Alzhemiers disease BY dr.MUMTAZ ALI.pptx

Alzheimer's disease is neurological age related disease.

1. ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE DR.MUMTAZ ALI NAREJO MBBS,RMP,CHPE,FCPS(SN) POSTFELLOWSHIP IN VASCULAR NEUROSURGERY(PINS) CONSULTANT NEUROSPINE & CEREBROVASCULAR SURGEON

2. OUTLINES Introduction Definition Causes Risk factors Symptoms Seven stages Severty Early vs late onset Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

3. INTRODUCTION Brain MOST COMMON : DEMENTIA 60-80% : USA 5M : USA Triple : 2060 >65 Years 6 th leading cause of death Dr . Alois Alzheimer : 1906

4. INTRODUCTION M emory loss L anguage problems U npredictable behavior P resence of plaques tangles in the brain L oss of connection between nerve cells I nformation cannot pass Brain Muscles Organs

5. DEFINITION N eurological condition D eath of brain cells D ecline in thinking skills & memory No cure S upport a person Medication O ther strategies Life expectancy : 4-8y

6. CAUSES Neurodegeneration B rain cell death N erve cells Connections Tiny deposits of protein Between dying cells Plaques Tangles Amyloid Protein (Aβ ) Tau protein

7. RISK FACTORS Aging Family history Genes APP Chromosome 21 Traumatic brain injuries Exposure: T oxic metals Pesticides I ndustrial chemicals

8. SYMPTOMS Gradual & Progressive Memory loss Cognitive deficits Problem R ecognition S patial awareness Reading Peaking writing Behaviour changes

9. SEVEN CLINICAL STAGES Stage 1 : Cognitively normal but pathological changes are happening Stage 2:   Prodromal stage mild memory loss, but indistinguishable from normal forgetfulness Stage 3: Progression into mild cognitive impairment ( MCI) Individuals may get lost or have difficulty in finding correct wording Stage 4:   Moderate dementia poor short-term memory Individuals forget some of their personal history

10. Stage 5: Cognition continues to decline I ndividuals need help in their daily lives They suffer from confusion and forget many personal details. Stage 6: Severe dementia Requiring constant supervision and care F ail to recognize family & friends and have personality changes Stage 7:   Individuals are nearing death They show motor symptoms D ifficulty in communication I ncontinent R equire assistance in feeding

11. SEVERITY MILD MODERATE SEVERE

12. MILD ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE M emory problems & C ognitive difficulties T aking longer than usual to perform daily tasks D ifficulty handling money or paying the bills W andering & getting lost experiencing personality and behavior changes such as getting upset angry more easily hiding things

13. MODERATE ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE P arts of the brain responsible for language, senses, reasoning, and consciousness are damaged G reater memory loss and confusion D ifficulty recognizing friends/family I nability to learn new things D ifficulty performing tasks with several stages G etting dressed D ifficulty coping with new situations I mpulsive behavior H allucinations, delusions, or paranoia

14. SEVERE ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE P laques and tangles T hroughout the brain B rain tissue to shrink I nability to communicate D ependency on others for care B eing unable to leave bed

15. EARLY VS LATE ONSET ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE Early <65 years Familial 40 & 50 Genes(APP) Late >65 years Sporadic Gene(APOE4)

16. DIAGNOSIS Memory loss Cognitive decline Behavioral changes Family & caregivers Cognitive & memory tests Neurological function tests Blood & urine tests CT & MRI SCANS Genetic tests

17. TREATMENT N o known cure Irreversible the death of brain cells R elieve its symptoms I mprove quality of life

18. DEMENTIA CARE E ffective management of associated disease A ctivities & daycare programs S upport groups and services

19. MEDICATIONS FOR COGNITIVE SYMPTOMS C holinesterase inhibitors D onepezil (Aricept ) => treat all stages G alantamine ( Razadyne )=> treat mild-to-moderate stages R ivastigmine ( Exelon)=> treat mild-to-moderate stages M emantine ( Namenda)=> treat moderate-to-severe stage C ombination of memantine and donepezil ( Namzaric )

20. MEDICATIONS FOR CHANGED BEHAVIOUR Antidepressants=>low mood A ntianxiety drugs=>Stress A ntipsychotic drugs=> Hallucinations Delusions Aggression Illusion

21. PREVENTION G etting regular exercise F ollowing a varied and healthful diet M aintaining a healthy cardiovascular system M anaging the risk of cardiovascular disease: Diabetes Obesity High BP Smoking Alcohol keeping the brain active throughout life Social active Avoid depression

22. SELF-CARE Stay physically active Eat healthily Stop smoking and drinking alcohol Get regular check-ups Write down everyday tasks and appointments Keep up your hobbies and do things that you enjoy Try new ways to keep your mind active Spend time with friends & family and engage in community life

23. Identify people you trust to support you in making decisions help you communicate your choices Create an advance plan to tell people what your choices & preferences are for care and support Bring your ID with your address emergency contacts when leaving house Reach out to family and friends for help Talk to people you know about how they can help you Join a local support group

24. HUMAN RIGHTS Frequently denied basic rights freedoms available In many countries : physical and chemical restraints are used extensively An appropriate & supportive legislative environment based on internationally-accepted human rights standards is required to ensure the highest quality of care for people with dementia and their carers

25. WHO RESPONSE Global Action plan (2017-2025) C omprehensive blueprint for action Dementia : public health priorty R educing the risk of dementia I nformation systems for dementia Support D ementia carers Research I nnovation

26. Refrences Google Wikipedia Mayoclinic Cleveland clinic NCBI Pubmed WHO

27. THANKYOU