback helps a person to be more aware of what his body is doing, and to bring reactions under control. CONTD…

51. Temperature biofeedback EMG biofeedback EEG biofeedback Galvanic Skin Response The most common biofeedback techniques are:

52. Biofeedback helps the treating pain stress Insomnia headache. Clinical application of biofeedback

53. During relaxation the feeling may be uncovered that client cannot cope with them. For this reason it’s recommended that practitioners should be trained. Limitations of biofeedback

54. Biologically based therapies in complementary and alternative medicine use substances found in nature, such as herbs, foods, and vitamins. There are mainly following types of biological based therapy: Herbal Medicine Orthomolecular Medicine 3. Biologically-Based Therapies

55. Herbal medicine is a system, which uses various remedies derived from plants and their extracts to treat disorders and maintain good health. Either a whole single herb or a mixture of different herbs can be used. Though herbal medicine exhibits a slower and deeper action they assist the body to eliminate and detoxify,thus taking care of the problem that’s causing the symptoms. Herbal medicines are available as extracts, infusions, pills, and powders. 1. Herbal Medicine-

56. Minor burns Wound healing Hypertension Diabetes Nausea Vomiting Motion sickness Clinical application of herbal therapy

57. Orthomolecular medicine involves the use of proper nutrition or nutritional supplements to maintain and restore health. Orthomolecular medicine uses combinations of minerals, vitamins and amino acids normally found in the body to treat specific conditions. 2.Orthomolecular Medicine-

58. Arthritis Cardiovascular disease Hypertension Beriberi Night blindness Osteomalacia Pernicious anemia Rickets Scurvy Xerophtalmia CLINICAL APPLICATIONS-

59. Manipulative and body-based methods in complementary and alternative medicine are based on manipulation and/or movement of one or more parts of the body. 4. Manipulative and Body-Based Methods -

60. Chiropractic Osteopathy Massage Therapy Reflexology Types of Manipulative and Body-Based Methods-

61. Chiropractic is based on the theory that disease conditions result from misalignments of body structures, especially the spine. Due to this misalignment pressure is placed on the nerve roots as they exit the spinal column resulting in decreased function of the nerve and the organs that they serve. The treatment for achieving this balance is spinal manipulation to restore correct alignment and full working order. Researches have shown chiropractic to be effective in treating low back pain. Chiropractic: -

62. Osteopathy is a system of diagnosis and treatment by manipulation that mainly focuses on musculo -skeletal problems. It differs from chiropractic in its underlying theory that it is impairment of blood supply and not nerve supply that leads to problems. Doctors of osteopathy use manipulation plus traditional medicine to cure problems. Osteopathy-

63. It is the manipulation of body tissues to promote wellness and reduce pain and stress. It plays an important role in treating illness or chronic ailments, and contributes to a higher sense of general well being. It involves a variety of techniques such as stroking or kneading for applying pressure to specific points. Massage therapy may cause side effects and should not be used in people who have infectious or contagious skin diseases. Massage Therapy-

64. Reflexology is the practice of stimulating points on the feet, hands and ears to improve health or give a beneficial effect on some other parts of the body. It is commonly performed on the particular areas of foot that are believed to correspond to different organs or systems of the body. This helps to eliminate the blockage of energy responsible for pain or disease in the corresponding body part. Reflexology-

65. Biofield therapies are intended to affect energy fields that purportedly surround and penetrate the human body. The existence of such fields has not yet been scientifically proven. Some forms of energy therapy manipulate biofields by applying pressure and/or manipulating the body by placing the hands in, or through, these fields. Energy Therapies -

66. 1. Reiki 2. Therapeutic Touch 3. Bioelectromagnetic -based Therapies Types Energy Therapies -

67. Reiki is a technique, which uses the channeling and flow of energy through the body to improve health and promote healing. It is very much different from conventional healing therapies. Because in a Reiki therapy, there are no medicines or tools needed to heal diseases. All a practitioner has to do is to direct energy towards the body through the hands and the power of meditation. 1. Reiki Therapy:-

68. Anxiety Stress Arthritis Endometriosis Chronic fatigue syndrome Insomnia Depression Migraines Hot flashes Cramps Clinical applications of reiki therapy-

69. Regular sessions are requires. Need other treatment in addition to Reiki therapy in case of serious illness. Limitations of Reiki therapy-

70. This technique uses the therapist's healing energy to identify and repair imbalances in a person's biofield. They believe that by placing their hands on or near a patient's body they can direct energy and correct disturbances. Therapeutic Touch-

71. Pain Fever Swelling, Infections Wounds Ulcers Thyroid problems Burns Nausea Premenstrual syndrome Diarrhea, and headaches TT is useful in treating diseases such as measles, Alzheimer’s disease CLINICAL IMPLLICATIONS-

72. Lack of eye and facial contact during session. Person who are sensitive to human interaction and touch. Physical abused Psychiatric diseases. Limitations of therapeutic touch-

73. Bioelectromagnetic -based therapies use pulsed energy or magnetic fields to alter the body's electromagnetic fields and cure illness. Magnets have become a popular treatment for various musculoskeletal conditions and even to relieve pain. 3. Bioelectromagnetic -based Therapies

74. Osteoporosis Arthritis Effective in healing non-union fracture hip Pain Clinical applications -

75. Pacemaker or other implanted or external medical devices; Pregnancy Myasthenia gravis Hyperfunctional endocrine glands Active TB, acute viral diseases Malignancies Psychoses Organ transplant Contraindications-

76. The integrative medicine approach is consistent with the holistic approach nurses are taught to practice. Nurses have the potential for becoming essential participants in this type of health care philosophy. Nurses should be knowledgeable of CAM therapies to make appropriate recommendation. Nurses should also provide advice to client regarding when to seek conventional therapies or CAM therapies. Role of nurse in complementary and alternative therapy

77. Nurses need to be aware of their state nurse practice act with regard to CAM therapies and practice only with in the scope of these laws. Nurses have knowledge regarding current researches being done in this area to provide accurate information not only to patient but to other health care professionals. Contd …

78. Perry and potter. Fundamentals of nursing. 6 th ed. Mosby an imprint of Elsevier NEW DELHI pp 915-26. Stuart W. Gail, Lararia T. Michele. Principle and practice of psychiatric nursing. 8 th ed. Mosby an imprint of Elsevier. NEW DELHI : Pp 618-26. Black Joyce M. et al .Medical Surgical nursing. 1 st ed. Singapore. W.B. Sunder 1997: pp780-5. Net references- http://www.stop getting lik.com http://explore wingworld quest.org BIBLIOGRAPY-